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-================================
-Device-mapper "unstriped" target
-================================
-
-Introduction
-============
-
-The device-mapper "unstriped" target provides a transparent mechanism to
-unstripe a device-mapper "striped" target to access the underlying disks
-without having to touch the true backing block-device. It can also be
-used to unstripe a hardware RAID-0 to access backing disks.
-
-Parameters:
-<number of stripes> <chunk size> <stripe #> <dev_path> <offset>
-
-<number of stripes>
- The number of stripes in the RAID 0.
-
-<chunk size>
- The amount of 512B sectors in the chunk striping.
-
-<dev_path>
- The block device you wish to unstripe.
-
-<stripe #>
- The stripe number within the device that corresponds to physical
- drive you wish to unstripe. This must be 0 indexed.
-
-
-Why use this module?
-====================
-
-An example of undoing an existing dm-stripe
--------------------------------------------
-
-This small bash script will setup 4 loop devices and use the existing
-striped target to combine the 4 devices into one. It then will use
-the unstriped target ontop of the striped device to access the
-individual backing loop devices. We write data to the newly exposed
-unstriped devices and verify the data written matches the correct
-underlying device on the striped array::
-
- #!/bin/bash
-
- MEMBER_SIZE=$((128 * 1024 * 1024))
- NUM=4
- SEQ_END=$((${NUM}-1))
- CHUNK=256
- BS=4096
-
- RAID_SIZE=$((${MEMBER_SIZE}*${NUM}/512))
- DM_PARMS="0 ${RAID_SIZE} striped ${NUM} ${CHUNK}"
- COUNT=$((${MEMBER_SIZE} / ${BS}))
-
- for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
- dd if=/dev/zero of=member-${i} bs=${MEMBER_SIZE} count=1 oflag=direct
- losetup /dev/loop${i} member-${i}
- DM_PARMS+=" /dev/loop${i} 0"
- done
-
- echo $DM_PARMS | dmsetup create raid0
- for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
- echo "0 1 unstriped ${NUM} ${CHUNK} ${i} /dev/mapper/raid0 0" | dmsetup create set-${i}
- done;
-
- for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
- dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/mapper/set-${i} bs=${BS} count=${COUNT} oflag=direct
- diff /dev/mapper/set-${i} member-${i}
- done;
-
- for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
- dmsetup remove set-${i}
- done
-
- dmsetup remove raid0
-
- for i in $(seq 0 ${SEQ_END}); do
- losetup -d /dev/loop${i}
- rm -f member-${i}
- done
-
-Another example
----------------
-
-Intel NVMe drives contain two cores on the physical device.
-Each core of the drive has segregated access to its LBA range.
-The current LBA model has a RAID 0 128k chunk on each core, resulting
-in a 256k stripe across the two cores::
-
- Core 0: Core 1:
- __________ __________
- | LBA 512| | LBA 768|
- | LBA 0 | | LBA 256|
- ---------- ----------
-
-The purpose of this unstriping is to provide better QoS in noisy
-neighbor environments. When two partitions are created on the
-aggregate drive without this unstriping, reads on one partition
-can affect writes on another partition. This is because the partitions
-are striped across the two cores. When we unstripe this hardware RAID 0
-and make partitions on each new exposed device the two partitions are now
-physically separated.
-
-With the dm-unstriped target we're able to segregate an fio script that
-has read and write jobs that are independent of each other. Compared to
-when we run the test on a combined drive with partitions, we were able
-to get a 92% reduction in read latency using this device mapper target.
-
-
-Example dmsetup usage
-=====================
-
-unstriped ontop of Intel NVMe device that has 2 cores
------------------------------------------------------
-
-::
-
- dmsetup create nvmset0 --table '0 512 unstriped 2 256 0 /dev/nvme0n1 0'
- dmsetup create nvmset1 --table '0 512 unstriped 2 256 1 /dev/nvme0n1 0'
-
-There will now be two devices that expose Intel NVMe core 0 and 1
-respectively::
-
- /dev/mapper/nvmset0
- /dev/mapper/nvmset1
-
-unstriped ontop of striped with 4 drives using 128K chunk size
---------------------------------------------------------------
-
-::
-
- dmsetup create raid_disk0 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 0 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
- dmsetup create raid_disk1 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 1 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
- dmsetup create raid_disk2 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 2 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
- dmsetup create raid_disk3 --table '0 512 unstriped 4 256 3 /dev/mapper/striped 0'
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