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diff --git a/poky/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml b/poky/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c78d18a16 --- /dev/null +++ b/poky/documentation/adt-manual/adt-command.xml @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" +"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" +[<!ENTITY % poky SYSTEM "../poky.ent"> %poky; ] > + +<chapter id='using-the-command-line'> +<title>Using the Command Line</title> + + <para> + Recall that earlier the manual discussed how to use an existing toolchain + tarball that had been installed into the default installation + directory, <filename>/opt/poky/&DISTRO;</filename>, which is outside of the + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_DEV_URL;#build-directory'>Build Directory</ulink> + (see the section "<link linkend='using-an-existing-toolchain-tarball'>Using a Cross-Toolchain Tarball)</link>". + And, that sourcing your architecture-specific environment setup script + initializes a suitable cross-toolchain development environment. + </para> + + <para> + During this setup, locations for the compiler, QEMU scripts, QEMU binary, + a special version of <filename>pkgconfig</filename> and other useful + utilities are added to the <filename>PATH</filename> variable. + Also, variables to assist + <filename>pkgconfig</filename> and <filename>autotools</filename> + are also defined so that, for example, <filename>configure.sh</filename> + can find pre-generated test results for tests that need target hardware + on which to run. + You can see the + "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>" + section for the list of cross-toolchain environment variables + established by the script. + </para> + + <para> + Collectively, these conditions allow you to easily use the toolchain + outside of the OpenEmbedded build environment on both Autotools-based + projects and Makefile-based projects. + This chapter provides information for both these types of projects. + </para> + + +<section id='autotools-based-projects'> +<title>Autotools-Based Projects</title> + + <para> + Once you have a suitable cross-toolchain installed, it is very easy to + develop a project outside of the OpenEmbedded build system. + This section presents a simple "Helloworld" example that shows how + to set up, compile, and run the project. + </para> + + <section id='creating-and-running-a-project-based-on-gnu-autotools'> + <title>Creating and Running a Project Based on GNU Autotools</title> + + <para> + Follow these steps to create a simple Autotools-based project: + <orderedlist> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Create your directory:</emphasis> + Create a clean directory for your project and then make + that directory your working location: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ mkdir $HOME/helloworld + $ cd $HOME/helloworld + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Populate the directory:</emphasis> + Create <filename>hello.c</filename>, <filename>Makefile.am</filename>, + and <filename>configure.in</filename> files as follows: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para>For <filename>hello.c</filename>, include + these lines: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + #include <stdio.h> + + main() + { + printf("Hello World!\n"); + } + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>For <filename>Makefile.am</filename>, + include these lines: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + bin_PROGRAMS = hello + hello_SOURCES = hello.c + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para>For <filename>configure.in</filename>, + include these lines: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + AC_INIT(hello.c) + AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello,0.1) + AC_PROG_CC + AC_PROG_INSTALL + AC_OUTPUT(Makefile) + </literallayout></para></listitem> + </itemizedlist></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Source the cross-toolchain + environment setup file:</emphasis> + Installation of the cross-toolchain creates a cross-toolchain + environment setup script in the directory that the ADT + was installed. + Before you can use the tools to develop your project, you must + source this setup script. + The script begins with the string "environment-setup" and contains + the machine architecture, which is followed by the string + "poky-linux". + Here is an example that sources a script from the + default ADT installation directory that uses the + 32-bit Intel x86 Architecture and the + &DISTRO_NAME; Yocto Project release: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ source /opt/poky/&DISTRO;/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the local aclocal.m4 + files and create the configure script:</emphasis> + The following GNU Autotools generate the local + <filename>aclocal.m4</filename> files and create the + configure script: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ aclocal + $ autoconf + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate files needed by GNU + coding standards:</emphasis> + GNU coding standards require certain files in order for the + project to be compliant. + This command creates those files: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Generate the configure + file:</emphasis> + This command generates the <filename>configure</filename>: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ automake -a + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Cross-compile the project:</emphasis> + This command compiles the project using the cross-compiler. + The + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CONFIGURE_FLAGS'><filename>CONFIGURE_FLAGS</filename></ulink> + environment variable provides the minimal arguments for + GNU configure: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ ./configure ${CONFIGURE_FLAGS} + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Make and install the project:</emphasis> + These two commands generate and install the project into the + destination directory: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ make + $ make install DESTDIR=./tmp + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Verify the installation:</emphasis> + This command is a simple way to verify the installation + of your project. + Running the command prints the architecture on which + the binary file can run. + This architecture should be the same architecture that + the installed cross-toolchain supports. + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ file ./tmp/usr/local/bin/hello + </literallayout></para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Execute your project:</emphasis> + To execute the project in the shell, simply enter the name. + You could also copy the binary to the actual target hardware + and run the project there as well: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ ./hello + </literallayout> + As expected, the project displays the "Hello World!" message. + </para></listitem> + </orderedlist> + </para> + </section> + + <section id='passing-host-options'> + <title>Passing Host Options</title> + + <para> + For an Autotools-based project, you can use the cross-toolchain by just + passing the appropriate host option to <filename>configure.sh</filename>. + The host option you use is derived from the name of the environment setup + script found in the directory in which you installed the cross-toolchain. + For example, the host option for an ARM-based target that uses the GNU EABI + is <filename>armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi</filename>. + You will notice that the name of the script is + <filename>environment-setup-armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi</filename>. + Thus, the following command works to update your project and + rebuild it using the appropriate cross-toolchain tools: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ ./configure --host=armv5te-poky-linux-gnueabi \ + --with-libtool-sysroot=<replaceable>sysroot_dir</replaceable> + </literallayout> + <note> + If the <filename>configure</filename> script results in problems recognizing the + <filename>--with-libtool-sysroot=</filename><replaceable>sysroot-dir</replaceable> option, + regenerate the script to enable the support by doing the following and then + run the script again: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ libtoolize --automake + $ aclocal -I ${OECORE_NATIVE_SYSROOT}/usr/share/aclocal \ + [-I <replaceable>dir_containing_your_project-specific_m4_macros</replaceable>] + $ autoconf + $ autoheader + $ automake -a + </literallayout> + </note> + </para> + </section> +</section> + +<section id='makefile-based-projects'> +<title>Makefile-Based Projects</title> + + <para> + For Makefile-based projects, the cross-toolchain environment variables + established by running the cross-toolchain environment setup script + are subject to general <filename>make</filename> rules. + </para> + + <para> + To illustrate this, consider the following four cross-toolchain + environment variables: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CC'>CC</ulink>=i586-poky-linux-gcc -m32 -march=i586 --sysroot=/opt/poky/1.8/sysroots/i586-poky-linux + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-LD'>LD</ulink>=i586-poky-linux-ld --sysroot=/opt/poky/1.8/sysroots/i586-poky-linux + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CFLAGS'>CFLAGS</ulink>=-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types + <ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_REF_URL;#var-CXXFLAGS'>CXXFLAGS</ulink>=-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types + </literallayout> + Now, consider the following three cases: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 1 - No Variables Set in the <filename>Makefile</filename>:</emphasis> + Because these variables are not specifically set in the + <filename>Makefile</filename>, the variables retain their + values based on the environment. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 2 - Variables Set in the <filename>Makefile</filename>:</emphasis> + Specifically setting variables in the + <filename>Makefile</filename> during the build results in the + environment settings of the variables being overwritten. + </para></listitem> + <listitem><para><emphasis>Case 3 - Variables Set when the <filename>Makefile</filename> is Executed from the Command Line:</emphasis> + Executing the <filename>Makefile</filename> from the command + line results in the variables being overwritten with + command-line content regardless of what is being set in the + <filename>Makefile</filename>. + In this case, environment variables are not considered unless + you use the "-e" flag during the build: + <literallayout class='monospaced'> + $ make -e <replaceable>file</replaceable> + </literallayout> + If you use this flag, then the environment values of the + variables override any variables specifically set in the + <filename>Makefile</filename>. + </para></listitem> + </itemizedlist> + <note> + For the list of variables set up by the cross-toolchain environment + setup script, see the + "<link linkend='setting-up-the-cross-development-environment'>Setting Up the Cross-Development Environment</link>" + section. + </note> + </para> +</section> +</chapter> +<!-- +vim: expandtab tw=80 ts=4 +--> |
