diff options
author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2009-04-06 14:26:05 -0700 |
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committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2009-04-06 14:26:05 -0700 |
commit | ffa009c366e33f3eae48bba2547051fe15795f64 (patch) | |
tree | 78736a4ee7c16819830a32a313867e3a88ac6aff /drivers/pci | |
parent | 8e320d02718d2872d52ef88a69a493e420494269 (diff) | |
parent | 46f06b72378d3187f0d12f7a60d020676bfbf332 (diff) | |
download | blackbird-op-linux-ffa009c366e33f3eae48bba2547051fe15795f64.tar.gz blackbird-op-linux-ffa009c366e33f3eae48bba2547051fe15795f64.zip |
Merge git://git.infradead.org/iommu-2.6
* git://git.infradead.org/iommu-2.6:
drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c: include acpi.h
intel-iommu: Fix oops in device_to_iommu() when devices not found.
intel-iommu: Handle PCI domains appropriately.
intel-iommu: Fix device-to-iommu mapping for PCI-PCI bridges.
x2apic/intr-remap: decouple interrupt remapping from x2apic
x86, dmar: check if it's initialized before disable queue invalidation
intel-iommu: set compatibility format interrupt
Intel IOMMU Suspend/Resume Support - Interrupt Remapping
Intel IOMMU Suspend/Resume Support - Queued Invalidation
Intel IOMMU Suspend/Resume Support - DMAR
intel-iommu: Add for_each_iommu() and for_each_active_iommu() macros
Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/pci')
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/pci/dmar.c | 71 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c | 239 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c | 84 |
3 files changed, 348 insertions, 46 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/pci/dmar.c b/drivers/pci/dmar.c index d313039e2fdf..25a00ce4f24d 100644 --- a/drivers/pci/dmar.c +++ b/drivers/pci/dmar.c @@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ dmar_parse_one_drhd(struct acpi_dmar_header *header) dmaru->hdr = header; drhd = (struct acpi_dmar_hardware_unit *)header; dmaru->reg_base_addr = drhd->address; + dmaru->segment = drhd->segment; dmaru->include_all = drhd->flags & 0x1; /* BIT0: INCLUDE_ALL */ ret = alloc_iommu(dmaru); @@ -790,14 +791,41 @@ end: } /* + * Enable queued invalidation. + */ +static void __dmar_enable_qi(struct intel_iommu *iommu) +{ + u32 cmd, sts; + unsigned long flags; + struct q_inval *qi = iommu->qi; + + qi->free_head = qi->free_tail = 0; + qi->free_cnt = QI_LENGTH; + + spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flags); + + /* write zero to the tail reg */ + writel(0, iommu->reg + DMAR_IQT_REG); + + dmar_writeq(iommu->reg + DMAR_IQA_REG, virt_to_phys(qi->desc)); + + cmd = iommu->gcmd | DMA_GCMD_QIE; + iommu->gcmd |= DMA_GCMD_QIE; + writel(cmd, iommu->reg + DMAR_GCMD_REG); + + /* Make sure hardware complete it */ + IOMMU_WAIT_OP(iommu, DMAR_GSTS_REG, readl, (sts & DMA_GSTS_QIES), sts); + + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flags); +} + +/* * Enable Queued Invalidation interface. This is a must to support * interrupt-remapping. Also used by DMA-remapping, which replaces * register based IOTLB invalidation. */ int dmar_enable_qi(struct intel_iommu *iommu) { - u32 cmd, sts; - unsigned long flags; struct q_inval *qi; if (!ecap_qis(iommu->ecap)) @@ -835,19 +863,7 @@ int dmar_enable_qi(struct intel_iommu *iommu) spin_lock_init(&qi->q_lock); - spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flags); - /* write zero to the tail reg */ - writel(0, iommu->reg + DMAR_IQT_REG); - - dmar_writeq(iommu->reg + DMAR_IQA_REG, virt_to_phys(qi->desc)); - - cmd = iommu->gcmd | DMA_GCMD_QIE; - iommu->gcmd |= DMA_GCMD_QIE; - writel(cmd, iommu->reg + DMAR_GCMD_REG); - - /* Make sure hardware complete it */ - IOMMU_WAIT_OP(iommu, DMAR_GSTS_REG, readl, (sts & DMA_GSTS_QIES), sts); - spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flags); + __dmar_enable_qi(iommu); return 0; } @@ -1102,3 +1118,28 @@ int __init enable_drhd_fault_handling(void) return 0; } + +/* + * Re-enable Queued Invalidation interface. + */ +int dmar_reenable_qi(struct intel_iommu *iommu) +{ + if (!ecap_qis(iommu->ecap)) + return -ENOENT; + + if (!iommu->qi) + return -ENOENT; + + /* + * First disable queued invalidation. + */ + dmar_disable_qi(iommu); + /* + * Then enable queued invalidation again. Since there is no pending + * invalidation requests now, it's safe to re-enable queued + * invalidation. + */ + __dmar_enable_qi(iommu); + + return 0; +} diff --git a/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c b/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c index 23e56a564e05..dcda5212f3bb 100644 --- a/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c +++ b/drivers/pci/intel-iommu.c @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ #include <linux/iova.h> #include <linux/iommu.h> #include <linux/intel-iommu.h> +#include <linux/sysdev.h> #include <asm/cacheflush.h> #include <asm/iommu.h> #include "pci.h" @@ -247,7 +248,8 @@ struct dmar_domain { struct device_domain_info { struct list_head link; /* link to domain siblings */ struct list_head global; /* link to global list */ - u8 bus; /* PCI bus numer */ + int segment; /* PCI domain */ + u8 bus; /* PCI bus number */ u8 devfn; /* PCI devfn number */ struct pci_dev *dev; /* it's NULL for PCIE-to-PCI bridge */ struct dmar_domain *domain; /* pointer to domain */ @@ -467,7 +469,7 @@ static void domain_update_iommu_cap(struct dmar_domain *domain) domain_update_iommu_snooping(domain); } -static struct intel_iommu *device_to_iommu(u8 bus, u8 devfn) +static struct intel_iommu *device_to_iommu(int segment, u8 bus, u8 devfn) { struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd = NULL; int i; @@ -475,12 +477,20 @@ static struct intel_iommu *device_to_iommu(u8 bus, u8 devfn) for_each_drhd_unit(drhd) { if (drhd->ignored) continue; + if (segment != drhd->segment) + continue; - for (i = 0; i < drhd->devices_cnt; i++) + for (i = 0; i < drhd->devices_cnt; i++) { if (drhd->devices[i] && drhd->devices[i]->bus->number == bus && drhd->devices[i]->devfn == devfn) return drhd->iommu; + if (drhd->devices[i] && + drhd->devices[i]->subordinate && + drhd->devices[i]->subordinate->number <= bus && + drhd->devices[i]->subordinate->subordinate >= bus) + return drhd->iommu; + } if (drhd->include_all) return drhd->iommu; @@ -1312,7 +1322,7 @@ static void domain_exit(struct dmar_domain *domain) } static int domain_context_mapping_one(struct dmar_domain *domain, - u8 bus, u8 devfn) + int segment, u8 bus, u8 devfn) { struct context_entry *context; unsigned long flags; @@ -1327,7 +1337,7 @@ static int domain_context_mapping_one(struct dmar_domain *domain, bus, PCI_SLOT(devfn), PCI_FUNC(devfn)); BUG_ON(!domain->pgd); - iommu = device_to_iommu(bus, devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(segment, bus, devfn); if (!iommu) return -ENODEV; @@ -1417,8 +1427,8 @@ domain_context_mapping(struct dmar_domain *domain, struct pci_dev *pdev) int ret; struct pci_dev *tmp, *parent; - ret = domain_context_mapping_one(domain, pdev->bus->number, - pdev->devfn); + ret = domain_context_mapping_one(domain, pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus), + pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); if (ret) return ret; @@ -1429,18 +1439,23 @@ domain_context_mapping(struct dmar_domain *domain, struct pci_dev *pdev) /* Secondary interface's bus number and devfn 0 */ parent = pdev->bus->self; while (parent != tmp) { - ret = domain_context_mapping_one(domain, parent->bus->number, - parent->devfn); + ret = domain_context_mapping_one(domain, + pci_domain_nr(parent->bus), + parent->bus->number, + parent->devfn); if (ret) return ret; parent = parent->bus->self; } if (tmp->is_pcie) /* this is a PCIE-to-PCI bridge */ return domain_context_mapping_one(domain, - tmp->subordinate->number, 0); + pci_domain_nr(tmp->subordinate), + tmp->subordinate->number, 0); else /* this is a legacy PCI bridge */ return domain_context_mapping_one(domain, - tmp->bus->number, tmp->devfn); + pci_domain_nr(tmp->bus), + tmp->bus->number, + tmp->devfn); } static int domain_context_mapped(struct pci_dev *pdev) @@ -1449,12 +1464,12 @@ static int domain_context_mapped(struct pci_dev *pdev) struct pci_dev *tmp, *parent; struct intel_iommu *iommu; - iommu = device_to_iommu(pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus), pdev->bus->number, + pdev->devfn); if (!iommu) return -ENODEV; - ret = device_context_mapped(iommu, - pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); + ret = device_context_mapped(iommu, pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); if (!ret) return ret; /* dependent device mapping */ @@ -1465,17 +1480,17 @@ static int domain_context_mapped(struct pci_dev *pdev) parent = pdev->bus->self; while (parent != tmp) { ret = device_context_mapped(iommu, parent->bus->number, - parent->devfn); + parent->devfn); if (!ret) return ret; parent = parent->bus->self; } if (tmp->is_pcie) - return device_context_mapped(iommu, - tmp->subordinate->number, 0); + return device_context_mapped(iommu, tmp->subordinate->number, + 0); else - return device_context_mapped(iommu, - tmp->bus->number, tmp->devfn); + return device_context_mapped(iommu, tmp->bus->number, + tmp->devfn); } static int @@ -1542,7 +1557,7 @@ static void domain_remove_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain) info->dev->dev.archdata.iommu = NULL; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&device_domain_lock, flags); - iommu = device_to_iommu(info->bus, info->devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(info->segment, info->bus, info->devfn); iommu_detach_dev(iommu, info->bus, info->devfn); free_devinfo_mem(info); @@ -1577,11 +1592,14 @@ static struct dmar_domain *get_domain_for_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, int gaw) struct pci_dev *dev_tmp; unsigned long flags; int bus = 0, devfn = 0; + int segment; domain = find_domain(pdev); if (domain) return domain; + segment = pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus); + dev_tmp = pci_find_upstream_pcie_bridge(pdev); if (dev_tmp) { if (dev_tmp->is_pcie) { @@ -1593,7 +1611,8 @@ static struct dmar_domain *get_domain_for_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, int gaw) } spin_lock_irqsave(&device_domain_lock, flags); list_for_each_entry(info, &device_domain_list, global) { - if (info->bus == bus && info->devfn == devfn) { + if (info->segment == segment && + info->bus == bus && info->devfn == devfn) { found = info->domain; break; } @@ -1631,6 +1650,7 @@ static struct dmar_domain *get_domain_for_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, int gaw) domain_exit(domain); goto error; } + info->segment = segment; info->bus = bus; info->devfn = devfn; info->dev = NULL; @@ -1642,7 +1662,8 @@ static struct dmar_domain *get_domain_for_dev(struct pci_dev *pdev, int gaw) found = NULL; spin_lock_irqsave(&device_domain_lock, flags); list_for_each_entry(tmp, &device_domain_list, global) { - if (tmp->bus == bus && tmp->devfn == devfn) { + if (tmp->segment == segment && + tmp->bus == bus && tmp->devfn == devfn) { found = tmp->domain; break; } @@ -1662,6 +1683,7 @@ found_domain: info = alloc_devinfo_mem(); if (!info) goto error; + info->segment = segment; info->bus = pdev->bus->number; info->devfn = pdev->devfn; info->dev = pdev; @@ -1946,6 +1968,15 @@ static int __init init_dmars(void) } } +#ifdef CONFIG_INTR_REMAP + if (!intr_remapping_enabled) { + ret = enable_intr_remapping(0); + if (ret) + printk(KERN_ERR + "IOMMU: enable interrupt remapping failed\n"); + } +#endif + /* * For each rmrr * for each dev attached to rmrr @@ -2597,6 +2628,150 @@ static void __init init_no_remapping_devices(void) } } +#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND +static int init_iommu_hw(void) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + struct intel_iommu *iommu = NULL; + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) + if (iommu->qi) + dmar_reenable_qi(iommu); + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + iommu_flush_write_buffer(iommu); + + iommu_set_root_entry(iommu); + + iommu->flush.flush_context(iommu, 0, 0, 0, + DMA_CCMD_GLOBAL_INVL, 0); + iommu->flush.flush_iotlb(iommu, 0, 0, 0, + DMA_TLB_GLOBAL_FLUSH, 0); + iommu_disable_protect_mem_regions(iommu); + iommu_enable_translation(iommu); + } + + return 0; +} + +static void iommu_flush_all(void) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + struct intel_iommu *iommu; + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + iommu->flush.flush_context(iommu, 0, 0, 0, + DMA_CCMD_GLOBAL_INVL, 0); + iommu->flush.flush_iotlb(iommu, 0, 0, 0, + DMA_TLB_GLOBAL_FLUSH, 0); + } +} + +static int iommu_suspend(struct sys_device *dev, pm_message_t state) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + struct intel_iommu *iommu = NULL; + unsigned long flag; + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + iommu->iommu_state = kzalloc(sizeof(u32) * MAX_SR_DMAR_REGS, + GFP_ATOMIC); + if (!iommu->iommu_state) + goto nomem; + } + + iommu_flush_all(); + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + iommu_disable_translation(iommu); + + spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flag); + + iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FECTL_REG] = + readl(iommu->reg + DMAR_FECTL_REG); + iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEDATA_REG] = + readl(iommu->reg + DMAR_FEDATA_REG); + iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEADDR_REG] = + readl(iommu->reg + DMAR_FEADDR_REG); + iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEUADDR_REG] = + readl(iommu->reg + DMAR_FEUADDR_REG); + + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flag); + } + return 0; + +nomem: + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) + kfree(iommu->iommu_state); + + return -ENOMEM; +} + +static int iommu_resume(struct sys_device *dev) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + struct intel_iommu *iommu = NULL; + unsigned long flag; + + if (init_iommu_hw()) { + WARN(1, "IOMMU setup failed, DMAR can not resume!\n"); + return -EIO; + } + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + + spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flag); + + writel(iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FECTL_REG], + iommu->reg + DMAR_FECTL_REG); + writel(iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEDATA_REG], + iommu->reg + DMAR_FEDATA_REG); + writel(iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEADDR_REG], + iommu->reg + DMAR_FEADDR_REG); + writel(iommu->iommu_state[SR_DMAR_FEUADDR_REG], + iommu->reg + DMAR_FEUADDR_REG); + + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flag); + } + + for_each_active_iommu(iommu, drhd) + kfree(iommu->iommu_state); + + return 0; +} + +static struct sysdev_class iommu_sysclass = { + .name = "iommu", + .resume = iommu_resume, + .suspend = iommu_suspend, +}; + +static struct sys_device device_iommu = { + .cls = &iommu_sysclass, +}; + +static int __init init_iommu_sysfs(void) +{ + int error; + + error = sysdev_class_register(&iommu_sysclass); + if (error) + return error; + + error = sysdev_register(&device_iommu); + if (error) + sysdev_class_unregister(&iommu_sysclass); + + return error; +} + +#else +static int __init init_iommu_sysfs(void) +{ + return 0; +} +#endif /* CONFIG_PM */ + int __init intel_iommu_init(void) { int ret = 0; @@ -2632,6 +2807,7 @@ int __init intel_iommu_init(void) init_timer(&unmap_timer); force_iommu = 1; dma_ops = &intel_dma_ops; + init_iommu_sysfs(); register_iommu(&intel_iommu_ops); @@ -2648,6 +2824,7 @@ static int vm_domain_add_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain, if (!info) return -ENOMEM; + info->segment = pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus); info->bus = pdev->bus->number; info->devfn = pdev->devfn; info->dev = pdev; @@ -2677,15 +2854,15 @@ static void iommu_detach_dependent_devices(struct intel_iommu *iommu, parent = pdev->bus->self; while (parent != tmp) { iommu_detach_dev(iommu, parent->bus->number, - parent->devfn); + parent->devfn); parent = parent->bus->self; } if (tmp->is_pcie) /* this is a PCIE-to-PCI bridge */ iommu_detach_dev(iommu, tmp->subordinate->number, 0); else /* this is a legacy PCI bridge */ - iommu_detach_dev(iommu, - tmp->bus->number, tmp->devfn); + iommu_detach_dev(iommu, tmp->bus->number, + tmp->devfn); } } @@ -2698,13 +2875,15 @@ static void vm_domain_remove_one_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain, int found = 0; struct list_head *entry, *tmp; - iommu = device_to_iommu(pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus), pdev->bus->number, + pdev->devfn); if (!iommu) return; spin_lock_irqsave(&device_domain_lock, flags); list_for_each_safe(entry, tmp, &domain->devices) { info = list_entry(entry, struct device_domain_info, link); + /* No need to compare PCI domain; it has to be the same */ if (info->bus == pdev->bus->number && info->devfn == pdev->devfn) { list_del(&info->link); @@ -2729,7 +2908,8 @@ static void vm_domain_remove_one_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain, * owned by this domain, clear this iommu in iommu_bmp * update iommu count and coherency */ - if (device_to_iommu(info->bus, info->devfn) == iommu) + if (iommu == device_to_iommu(info->segment, info->bus, + info->devfn)) found = 1; } @@ -2762,7 +2942,7 @@ static void vm_domain_remove_all_dev_info(struct dmar_domain *domain) spin_unlock_irqrestore(&device_domain_lock, flags1); - iommu = device_to_iommu(info->bus, info->devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(info->segment, info->bus, info->devfn); iommu_detach_dev(iommu, info->bus, info->devfn); iommu_detach_dependent_devices(iommu, info->dev); @@ -2950,7 +3130,8 @@ static int intel_iommu_attach_device(struct iommu_domain *domain, } } - iommu = device_to_iommu(pdev->bus->number, pdev->devfn); + iommu = device_to_iommu(pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus), pdev->bus->number, + pdev->devfn); if (!iommu) return -ENODEV; diff --git a/drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c b/drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c index b041a409f4a7..f5e0ea724a6f 100644 --- a/drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c +++ b/drivers/pci/intr_remapping.c @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ #include <asm/cpu.h> #include <linux/intel-iommu.h> #include "intr_remapping.h" +#include <acpi/acpi.h> static struct ioapic_scope ir_ioapic[MAX_IO_APICS]; static int ir_ioapic_num; @@ -415,12 +416,27 @@ static void iommu_set_intr_remapping(struct intel_iommu *iommu, int mode) /* Set interrupt-remapping table pointer */ cmd = iommu->gcmd | DMA_GCMD_SIRTP; + iommu->gcmd |= DMA_GCMD_SIRTP; writel(cmd, iommu->reg + DMAR_GCMD_REG); IOMMU_WAIT_OP(iommu, DMAR_GSTS_REG, readl, (sts & DMA_GSTS_IRTPS), sts); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flags); + if (mode == 0) { + spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flags); + + /* enable comaptiblity format interrupt pass through */ + cmd = iommu->gcmd | DMA_GCMD_CFI; + iommu->gcmd |= DMA_GCMD_CFI; + writel(cmd, iommu->reg + DMAR_GCMD_REG); + + IOMMU_WAIT_OP(iommu, DMAR_GSTS_REG, + readl, (sts & DMA_GSTS_CFIS), sts); + + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iommu->register_lock, flags); + } + /* * global invalidation of interrupt entry cache before enabling * interrupt-remapping. @@ -470,7 +486,7 @@ static int setup_intr_remapping(struct intel_iommu *iommu, int mode) /* * Disable Interrupt Remapping. */ -static void disable_intr_remapping(struct intel_iommu *iommu) +static void iommu_disable_intr_remapping(struct intel_iommu *iommu) { unsigned long flags; u32 sts; @@ -478,6 +494,12 @@ static void disable_intr_remapping(struct intel_iommu *iommu) if (!ecap_ir_support(iommu->ecap)) return; + /* + * global invalidation of interrupt entry cache before disabling + * interrupt-remapping. + */ + qi_global_iec(iommu); + spin_lock_irqsave(&iommu->register_lock, flags); sts = dmar_readq(iommu->reg + DMAR_GSTS_REG); @@ -503,6 +525,13 @@ int __init enable_intr_remapping(int eim) struct intel_iommu *iommu = drhd->iommu; /* + * If the queued invalidation is already initialized, + * shouldn't disable it. + */ + if (iommu->qi) + continue; + + /* * Clear previous faults. */ dmar_fault(-1, iommu); @@ -511,7 +540,7 @@ int __init enable_intr_remapping(int eim) * Disable intr remapping and queued invalidation, if already * enabled prior to OS handover. */ - disable_intr_remapping(iommu); + iommu_disable_intr_remapping(iommu); dmar_disable_qi(iommu); } @@ -639,3 +668,54 @@ int __init parse_ioapics_under_ir(void) return ir_supported; } + +void disable_intr_remapping(void) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + struct intel_iommu *iommu = NULL; + + /* + * Disable Interrupt-remapping for all the DRHD's now. + */ + for_each_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + if (!ecap_ir_support(iommu->ecap)) + continue; + + iommu_disable_intr_remapping(iommu); + } +} + +int reenable_intr_remapping(int eim) +{ + struct dmar_drhd_unit *drhd; + int setup = 0; + struct intel_iommu *iommu = NULL; + + for_each_iommu(iommu, drhd) + if (iommu->qi) + dmar_reenable_qi(iommu); + + /* + * Setup Interrupt-remapping for all the DRHD's now. + */ + for_each_iommu(iommu, drhd) { + if (!ecap_ir_support(iommu->ecap)) + continue; + + /* Set up interrupt remapping for iommu.*/ + iommu_set_intr_remapping(iommu, eim); + setup = 1; + } + + if (!setup) + goto error; + + return 0; + +error: + /* + * handle error condition gracefully here! + */ + return -1; +} + |