Merge tag 'dm-4.2-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm

Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:

 - DM core cleanups:

     * blk-mq request-based DM no longer uses any mempools now that
       partial completions are no longer handled as part of cloned
       requests

 - DM raid cleanups and support for MD raid0

 - DM cache core advances and a new stochastic-multi-queue (smq) cache
   replacement policy

     * smq is the new default dm-cache policy

 - DM thinp cleanups and much more efficient large discard support

 - DM statistics support for request-based DM and nanosecond resolution
   timestamps

 - Fixes to DM stripe, DM log-writes, DM raid1 and DM crypt

* tag 'dm-4.2-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (39 commits)
  dm stats: add support for request-based DM devices
  dm stats: collect and report histogram of IO latencies
  dm stats: support precise timestamps
  dm stats: fix divide by zero if 'number_of_areas' arg is zero
  dm cache: switch the "default" cache replacement policy from mq to smq
  dm space map metadata: fix occasional leak of a metadata block on resize
  dm thin metadata: fix a race when entering fail mode
  dm thin: fail messages with EOPNOTSUPP when pool cannot handle messages
  dm thin: range discard support
  dm thin metadata: add dm_thin_remove_range()
  dm thin metadata: add dm_thin_find_mapped_range()
  dm btree: add dm_btree_remove_leaves()
  dm stats: Use kvfree() in dm_kvfree()
  dm cache: age and write back cache entries even without active IO
  dm cache: prefix all DMERR and DMINFO messages with cache device name
  dm cache: add fail io mode and needs_check flag
  dm cache: wake the worker thread every time we free a migration object
  dm cache: add stochastic-multi-queue (smq) policy
  dm cache: boost promotion of blocks that will be overwritten
  dm cache: defer whole cells
  ...

29 files changed, 4103 insertions, 714 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/md/Kconfig b/drivers/md/Kconfig
index edcf4ab66e00..b59727309072 100644
--- a/drivers/md/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/md/Kconfig
@@ -304,6 +304,18 @@ config DM_CACHE_MQ
          This is meant to be a general purpose policy.  It prioritises
          reads over writes.
 
+config DM_CACHE_SMQ
+       tristate "Stochastic MQ Cache Policy (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+       depends on DM_CACHE
+       default y
+       ---help---
+         A cache policy that uses a multiqueue ordered by recent hits
+         to select which blocks should be promoted and demoted.
+         This is meant to be a general purpose policy.  It prioritises
+         reads over writes.  This SMQ policy (vs MQ) offers the promise
+         of less memory utilization, improved performance and increased
+         adaptability in the face of changing workloads.
+
 config DM_CACHE_CLEANER
        tristate "Cleaner Cache Policy (EXPERIMENTAL)"
        depends on DM_CACHE
diff --git a/drivers/md/Makefile b/drivers/md/Makefile
index dba4db5985fb..462f443a4f85 100644
--- a/drivers/md/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/md/Makefile
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ dm-log-userspace-y \
 dm-thin-pool-y	+= dm-thin.o dm-thin-metadata.o
 dm-cache-y	+= dm-cache-target.o dm-cache-metadata.o dm-cache-policy.o
 dm-cache-mq-y   += dm-cache-policy-mq.o
+dm-cache-smq-y   += dm-cache-policy-smq.o
 dm-cache-cleaner-y += dm-cache-policy-cleaner.o
 dm-era-y	+= dm-era-target.o
 md-mod-y	+= md.o bitmap.o
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING)	+= dm-thin-pool.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_VERITY)		+= dm-verity.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE)		+= dm-cache.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE_MQ)	+= dm-cache-mq.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE_SMQ)	+= dm-cache-smq.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CACHE_CLEANER)	+= dm-cache-cleaner.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_ERA)		+= dm-era.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_LOG_WRITES)	+= dm-log-writes.o
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.c b/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.c
index be065300e93c..cd6d1d21e057 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.c
@@ -255,6 +255,32 @@ void dm_cell_visit_release(struct dm_bio_prison *prison,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_cell_visit_release);
 
+static int __promote_or_release(struct dm_bio_prison *prison,
+				struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+{
+	if (bio_list_empty(&cell->bios)) {
+		rb_erase(&cell->node, &prison->cells);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	cell->holder = bio_list_pop(&cell->bios);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int dm_cell_promote_or_release(struct dm_bio_prison *prison,
+			       struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&prison->lock, flags);
+	r = __promote_or_release(prison, cell);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&prison->lock, flags);
+
+	return r;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_cell_promote_or_release);
+
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #define DEFERRED_SET_SIZE 64
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.h b/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.h
index 74cf01144b1f..54352f009bfd 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-bio-prison.h
@@ -101,6 +101,19 @@ void dm_cell_visit_release(struct dm_bio_prison *prison,
 			   void (*visit_fn)(void *, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *),
 			   void *context, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell);
 
+/*
+ * Rather than always releasing the prisoners in a cell, the client may
+ * want to promote one of them to be the new holder.  There is a race here
+ * though between releasing an empty cell, and other threads adding new
+ * inmates.  So this function makes the decision with its lock held.
+ *
+ * This function can have two outcomes:
+ * i) An inmate is promoted to be the holder of the cell (return value of 0).
+ * ii) The cell has no inmate for promotion and is released (return value of 1).
+ */
+int dm_cell_promote_or_release(struct dm_bio_prison *prison,
+			       struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell);
+
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.c b/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.c
index c1c010498a21..20cc36b01b77 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.c
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@
 enum superblock_flag_bits {
 	/* for spotting crashes that would invalidate the dirty bitset */
 	CLEAN_SHUTDOWN,
+	/* metadata must be checked using the tools */
+	NEEDS_CHECK,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -107,6 +109,7 @@ struct dm_cache_metadata {
 	struct dm_disk_bitset discard_info;
 
 	struct rw_semaphore root_lock;
+	unsigned long flags;
 	dm_block_t root;
 	dm_block_t hint_root;
 	dm_block_t discard_root;
@@ -129,6 +132,14 @@ struct dm_cache_metadata {
 	 * buffer before the superblock is locked and updated.
 	 */
 	__u8 metadata_space_map_root[SPACE_MAP_ROOT_SIZE];
+
+	/*
+	 * Set if a transaction has to be aborted but the attempt to roll
+	 * back to the previous (good) transaction failed.  The only
+	 * metadata operation permissible in this state is the closing of
+	 * the device.
+	 */
+	bool fail_io:1;
 };
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -527,6 +538,7 @@ static unsigned long clear_clean_shutdown(unsigned long flags)
 static void read_superblock_fields(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 				   struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super)
 {
+	cmd->flags = le32_to_cpu(disk_super->flags);
 	cmd->root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->mapping_root);
 	cmd->hint_root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->hint_root);
 	cmd->discard_root = le64_to_cpu(disk_super->discard_root);
@@ -625,6 +637,7 @@ static int __commit_transaction(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 	if (mutator)
 		update_flags(disk_super, mutator);
 
+	disk_super->flags = cpu_to_le32(cmd->flags);
 	disk_super->mapping_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->root);
 	disk_super->hint_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->hint_root);
 	disk_super->discard_root = cpu_to_le64(cmd->discard_root);
@@ -693,6 +706,7 @@ static struct dm_cache_metadata *metadata_open(struct block_device *bdev,
 	cmd->cache_blocks = 0;
 	cmd->policy_hint_size = policy_hint_size;
 	cmd->changed = true;
+	cmd->fail_io = false;
 
 	r = __create_persistent_data_objects(cmd, may_format_device);
 	if (r) {
@@ -796,7 +810,8 @@ void dm_cache_metadata_close(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
 		list_del(&cmd->list);
 		mutex_unlock(&table_lock);
 
-		__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd);
+		if (!cmd->fail_io)
+			__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd);
 		kfree(cmd);
 	}
 }
@@ -848,13 +863,26 @@ static int blocks_are_unmapped_or_clean(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#define WRITE_LOCK(cmd) \
+	if (cmd->fail_io || dm_bm_is_read_only(cmd->bm)) \
+		return -EINVAL; \
+	down_write(&cmd->root_lock)
+
+#define WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd) \
+	if (cmd->fail_io || dm_bm_is_read_only(cmd->bm)) \
+		return; \
+	down_write(&cmd->root_lock)
+
+#define WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd) \
+	up_write(&cmd->root_lock)
+
 int dm_cache_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t new_cache_size)
 {
 	int r;
 	bool clean;
 	__le64 null_mapping = pack_value(0, 0);
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	__dm_bless_for_disk(&null_mapping);
 
 	if (from_cblock(new_cache_size) < from_cblock(cmd->cache_blocks)) {
@@ -880,7 +908,7 @@ int dm_cache_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t new_cache_size)
 	cmd->changed = true;
 
 out:
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -891,7 +919,7 @@ int dm_cache_discard_bitset_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = dm_bitset_resize(&cmd->discard_info,
 			     cmd->discard_root,
 			     from_dblock(cmd->discard_nr_blocks),
@@ -903,7 +931,7 @@ int dm_cache_discard_bitset_resize(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 	}
 
 	cmd->changed = true;
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -946,9 +974,9 @@ int dm_cache_set_discard(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = __discard(cmd, dblock, discard);
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -1020,9 +1048,9 @@ int dm_cache_remove_mapping(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, dm_cblock_t cblock)
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = __remove(cmd, cblock);
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -1048,9 +1076,9 @@ int dm_cache_insert_mapping(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = __insert(cmd, cblock, oblock);
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -1234,9 +1262,9 @@ int dm_cache_set_dirty(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = __dirty(cmd, cblock, dirty);
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -1252,9 +1280,9 @@ void dm_cache_metadata_get_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 void dm_cache_metadata_set_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 				 struct dm_cache_statistics *stats)
 {
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
 	cmd->stats = *stats;
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 }
 
 int dm_cache_commit(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool clean_shutdown)
@@ -1263,7 +1291,7 @@ int dm_cache_commit(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool clean_shutdown)
 	flags_mutator mutator = (clean_shutdown ? set_clean_shutdown :
 				 clear_clean_shutdown);
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = __commit_transaction(cmd, mutator);
 	if (r)
 		goto out;
@@ -1271,7 +1299,7 @@ int dm_cache_commit(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool clean_shutdown)
 	r = __begin_transaction(cmd);
 
 out:
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 	return r;
 }
 
@@ -1376,9 +1404,9 @@ int dm_cache_write_hints(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, struct dm_cache_policy *
 {
 	int r;
 
-	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
 	r = write_hints(cmd, policy);
-	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -1387,3 +1415,70 @@ int dm_cache_metadata_all_clean(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool *result)
 {
 	return blocks_are_unmapped_or_clean(cmd, 0, cmd->cache_blocks, result);
 }
+
+void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_only(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
+{
+	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
+	dm_bm_set_read_only(cmd->bm);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
+}
+
+void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_write(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
+{
+	WRITE_LOCK_VOID(cmd);
+	dm_bm_set_read_write(cmd->bm);
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
+}
+
+int dm_cache_metadata_set_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct dm_block *sblock;
+	struct cache_disk_superblock *disk_super;
+
+	/*
+	 * We ignore fail_io for this function.
+	 */
+	down_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	set_bit(NEEDS_CHECK, &cmd->flags);
+
+	r = superblock_lock(cmd, &sblock);
+	if (r) {
+		DMERR("couldn't read superblock");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	disk_super = dm_block_data(sblock);
+	disk_super->flags = cpu_to_le32(cmd->flags);
+
+	dm_bm_unlock(sblock);
+
+out:
+	up_write(&cmd->root_lock);
+	return r;
+}
+
+bool dm_cache_metadata_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
+{
+	bool needs_check;
+
+	down_read(&cmd->root_lock);
+	needs_check = !!test_bit(NEEDS_CHECK, &cmd->flags);
+	up_read(&cmd->root_lock);
+
+	return needs_check;
+}
+
+int dm_cache_metadata_abort(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	WRITE_LOCK(cmd);
+	__destroy_persistent_data_objects(cmd);
+	r = __create_persistent_data_objects(cmd, false);
+	if (r)
+		cmd->fail_io = true;
+	WRITE_UNLOCK(cmd);
+
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.h b/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.h
index 4ecc403be283..2ffee21f318d 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-metadata.h
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ struct dm_cache_statistics {
 
 void dm_cache_metadata_get_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 				 struct dm_cache_statistics *stats);
+
+/*
+ * 'void' because it's no big deal if it fails.
+ */
 void dm_cache_metadata_set_stats(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd,
 				 struct dm_cache_statistics *stats);
 
@@ -133,6 +137,12 @@ int dm_cache_write_hints(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, struct dm_cache_policy *
  */
 int dm_cache_metadata_all_clean(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd, bool *result);
 
+bool dm_cache_metadata_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd);
+int dm_cache_metadata_set_needs_check(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd);
+void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_only(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd);
+void dm_cache_metadata_set_read_write(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd);
+int dm_cache_metadata_abort(struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd);
+
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #endif /* DM_CACHE_METADATA_H */
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-cleaner.c b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-cleaner.c
index b04d1f904d07..240c9f0e85e7 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-cleaner.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-cleaner.c
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@ static void remove_cache_hash_entry(struct wb_cache_entry *e)
 /* Public interface (see dm-cache-policy.h */
 static int wb_map(struct dm_cache_policy *pe, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 		  bool can_block, bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-		  struct bio *bio, struct policy_result *result)
+		  struct bio *bio, struct policy_locker *locker,
+		  struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	struct policy *p = to_policy(pe);
 	struct wb_cache_entry *e;
@@ -358,7 +359,8 @@ static struct wb_cache_entry *get_next_dirty_entry(struct policy *p)
 
 static int wb_writeback_work(struct dm_cache_policy *pe,
 			     dm_oblock_t *oblock,
-			     dm_cblock_t *cblock)
+			     dm_cblock_t *cblock,
+			     bool critical_only)
 {
 	int r = -ENOENT;
 	struct policy *p = to_policy(pe);
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-internal.h b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-internal.h
index 2256a1f24f73..2816018faa7f 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-internal.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-internal.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #ifndef DM_CACHE_POLICY_INTERNAL_H
 #define DM_CACHE_POLICY_INTERNAL_H
 
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include "dm-cache-policy.h"
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -16,9 +17,10 @@
  */
 static inline int policy_map(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 			     bool can_block, bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-			     struct bio *bio, struct policy_result *result)
+			     struct bio *bio, struct policy_locker *locker,
+			     struct policy_result *result)
 {
-	return p->map(p, oblock, can_block, can_migrate, discarded_oblock, bio, result);
+	return p->map(p, oblock, can_block, can_migrate, discarded_oblock, bio, locker, result);
 }
 
 static inline int policy_lookup(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock, dm_cblock_t *cblock)
@@ -54,9 +56,10 @@ static inline int policy_walk_mappings(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
 
 static inline int policy_writeback_work(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
 					dm_oblock_t *oblock,
-					dm_cblock_t *cblock)
+					dm_cblock_t *cblock,
+					bool critical_only)
 {
-	return p->writeback_work ? p->writeback_work(p, oblock, cblock) : -ENOENT;
+	return p->writeback_work ? p->writeback_work(p, oblock, cblock, critical_only) : -ENOENT;
 }
 
 static inline void policy_remove_mapping(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock)
@@ -80,19 +83,21 @@ static inline dm_cblock_t policy_residency(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
 	return p->residency(p);
 }
 
-static inline void policy_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
+static inline void policy_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p, bool can_block)
 {
 	if (p->tick)
-		return p->tick(p);
+		return p->tick(p, can_block);
 }
 
-static inline int policy_emit_config_values(struct dm_cache_policy *p, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
+static inline int policy_emit_config_values(struct dm_cache_policy *p, char *result,
+					    unsigned maxlen, ssize_t *sz_ptr)
 {
-	ssize_t sz = 0;
+	ssize_t sz = *sz_ptr;
 	if (p->emit_config_values)
-		return p->emit_config_values(p, result, maxlen);
+		return p->emit_config_values(p, result, maxlen, sz_ptr);
 
-	DMEMIT("0");
+	DMEMIT("0 ");
+	*sz_ptr = sz;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +110,33 @@ static inline int policy_set_config_value(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 /*
+ * Some utility functions commonly used by policies and the core target.
+ */
+static inline size_t bitset_size_in_bytes(unsigned nr_entries)
+{
+	return sizeof(unsigned long) * dm_div_up(nr_entries, BITS_PER_LONG);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long *alloc_bitset(unsigned nr_entries)
+{
+	size_t s = bitset_size_in_bytes(nr_entries);
+	return vzalloc(s);
+}
+
+static inline void clear_bitset(void *bitset, unsigned nr_entries)
+{
+	size_t s = bitset_size_in_bytes(nr_entries);
+	memset(bitset, 0, s);
+}
+
+static inline void free_bitset(unsigned long *bits)
+{
+	vfree(bits);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
  * Creates a new cache policy given a policy name, a cache size, an origin size and the block size.
  */
 struct dm_cache_policy *dm_cache_policy_create(const char *name, dm_cblock_t cache_size,
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-mq.c b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-mq.c
index 3ddd1162334d..32814371b8d3 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-mq.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-mq.c
@@ -693,9 +693,10 @@ static void requeue(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
  * - set the hit count to a hard coded value other than 1, eg, is it better
  *   if it goes in at level 2?
  */
-static int demote_cblock(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t *oblock)
+static int demote_cblock(struct mq_policy *mq,
+			 struct policy_locker *locker, dm_oblock_t *oblock)
 {
-	struct entry *demoted = pop(mq, &mq->cache_clean);
+	struct entry *demoted = peek(&mq->cache_clean);
 
 	if (!demoted)
 		/*
@@ -707,6 +708,13 @@ static int demote_cblock(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t *oblock)
 		 */
 		return -ENOSPC;
 
+	if (locker->fn(locker, demoted->oblock))
+		/*
+		 * We couldn't lock the demoted block.
+		 */
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	del(mq, demoted);
 	*oblock = demoted->oblock;
 	free_entry(&mq->cache_pool, demoted);
 
@@ -795,6 +803,7 @@ static int cache_entry_found(struct mq_policy *mq,
  * finding which cache block to use.
  */
 static int pre_cache_to_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e,
+			      struct policy_locker *locker,
 			      struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	int r;
@@ -803,11 +812,12 @@ static int pre_cache_to_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e,
 	/* Ensure there's a free cblock in the cache */
 	if (epool_empty(&mq->cache_pool)) {
 		result->op = POLICY_REPLACE;
-		r = demote_cblock(mq, &result->old_oblock);
+		r = demote_cblock(mq, locker, &result->old_oblock);
 		if (r) {
 			result->op = POLICY_MISS;
 			return 0;
 		}
+
 	} else
 		result->op = POLICY_NEW;
 
@@ -829,7 +839,8 @@ static int pre_cache_to_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e,
 
 static int pre_cache_entry_found(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e,
 				 bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-				 int data_dir, struct policy_result *result)
+				 int data_dir, struct policy_locker *locker,
+				 struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	int r = 0;
 
@@ -842,7 +853,7 @@ static int pre_cache_entry_found(struct mq_policy *mq, struct entry *e,
 
 	else {
 		requeue(mq, e);
-		r = pre_cache_to_cache(mq, e, result);
+		r = pre_cache_to_cache(mq, e, locker, result);
 	}
 
 	return r;
@@ -872,6 +883,7 @@ static void insert_in_pre_cache(struct mq_policy *mq,
 }
 
 static void insert_in_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
+			    struct policy_locker *locker,
 			    struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	int r;
@@ -879,7 +891,7 @@ static void insert_in_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 
 	if (epool_empty(&mq->cache_pool)) {
 		result->op = POLICY_REPLACE;
-		r = demote_cblock(mq, &result->old_oblock);
+		r = demote_cblock(mq, locker, &result->old_oblock);
 		if (unlikely(r)) {
 			result->op = POLICY_MISS;
 			insert_in_pre_cache(mq, oblock);
@@ -907,11 +919,12 @@ static void insert_in_cache(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 
 static int no_entry_found(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 			  bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-			  int data_dir, struct policy_result *result)
+			  int data_dir, struct policy_locker *locker,
+			  struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	if (adjusted_promote_threshold(mq, discarded_oblock, data_dir) <= 1) {
 		if (can_migrate)
-			insert_in_cache(mq, oblock, result);
+			insert_in_cache(mq, oblock, locker, result);
 		else
 			return -EWOULDBLOCK;
 	} else {
@@ -928,7 +941,8 @@ static int no_entry_found(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
  */
 static int map(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 	       bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-	       int data_dir, struct policy_result *result)
+	       int data_dir, struct policy_locker *locker,
+	       struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	int r = 0;
 	struct entry *e = hash_lookup(mq, oblock);
@@ -942,11 +956,11 @@ static int map(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 
 	else if (e)
 		r = pre_cache_entry_found(mq, e, can_migrate, discarded_oblock,
-					  data_dir, result);
+					  data_dir, locker, result);
 
 	else
 		r = no_entry_found(mq, oblock, can_migrate, discarded_oblock,
-				   data_dir, result);
+				   data_dir, locker, result);
 
 	if (r == -EWOULDBLOCK)
 		result->op = POLICY_MISS;
@@ -1012,7 +1026,8 @@ static void copy_tick(struct mq_policy *mq)
 
 static int mq_map(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 		  bool can_block, bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-		  struct bio *bio, struct policy_result *result)
+		  struct bio *bio, struct policy_locker *locker,
+		  struct policy_result *result)
 {
 	int r;
 	struct mq_policy *mq = to_mq_policy(p);
@@ -1028,7 +1043,7 @@ static int mq_map(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 
 	iot_examine_bio(&mq->tracker, bio);
 	r = map(mq, oblock, can_migrate, discarded_oblock,
-		bio_data_dir(bio), result);
+		bio_data_dir(bio), locker, result);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
 
@@ -1221,7 +1236,7 @@ static int __mq_writeback_work(struct mq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t *oblock,
 }
 
 static int mq_writeback_work(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t *oblock,
-			     dm_cblock_t *cblock)
+			     dm_cblock_t *cblock, bool critical_only)
 {
 	int r;
 	struct mq_policy *mq = to_mq_policy(p);
@@ -1268,7 +1283,7 @@ static dm_cblock_t mq_residency(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
 	return r;
 }
 
-static void mq_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
+static void mq_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p, bool can_block)
 {
 	struct mq_policy *mq = to_mq_policy(p);
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -1276,6 +1291,12 @@ static void mq_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
 	mq->tick_protected++;
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
+
+	if (can_block) {
+		mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+		copy_tick(mq);
+		mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+	}
 }
 
 static int mq_set_config_value(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
@@ -1308,22 +1329,24 @@ static int mq_set_config_value(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mq_emit_config_values(struct dm_cache_policy *p, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
+static int mq_emit_config_values(struct dm_cache_policy *p, char *result,
+				 unsigned maxlen, ssize_t *sz_ptr)
 {
-	ssize_t sz = 0;
+	ssize_t sz = *sz_ptr;
 	struct mq_policy *mq = to_mq_policy(p);
 
 	DMEMIT("10 random_threshold %u "
 	       "sequential_threshold %u "
 	       "discard_promote_adjustment %u "
 	       "read_promote_adjustment %u "
-	       "write_promote_adjustment %u",
+	       "write_promote_adjustment %u ",
 	       mq->tracker.thresholds[PATTERN_RANDOM],
 	       mq->tracker.thresholds[PATTERN_SEQUENTIAL],
 	       mq->discard_promote_adjustment,
 	       mq->read_promote_adjustment,
 	       mq->write_promote_adjustment);
 
+	*sz_ptr = sz;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1408,21 +1431,12 @@ bad_pre_cache_init:
 
 static struct dm_cache_policy_type mq_policy_type = {
 	.name = "mq",
-	.version = {1, 3, 0},
+	.version = {1, 4, 0},
 	.hint_size = 4,
 	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
 	.create = mq_create
 };
 
-static struct dm_cache_policy_type default_policy_type = {
-	.name = "default",
-	.version = {1, 3, 0},
-	.hint_size = 4,
-	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
-	.create = mq_create,
-	.real = &mq_policy_type
-};
-
 static int __init mq_init(void)
 {
 	int r;
@@ -1432,36 +1446,21 @@ static int __init mq_init(void)
 					   __alignof__(struct entry),
 					   0, NULL);
 	if (!mq_entry_cache)
-		goto bad;
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	r = dm_cache_policy_register(&mq_policy_type);
 	if (r) {
 		DMERR("register failed %d", r);
-		goto bad_register_mq;
-	}
-
-	r = dm_cache_policy_register(&default_policy_type);
-	if (!r) {
-		DMINFO("version %u.%u.%u loaded",
-		       mq_policy_type.version[0],
-		       mq_policy_type.version[1],
-		       mq_policy_type.version[2]);
-		return 0;
+		kmem_cache_destroy(mq_entry_cache);
+		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	DMERR("register failed (as default) %d", r);
-
-	dm_cache_policy_unregister(&mq_policy_type);
-bad_register_mq:
-	kmem_cache_destroy(mq_entry_cache);
-bad:
-	return -ENOMEM;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void __exit mq_exit(void)
 {
 	dm_cache_policy_unregister(&mq_policy_type);
-	dm_cache_policy_unregister(&default_policy_type);
 
 	kmem_cache_destroy(mq_entry_cache);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-smq.c b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-smq.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..80f02d3330e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy-smq.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1791 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Red Hat. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#include "dm-cache-policy.h"
+#include "dm-cache-policy-internal.h"
+#include "dm.h"
+
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+
+#define DM_MSG_PREFIX "cache-policy-smq"
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
+ * Safe division functions that return zero on divide by zero.
+ */
+static unsigned safe_div(unsigned n, unsigned d)
+{
+	return d ? n / d : 0u;
+}
+
+static unsigned safe_mod(unsigned n, unsigned d)
+{
+	return d ? n % d : 0u;
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct entry {
+	unsigned hash_next:28;
+	unsigned prev:28;
+	unsigned next:28;
+	unsigned level:7;
+	bool dirty:1;
+	bool allocated:1;
+	bool sentinel:1;
+
+	dm_oblock_t oblock;
+};
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define INDEXER_NULL ((1u << 28u) - 1u)
+
+/*
+ * An entry_space manages a set of entries that we use for the queues.
+ * The clean and dirty queues share entries, so this object is separate
+ * from the queue itself.
+ */
+struct entry_space {
+	struct entry *begin;
+	struct entry *end;
+};
+
+static int space_init(struct entry_space *es, unsigned nr_entries)
+{
+	if (!nr_entries) {
+		es->begin = es->end = NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	es->begin = vzalloc(sizeof(struct entry) * nr_entries);
+	if (!es->begin)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	es->end = es->begin + nr_entries;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void space_exit(struct entry_space *es)
+{
+	vfree(es->begin);
+}
+
+static struct entry *__get_entry(struct entry_space *es, unsigned block)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	e = es->begin + block;
+	BUG_ON(e >= es->end);
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+static unsigned to_index(struct entry_space *es, struct entry *e)
+{
+	BUG_ON(e < es->begin || e >= es->end);
+	return e - es->begin;
+}
+
+static struct entry *to_entry(struct entry_space *es, unsigned block)
+{
+	if (block == INDEXER_NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return __get_entry(es, block);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct ilist {
+	unsigned nr_elts;	/* excluding sentinel entries */
+	unsigned head, tail;
+};
+
+static void l_init(struct ilist *l)
+{
+	l->nr_elts = 0;
+	l->head = l->tail = INDEXER_NULL;
+}
+
+static struct entry *l_head(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l)
+{
+	return to_entry(es, l->head);
+}
+
+static struct entry *l_tail(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l)
+{
+	return to_entry(es, l->tail);
+}
+
+static struct entry *l_next(struct entry_space *es, struct entry *e)
+{
+	return to_entry(es, e->next);
+}
+
+static struct entry *l_prev(struct entry_space *es, struct entry *e)
+{
+	return to_entry(es, e->prev);
+}
+
+static bool l_empty(struct ilist *l)
+{
+	return l->head == INDEXER_NULL;
+}
+
+static void l_add_head(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *head = l_head(es, l);
+
+	e->next = l->head;
+	e->prev = INDEXER_NULL;
+
+	if (head)
+		head->prev = l->head = to_index(es, e);
+	else
+		l->head = l->tail = to_index(es, e);
+
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		l->nr_elts++;
+}
+
+static void l_add_tail(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *tail = l_tail(es, l);
+
+	e->next = INDEXER_NULL;
+	e->prev = l->tail;
+
+	if (tail)
+		tail->next = l->tail = to_index(es, e);
+	else
+		l->head = l->tail = to_index(es, e);
+
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		l->nr_elts++;
+}
+
+static void l_add_before(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l,
+			 struct entry *old, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *prev = l_prev(es, old);
+
+	if (!prev)
+		l_add_head(es, l, e);
+
+	else {
+		e->prev = old->prev;
+		e->next = to_index(es, old);
+		prev->next = old->prev = to_index(es, e);
+
+		if (!e->sentinel)
+			l->nr_elts++;
+	}
+}
+
+static void l_del(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *prev = l_prev(es, e);
+	struct entry *next = l_next(es, e);
+
+	if (prev)
+		prev->next = e->next;
+	else
+		l->head = e->next;
+
+	if (next)
+		next->prev = e->prev;
+	else
+		l->tail = e->prev;
+
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		l->nr_elts--;
+}
+
+static struct entry *l_pop_tail(struct entry_space *es, struct ilist *l)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	for (e = l_tail(es, l); e; e = l_prev(es, e))
+		if (!e->sentinel) {
+			l_del(es, l, e);
+			return e;
+		}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
+ * The stochastic-multi-queue is a set of lru lists stacked into levels.
+ * Entries are moved up levels when they are used, which loosely orders the
+ * most accessed entries in the top levels and least in the bottom.  This
+ * structure is *much* better than a single lru list.
+ */
+#define MAX_LEVELS 64u
+
+struct queue {
+	struct entry_space *es;
+
+	unsigned nr_elts;
+	unsigned nr_levels;
+	struct ilist qs[MAX_LEVELS];
+
+	/*
+	 * We maintain a count of the number of entries we would like in each
+	 * level.
+	 */
+	unsigned last_target_nr_elts;
+	unsigned nr_top_levels;
+	unsigned nr_in_top_levels;
+	unsigned target_count[MAX_LEVELS];
+};
+
+static void q_init(struct queue *q, struct entry_space *es, unsigned nr_levels)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+
+	q->es = es;
+	q->nr_elts = 0;
+	q->nr_levels = nr_levels;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr_levels; i++) {
+		l_init(q->qs + i);
+		q->target_count[i] = 0u;
+	}
+
+	q->last_target_nr_elts = 0u;
+	q->nr_top_levels = 0u;
+	q->nr_in_top_levels = 0u;
+}
+
+static unsigned q_size(struct queue *q)
+{
+	return q->nr_elts;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Insert an entry to the back of the given level.
+ */
+static void q_push(struct queue *q, struct entry *e)
+{
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		q->nr_elts++;
+
+	l_add_tail(q->es, q->qs + e->level, e);
+}
+
+static void q_push_before(struct queue *q, struct entry *old, struct entry *e)
+{
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		q->nr_elts++;
+
+	l_add_before(q->es, q->qs + e->level, old, e);
+}
+
+static void q_del(struct queue *q, struct entry *e)
+{
+	l_del(q->es, q->qs + e->level, e);
+	if (!e->sentinel)
+		q->nr_elts--;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the oldest entry of the lowest populated level.
+ */
+static struct entry *q_peek(struct queue *q, unsigned max_level, bool can_cross_sentinel)
+{
+	unsigned level;
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	max_level = min(max_level, q->nr_levels);
+
+	for (level = 0; level < max_level; level++)
+		for (e = l_head(q->es, q->qs + level); e; e = l_next(q->es, e)) {
+			if (e->sentinel) {
+				if (can_cross_sentinel)
+					continue;
+				else
+					break;
+			}
+
+			return e;
+		}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct entry *q_pop(struct queue *q)
+{
+	struct entry *e = q_peek(q, q->nr_levels, true);
+
+	if (e)
+		q_del(q, e);
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pops an entry from a level that is not past a sentinel.
+ */
+static struct entry *q_pop_old(struct queue *q, unsigned max_level)
+{
+	struct entry *e = q_peek(q, max_level, false);
+
+	if (e)
+		q_del(q, e);
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function assumes there is a non-sentinel entry to pop.  It's only
+ * used by redistribute, so we know this is true.  It also doesn't adjust
+ * the q->nr_elts count.
+ */
+static struct entry *__redist_pop_from(struct queue *q, unsigned level)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	for (; level < q->nr_levels; level++)
+		for (e = l_head(q->es, q->qs + level); e; e = l_next(q->es, e))
+			if (!e->sentinel) {
+				l_del(q->es, q->qs + e->level, e);
+				return e;
+			}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void q_set_targets_subrange_(struct queue *q, unsigned nr_elts, unsigned lbegin, unsigned lend)
+{
+	unsigned level, nr_levels, entries_per_level, remainder;
+
+	BUG_ON(lbegin > lend);
+	BUG_ON(lend > q->nr_levels);
+	nr_levels = lend - lbegin;
+	entries_per_level = safe_div(nr_elts, nr_levels);
+	remainder = safe_mod(nr_elts, nr_levels);
+
+	for (level = lbegin; level < lend; level++)
+		q->target_count[level] =
+			(level < (lbegin + remainder)) ? entries_per_level + 1u : entries_per_level;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Typically we have fewer elements in the top few levels which allows us
+ * to adjust the promote threshold nicely.
+ */
+static void q_set_targets(struct queue *q)
+{
+	if (q->last_target_nr_elts == q->nr_elts)
+		return;
+
+	q->last_target_nr_elts = q->nr_elts;
+
+	if (q->nr_top_levels > q->nr_levels)
+		q_set_targets_subrange_(q, q->nr_elts, 0, q->nr_levels);
+
+	else {
+		q_set_targets_subrange_(q, q->nr_in_top_levels,
+					q->nr_levels - q->nr_top_levels, q->nr_levels);
+
+		if (q->nr_in_top_levels < q->nr_elts)
+			q_set_targets_subrange_(q, q->nr_elts - q->nr_in_top_levels,
+						0, q->nr_levels - q->nr_top_levels);
+		else
+			q_set_targets_subrange_(q, 0, 0, q->nr_levels - q->nr_top_levels);
+	}
+}
+
+static void q_redistribute(struct queue *q)
+{
+	unsigned target, level;
+	struct ilist *l, *l_above;
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	q_set_targets(q);
+
+	for (level = 0u; level < q->nr_levels - 1u; level++) {
+		l = q->qs + level;
+		target = q->target_count[level];
+
+		/*
+		 * Pull down some entries from the level above.
+		 */
+		while (l->nr_elts < target) {
+			e = __redist_pop_from(q, level + 1u);
+			if (!e) {
+				/* bug in nr_elts */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			e->level = level;
+			l_add_tail(q->es, l, e);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Push some entries up.
+		 */
+		l_above = q->qs + level + 1u;
+		while (l->nr_elts > target) {
+			e = l_pop_tail(q->es, l);
+
+			if (!e)
+				/* bug in nr_elts */
+				break;
+
+			e->level = level + 1u;
+			l_add_head(q->es, l_above, e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void q_requeue_before(struct queue *q, struct entry *dest, struct entry *e, unsigned extra_levels)
+{
+	struct entry *de;
+	unsigned new_level;
+
+	q_del(q, e);
+
+	if (extra_levels && (e->level < q->nr_levels - 1u)) {
+		new_level = min(q->nr_levels - 1u, e->level + extra_levels);
+		for (de = l_head(q->es, q->qs + new_level); de; de = l_next(q->es, de)) {
+			if (de->sentinel)
+				continue;
+
+			q_del(q, de);
+			de->level = e->level;
+
+			if (dest)
+				q_push_before(q, dest, de);
+			else
+				q_push(q, de);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		e->level = new_level;
+	}
+
+	q_push(q, e);
+}
+
+static void q_requeue(struct queue *q, struct entry *e, unsigned extra_levels)
+{
+	q_requeue_before(q, NULL, e, extra_levels);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define FP_SHIFT 8
+#define SIXTEENTH (1u << (FP_SHIFT - 4u))
+#define EIGHTH (1u << (FP_SHIFT - 3u))
+
+struct stats {
+	unsigned hit_threshold;
+	unsigned hits;
+	unsigned misses;
+};
+
+enum performance {
+	Q_POOR,
+	Q_FAIR,
+	Q_WELL
+};
+
+static void stats_init(struct stats *s, unsigned nr_levels)
+{
+	s->hit_threshold = (nr_levels * 3u) / 4u;
+	s->hits = 0u;
+	s->misses = 0u;
+}
+
+static void stats_reset(struct stats *s)
+{
+	s->hits = s->misses = 0u;
+}
+
+static void stats_level_accessed(struct stats *s, unsigned level)
+{
+	if (level >= s->hit_threshold)
+		s->hits++;
+	else
+		s->misses++;
+}
+
+static void stats_miss(struct stats *s)
+{
+	s->misses++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * There are times when we don't have any confidence in the hotspot queue.
+ * Such as when a fresh cache is created and the blocks have been spread
+ * out across the levels, or if an io load changes.  We detect this by
+ * seeing how often a lookup is in the top levels of the hotspot queue.
+ */
+static enum performance stats_assess(struct stats *s)
+{
+	unsigned confidence = safe_div(s->hits << FP_SHIFT, s->hits + s->misses);
+
+	if (confidence < SIXTEENTH)
+		return Q_POOR;
+
+	else if (confidence < EIGHTH)
+		return Q_FAIR;
+
+	else
+		return Q_WELL;
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct hash_table {
+	struct entry_space *es;
+	unsigned long long hash_bits;
+	unsigned *buckets;
+};
+
+/*
+ * All cache entries are stored in a chained hash table.  To save space we
+ * use indexing again, and only store indexes to the next entry.
+ */
+static int h_init(struct hash_table *ht, struct entry_space *es, unsigned nr_entries)
+{
+	unsigned i, nr_buckets;
+
+	ht->es = es;
+	nr_buckets = roundup_pow_of_two(max(nr_entries / 4u, 16u));
+	ht->hash_bits = ffs(nr_buckets) - 1;
+
+	ht->buckets = vmalloc(sizeof(*ht->buckets) * nr_buckets);
+	if (!ht->buckets)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_buckets; i++)
+		ht->buckets[i] = INDEXER_NULL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void h_exit(struct hash_table *ht)
+{
+	vfree(ht->buckets);
+}
+
+static struct entry *h_head(struct hash_table *ht, unsigned bucket)
+{
+	return to_entry(ht->es, ht->buckets[bucket]);
+}
+
+static struct entry *h_next(struct hash_table *ht, struct entry *e)
+{
+	return to_entry(ht->es, e->hash_next);
+}
+
+static void __h_insert(struct hash_table *ht, unsigned bucket, struct entry *e)
+{
+	e->hash_next = ht->buckets[bucket];
+	ht->buckets[bucket] = to_index(ht->es, e);
+}
+
+static void h_insert(struct hash_table *ht, struct entry *e)
+{
+	unsigned h = hash_64(from_oblock(e->oblock), ht->hash_bits);
+	__h_insert(ht, h, e);
+}
+
+static struct entry *__h_lookup(struct hash_table *ht, unsigned h, dm_oblock_t oblock,
+				struct entry **prev)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	*prev = NULL;
+	for (e = h_head(ht, h); e; e = h_next(ht, e)) {
+		if (e->oblock == oblock)
+			return e;
+
+		*prev = e;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void __h_unlink(struct hash_table *ht, unsigned h,
+		       struct entry *e, struct entry *prev)
+{
+	if (prev)
+		prev->hash_next = e->hash_next;
+	else
+		ht->buckets[h] = e->hash_next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Also moves each entry to the front of the bucket.
+ */
+static struct entry *h_lookup(struct hash_table *ht, dm_oblock_t oblock)
+{
+	struct entry *e, *prev;
+	unsigned h = hash_64(from_oblock(oblock), ht->hash_bits);
+
+	e = __h_lookup(ht, h, oblock, &prev);
+	if (e && prev) {
+		/*
+		 * Move to the front because this entry is likely
+		 * to be hit again.
+		 */
+		__h_unlink(ht, h, e, prev);
+		__h_insert(ht, h, e);
+	}
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+static void h_remove(struct hash_table *ht, struct entry *e)
+{
+	unsigned h = hash_64(from_oblock(e->oblock), ht->hash_bits);
+	struct entry *prev;
+
+	/*
+	 * The down side of using a singly linked list is we have to
+	 * iterate the bucket to remove an item.
+	 */
+	e = __h_lookup(ht, h, e->oblock, &prev);
+	if (e)
+		__h_unlink(ht, h, e, prev);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct entry_alloc {
+	struct entry_space *es;
+	unsigned begin;
+
+	unsigned nr_allocated;
+	struct ilist free;
+};
+
+static void init_allocator(struct entry_alloc *ea, struct entry_space *es,
+			   unsigned begin, unsigned end)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+
+	ea->es = es;
+	ea->nr_allocated = 0u;
+	ea->begin = begin;
+
+	l_init(&ea->free);
+	for (i = begin; i != end; i++)
+		l_add_tail(ea->es, &ea->free, __get_entry(ea->es, i));
+}
+
+static void init_entry(struct entry *e)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We can't memset because that would clear the hotspot and
+	 * sentinel bits which remain constant.
+	 */
+	e->hash_next = INDEXER_NULL;
+	e->next = INDEXER_NULL;
+	e->prev = INDEXER_NULL;
+	e->level = 0u;
+	e->allocated = true;
+}
+
+static struct entry *alloc_entry(struct entry_alloc *ea)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	if (l_empty(&ea->free))
+		return NULL;
+
+	e = l_pop_tail(ea->es, &ea->free);
+	init_entry(e);
+	ea->nr_allocated++;
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This assumes the cblock hasn't already been allocated.
+ */
+static struct entry *alloc_particular_entry(struct entry_alloc *ea, unsigned i)
+{
+	struct entry *e = __get_entry(ea->es, ea->begin + i);
+
+	BUG_ON(e->allocated);
+
+	l_del(ea->es, &ea->free, e);
+	init_entry(e);
+	ea->nr_allocated++;
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+static void free_entry(struct entry_alloc *ea, struct entry *e)
+{
+	BUG_ON(!ea->nr_allocated);
+	BUG_ON(!e->allocated);
+
+	ea->nr_allocated--;
+	e->allocated = false;
+	l_add_tail(ea->es, &ea->free, e);
+}
+
+static bool allocator_empty(struct entry_alloc *ea)
+{
+	return l_empty(&ea->free);
+}
+
+static unsigned get_index(struct entry_alloc *ea, struct entry *e)
+{
+	return to_index(ea->es, e) - ea->begin;
+}
+
+static struct entry *get_entry(struct entry_alloc *ea, unsigned index)
+{
+	return __get_entry(ea->es, ea->begin + index);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#define NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS 64u
+#define NR_CACHE_LEVELS 64u
+
+#define WRITEBACK_PERIOD (10 * HZ)
+#define DEMOTE_PERIOD (60 * HZ)
+
+#define HOTSPOT_UPDATE_PERIOD (HZ)
+#define CACHE_UPDATE_PERIOD (10u * HZ)
+
+struct smq_policy {
+	struct dm_cache_policy policy;
+
+	/* protects everything */
+	struct mutex lock;
+	dm_cblock_t cache_size;
+	sector_t cache_block_size;
+
+	sector_t hotspot_block_size;
+	unsigned nr_hotspot_blocks;
+	unsigned cache_blocks_per_hotspot_block;
+	unsigned hotspot_level_jump;
+
+	struct entry_space es;
+	struct entry_alloc writeback_sentinel_alloc;
+	struct entry_alloc demote_sentinel_alloc;
+	struct entry_alloc hotspot_alloc;
+	struct entry_alloc cache_alloc;
+
+	unsigned long *hotspot_hit_bits;
+	unsigned long *cache_hit_bits;
+
+	/*
+	 * We maintain three queues of entries.  The cache proper,
+	 * consisting of a clean and dirty queue, containing the currently
+	 * active mappings.  The hotspot queue uses a larger block size to
+	 * track blocks that are being hit frequently and potential
+	 * candidates for promotion to the cache.
+	 */
+	struct queue hotspot;
+	struct queue clean;
+	struct queue dirty;
+
+	struct stats hotspot_stats;
+	struct stats cache_stats;
+
+	/*
+	 * Keeps track of time, incremented by the core.  We use this to
+	 * avoid attributing multiple hits within the same tick.
+	 *
+	 * Access to tick_protected should be done with the spin lock held.
+	 * It's copied to tick at the start of the map function (within the
+	 * mutex).
+	 */
+	spinlock_t tick_lock;
+	unsigned tick_protected;
+	unsigned tick;
+
+	/*
+	 * The hash tables allows us to quickly find an entry by origin
+	 * block.
+	 */
+	struct hash_table table;
+	struct hash_table hotspot_table;
+
+	bool current_writeback_sentinels;
+	unsigned long next_writeback_period;
+
+	bool current_demote_sentinels;
+	unsigned long next_demote_period;
+
+	unsigned write_promote_level;
+	unsigned read_promote_level;
+
+	unsigned long next_hotspot_period;
+	unsigned long next_cache_period;
+};
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static struct entry *get_sentinel(struct entry_alloc *ea, unsigned level, bool which)
+{
+	return get_entry(ea, which ? level : NR_CACHE_LEVELS + level);
+}
+
+static struct entry *writeback_sentinel(struct smq_policy *mq, unsigned level)
+{
+	return get_sentinel(&mq->writeback_sentinel_alloc, level, mq->current_writeback_sentinels);
+}
+
+static struct entry *demote_sentinel(struct smq_policy *mq, unsigned level)
+{
+	return get_sentinel(&mq->demote_sentinel_alloc, level, mq->current_demote_sentinels);
+}
+
+static void __update_writeback_sentinels(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	unsigned level;
+	struct queue *q = &mq->dirty;
+	struct entry *sentinel;
+
+	for (level = 0; level < q->nr_levels; level++) {
+		sentinel = writeback_sentinel(mq, level);
+		q_del(q, sentinel);
+		q_push(q, sentinel);
+	}
+}
+
+static void __update_demote_sentinels(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	unsigned level;
+	struct queue *q = &mq->clean;
+	struct entry *sentinel;
+
+	for (level = 0; level < q->nr_levels; level++) {
+		sentinel = demote_sentinel(mq, level);
+		q_del(q, sentinel);
+		q_push(q, sentinel);
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_sentinels(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	if (time_after(jiffies, mq->next_writeback_period)) {
+		__update_writeback_sentinels(mq);
+		mq->next_writeback_period = jiffies + WRITEBACK_PERIOD;
+		mq->current_writeback_sentinels = !mq->current_writeback_sentinels;
+	}
+
+	if (time_after(jiffies, mq->next_demote_period)) {
+		__update_demote_sentinels(mq);
+		mq->next_demote_period = jiffies + DEMOTE_PERIOD;
+		mq->current_demote_sentinels = !mq->current_demote_sentinels;
+	}
+}
+
+static void __sentinels_init(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	unsigned level;
+	struct entry *sentinel;
+
+	for (level = 0; level < NR_CACHE_LEVELS; level++) {
+		sentinel = writeback_sentinel(mq, level);
+		sentinel->level = level;
+		q_push(&mq->dirty, sentinel);
+
+		sentinel = demote_sentinel(mq, level);
+		sentinel->level = level;
+		q_push(&mq->clean, sentinel);
+	}
+}
+
+static void sentinels_init(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	mq->next_writeback_period = jiffies + WRITEBACK_PERIOD;
+	mq->next_demote_period = jiffies + DEMOTE_PERIOD;
+
+	mq->current_writeback_sentinels = false;
+	mq->current_demote_sentinels = false;
+	__sentinels_init(mq);
+
+	mq->current_writeback_sentinels = !mq->current_writeback_sentinels;
+	mq->current_demote_sentinels = !mq->current_demote_sentinels;
+	__sentinels_init(mq);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
+ * These methods tie together the dirty queue, clean queue and hash table.
+ */
+static void push_new(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct queue *q = e->dirty ? &mq->dirty : &mq->clean;
+	h_insert(&mq->table, e);
+	q_push(q, e);
+}
+
+static void push(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *sentinel;
+
+	h_insert(&mq->table, e);
+
+	/*
+	 * Punch this into the queue just in front of the sentinel, to
+	 * ensure it's cleaned straight away.
+	 */
+	if (e->dirty) {
+		sentinel = writeback_sentinel(mq, e->level);
+		q_push_before(&mq->dirty, sentinel, e);
+	} else {
+		sentinel = demote_sentinel(mq, e->level);
+		q_push_before(&mq->clean, sentinel, e);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Removes an entry from cache.  Removes from the hash table.
+ */
+static void __del(struct smq_policy *mq, struct queue *q, struct entry *e)
+{
+	q_del(q, e);
+	h_remove(&mq->table, e);
+}
+
+static void del(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
+{
+	__del(mq, e->dirty ? &mq->dirty : &mq->clean, e);
+}
+
+static struct entry *pop_old(struct smq_policy *mq, struct queue *q, unsigned max_level)
+{
+	struct entry *e = q_pop_old(q, max_level);
+	if (e)
+		h_remove(&mq->table, e);
+	return e;
+}
+
+static dm_cblock_t infer_cblock(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
+{
+	return to_cblock(get_index(&mq->cache_alloc, e));
+}
+
+static void requeue(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *e)
+{
+	struct entry *sentinel;
+
+	if (!test_and_set_bit(from_cblock(infer_cblock(mq, e)), mq->cache_hit_bits)) {
+		if (e->dirty) {
+			sentinel = writeback_sentinel(mq, e->level);
+			q_requeue_before(&mq->dirty, sentinel, e, 1u);
+		} else {
+			sentinel = demote_sentinel(mq, e->level);
+			q_requeue_before(&mq->clean, sentinel, e, 1u);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned default_promote_level(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The promote level depends on the current performance of the
+	 * cache.
+	 *
+	 * If the cache is performing badly, then we can't afford
+	 * to promote much without causing performance to drop below that
+	 * of the origin device.
+	 *
+	 * If the cache is performing well, then we don't need to promote
+	 * much.  If it isn't broken, don't fix it.
+	 *
+	 * If the cache is middling then we promote more.
+	 *
+	 * This scheme reminds me of a graph of entropy vs probability of a
+	 * binary variable.
+	 */
+	static unsigned table[] = {1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 7, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1};
+
+	unsigned hits = mq->cache_stats.hits;
+	unsigned misses = mq->cache_stats.misses;
+	unsigned index = safe_div(hits << 4u, hits + misses);
+	return table[index];
+}
+
+static void update_promote_levels(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If there are unused cache entries then we want to be really
+	 * eager to promote.
+	 */
+	unsigned threshold_level = allocator_empty(&mq->cache_alloc) ?
+		default_promote_level(mq) : (NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS / 2u);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the hotspot queue is performing badly then we have little
+	 * confidence that we know which blocks to promote.  So we cut down
+	 * the amount of promotions.
+	 */
+	switch (stats_assess(&mq->hotspot_stats)) {
+	case Q_POOR:
+		threshold_level /= 4u;
+		break;
+
+	case Q_FAIR:
+		threshold_level /= 2u;
+		break;
+
+	case Q_WELL:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	mq->read_promote_level = NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS - threshold_level;
+	mq->write_promote_level = (NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS - threshold_level) + 2u;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If the hotspot queue is performing badly, then we try and move entries
+ * around more quickly.
+ */
+static void update_level_jump(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	switch (stats_assess(&mq->hotspot_stats)) {
+	case Q_POOR:
+		mq->hotspot_level_jump = 4u;
+		break;
+
+	case Q_FAIR:
+		mq->hotspot_level_jump = 2u;
+		break;
+
+	case Q_WELL:
+		mq->hotspot_level_jump = 1u;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void end_hotspot_period(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	clear_bitset(mq->hotspot_hit_bits, mq->nr_hotspot_blocks);
+	update_promote_levels(mq);
+
+	if (time_after(jiffies, mq->next_hotspot_period)) {
+		update_level_jump(mq);
+		q_redistribute(&mq->hotspot);
+		stats_reset(&mq->hotspot_stats);
+		mq->next_hotspot_period = jiffies + HOTSPOT_UPDATE_PERIOD;
+	}
+}
+
+static void end_cache_period(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	if (time_after(jiffies, mq->next_cache_period)) {
+		clear_bitset(mq->cache_hit_bits, from_cblock(mq->cache_size));
+
+		q_redistribute(&mq->dirty);
+		q_redistribute(&mq->clean);
+		stats_reset(&mq->cache_stats);
+
+		mq->next_cache_period = jiffies + CACHE_UPDATE_PERIOD;
+	}
+}
+
+static int demote_cblock(struct smq_policy *mq,
+			 struct policy_locker *locker,
+			 dm_oblock_t *oblock)
+{
+	struct entry *demoted = q_peek(&mq->clean, mq->clean.nr_levels, false);
+	if (!demoted)
+		/*
+		 * We could get a block from mq->dirty, but that
+		 * would add extra latency to the triggering bio as it
+		 * waits for the writeback.  Better to not promote this
+		 * time and hope there's a clean block next time this block
+		 * is hit.
+		 */
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	if (locker->fn(locker, demoted->oblock))
+		/*
+		 * We couldn't lock this block.
+		 */
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	del(mq, demoted);
+	*oblock = demoted->oblock;
+	free_entry(&mq->cache_alloc, demoted);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum promote_result {
+	PROMOTE_NOT,
+	PROMOTE_TEMPORARY,
+	PROMOTE_PERMANENT
+};
+
+/*
+ * Converts a boolean into a promote result.
+ */
+static enum promote_result maybe_promote(bool promote)
+{
+	return promote ? PROMOTE_PERMANENT : PROMOTE_NOT;
+}
+
+static enum promote_result should_promote(struct smq_policy *mq, struct entry *hs_e, struct bio *bio,
+					  bool fast_promote)
+{
+	if (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE) {
+		if (!allocator_empty(&mq->cache_alloc) && fast_promote)
+			return PROMOTE_TEMPORARY;
+
+		else
+			return maybe_promote(hs_e->level >= mq->write_promote_level);
+	} else
+		return maybe_promote(hs_e->level >= mq->read_promote_level);
+}
+
+static void insert_in_cache(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock,
+			    struct policy_locker *locker,
+			    struct policy_result *result, enum promote_result pr)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	if (allocator_empty(&mq->cache_alloc)) {
+		result->op = POLICY_REPLACE;
+		r = demote_cblock(mq, locker, &result->old_oblock);
+		if (r) {
+			result->op = POLICY_MISS;
+			return;
+		}
+
+	} else
+		result->op = POLICY_NEW;
+
+	e = alloc_entry(&mq->cache_alloc);
+	BUG_ON(!e);
+	e->oblock = oblock;
+
+	if (pr == PROMOTE_TEMPORARY)
+		push(mq, e);
+	else
+		push_new(mq, e);
+
+	result->cblock = infer_cblock(mq, e);
+}
+
+static dm_oblock_t to_hblock(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t b)
+{
+	sector_t r = from_oblock(b);
+	(void) sector_div(r, mq->cache_blocks_per_hotspot_block);
+	return to_oblock(r);
+}
+
+static struct entry *update_hotspot_queue(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t b, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	unsigned hi;
+	dm_oblock_t hb = to_hblock(mq, b);
+	struct entry *e = h_lookup(&mq->hotspot_table, hb);
+
+	if (e) {
+		stats_level_accessed(&mq->hotspot_stats, e->level);
+
+		hi = get_index(&mq->hotspot_alloc, e);
+		q_requeue(&mq->hotspot, e,
+			  test_and_set_bit(hi, mq->hotspot_hit_bits) ?
+			  0u : mq->hotspot_level_jump);
+
+	} else {
+		stats_miss(&mq->hotspot_stats);
+
+		e = alloc_entry(&mq->hotspot_alloc);
+		if (!e) {
+			e = q_pop(&mq->hotspot);
+			if (e) {
+				h_remove(&mq->hotspot_table, e);
+				hi = get_index(&mq->hotspot_alloc, e);
+				clear_bit(hi, mq->hotspot_hit_bits);
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if (e) {
+			e->oblock = hb;
+			q_push(&mq->hotspot, e);
+			h_insert(&mq->hotspot_table, e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Looks the oblock up in the hash table, then decides whether to put in
+ * pre_cache, or cache etc.
+ */
+static int map(struct smq_policy *mq, struct bio *bio, dm_oblock_t oblock,
+	       bool can_migrate, bool fast_promote,
+	       struct policy_locker *locker, struct policy_result *result)
+{
+	struct entry *e, *hs_e;
+	enum promote_result pr;
+
+	hs_e = update_hotspot_queue(mq, oblock, bio);
+
+	e = h_lookup(&mq->table, oblock);
+	if (e) {
+		stats_level_accessed(&mq->cache_stats, e->level);
+
+		requeue(mq, e);
+		result->op = POLICY_HIT;
+		result->cblock = infer_cblock(mq, e);
+
+	} else {
+		stats_miss(&mq->cache_stats);
+
+		pr = should_promote(mq, hs_e, bio, fast_promote);
+		if (pr == PROMOTE_NOT)
+			result->op = POLICY_MISS;
+
+		else {
+			if (!can_migrate) {
+				result->op = POLICY_MISS;
+				return -EWOULDBLOCK;
+			}
+
+			insert_in_cache(mq, oblock, locker, result, pr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
+ * Public interface, via the policy struct.  See dm-cache-policy.h for a
+ * description of these.
+ */
+
+static struct smq_policy *to_smq_policy(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
+{
+	return container_of(p, struct smq_policy, policy);
+}
+
+static void smq_destroy(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	h_exit(&mq->hotspot_table);
+	h_exit(&mq->table);
+	free_bitset(mq->hotspot_hit_bits);
+	free_bitset(mq->cache_hit_bits);
+	space_exit(&mq->es);
+	kfree(mq);
+}
+
+static void copy_tick(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	unsigned long flags, tick;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
+	tick = mq->tick_protected;
+	if (tick != mq->tick) {
+		update_sentinels(mq);
+		end_hotspot_period(mq);
+		end_cache_period(mq);
+		mq->tick = tick;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static bool maybe_lock(struct smq_policy *mq, bool can_block)
+{
+	if (can_block) {
+		mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+		return true;
+	} else
+		return mutex_trylock(&mq->lock);
+}
+
+static int smq_map(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock,
+		   bool can_block, bool can_migrate, bool fast_promote,
+		   struct bio *bio, struct policy_locker *locker,
+		   struct policy_result *result)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	result->op = POLICY_MISS;
+
+	if (!maybe_lock(mq, can_block))
+		return -EWOULDBLOCK;
+
+	copy_tick(mq);
+	r = map(mq, bio, oblock, can_migrate, fast_promote, locker, result);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int smq_lookup(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock, dm_cblock_t *cblock)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	if (!mutex_trylock(&mq->lock))
+		return -EWOULDBLOCK;
+
+	e = h_lookup(&mq->table, oblock);
+	if (e) {
+		*cblock = infer_cblock(mq, e);
+		r = 0;
+	} else
+		r = -ENOENT;
+
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void __smq_set_clear_dirty(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock, bool set)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	e = h_lookup(&mq->table, oblock);
+	BUG_ON(!e);
+
+	del(mq, e);
+	e->dirty = set;
+	push(mq, e);
+}
+
+static void smq_set_dirty(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	__smq_set_clear_dirty(mq, oblock, true);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+}
+
+static void smq_clear_dirty(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	__smq_set_clear_dirty(mq, oblock, false);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+}
+
+static int smq_load_mapping(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
+			    dm_oblock_t oblock, dm_cblock_t cblock,
+			    uint32_t hint, bool hint_valid)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	e = alloc_particular_entry(&mq->cache_alloc, from_cblock(cblock));
+	e->oblock = oblock;
+	e->dirty = false;	/* this gets corrected in a minute */
+	e->level = hint_valid ? min(hint, NR_CACHE_LEVELS - 1) : 1;
+	push(mq, e);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int smq_save_hints(struct smq_policy *mq, struct queue *q,
+			  policy_walk_fn fn, void *context)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned level;
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	for (level = 0; level < q->nr_levels; level++)
+		for (e = l_head(q->es, q->qs + level); e; e = l_next(q->es, e)) {
+			if (!e->sentinel) {
+				r = fn(context, infer_cblock(mq, e),
+				       e->oblock, e->level);
+				if (r)
+					return r;
+			}
+		}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int smq_walk_mappings(struct dm_cache_policy *p, policy_walk_fn fn,
+			     void *context)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+	int r = 0;
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+
+	r = smq_save_hints(mq, &mq->clean, fn, context);
+	if (!r)
+		r = smq_save_hints(mq, &mq->dirty, fn, context);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void __remove_mapping(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t oblock)
+{
+	struct entry *e;
+
+	e = h_lookup(&mq->table, oblock);
+	BUG_ON(!e);
+
+	del(mq, e);
+	free_entry(&mq->cache_alloc, e);
+}
+
+static void smq_remove_mapping(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	__remove_mapping(mq, oblock);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+}
+
+static int __remove_cblock(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_cblock_t cblock)
+{
+	struct entry *e = get_entry(&mq->cache_alloc, from_cblock(cblock));
+
+	if (!e || !e->allocated)
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	del(mq, e);
+	free_entry(&mq->cache_alloc, e);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int smq_remove_cblock(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_cblock_t cblock)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	r = __remove_cblock(mq, cblock);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+#define CLEAN_TARGET_CRITICAL 5u /* percent */
+
+static bool clean_target_met(struct smq_policy *mq, bool critical)
+{
+	if (critical) {
+		/*
+		 * Cache entries may not be populated.  So we're cannot rely on the
+		 * size of the clean queue.
+		 */
+		unsigned nr_clean = from_cblock(mq->cache_size) - q_size(&mq->dirty);
+		unsigned target = from_cblock(mq->cache_size) * CLEAN_TARGET_CRITICAL / 100u;
+
+		return nr_clean >= target;
+	} else
+		return !q_size(&mq->dirty);
+}
+
+static int __smq_writeback_work(struct smq_policy *mq, dm_oblock_t *oblock,
+				dm_cblock_t *cblock, bool critical_only)
+{
+	struct entry *e = NULL;
+	bool target_met = clean_target_met(mq, critical_only);
+
+	if (critical_only)
+		/*
+		 * Always try and keep the bottom level clean.
+		 */
+		e = pop_old(mq, &mq->dirty, target_met ? 1u : mq->dirty.nr_levels);
+
+	else
+		e = pop_old(mq, &mq->dirty, mq->dirty.nr_levels);
+
+	if (!e)
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	*oblock = e->oblock;
+	*cblock = infer_cblock(mq, e);
+	e->dirty = false;
+	push_new(mq, e);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int smq_writeback_work(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t *oblock,
+			      dm_cblock_t *cblock, bool critical_only)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	r = __smq_writeback_work(mq, oblock, cblock, critical_only);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void __force_mapping(struct smq_policy *mq,
+			    dm_oblock_t current_oblock, dm_oblock_t new_oblock)
+{
+	struct entry *e = h_lookup(&mq->table, current_oblock);
+
+	if (e) {
+		del(mq, e);
+		e->oblock = new_oblock;
+		e->dirty = true;
+		push(mq, e);
+	}
+}
+
+static void smq_force_mapping(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
+			      dm_oblock_t current_oblock, dm_oblock_t new_oblock)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	__force_mapping(mq, current_oblock, new_oblock);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+}
+
+static dm_cblock_t smq_residency(struct dm_cache_policy *p)
+{
+	dm_cblock_t r;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+
+	mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+	r = to_cblock(mq->cache_alloc.nr_allocated);
+	mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static void smq_tick(struct dm_cache_policy *p, bool can_block)
+{
+	struct smq_policy *mq = to_smq_policy(p);
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
+	mq->tick_protected++;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mq->tick_lock, flags);
+
+	if (can_block) {
+		mutex_lock(&mq->lock);
+		copy_tick(mq);
+		mutex_unlock(&mq->lock);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Init the policy plugin interface function pointers. */
+static void init_policy_functions(struct smq_policy *mq)
+{
+	mq->policy.destroy = smq_destroy;
+	mq->policy.map = smq_map;
+	mq->policy.lookup = smq_lookup;
+	mq->policy.set_dirty = smq_set_dirty;
+	mq->policy.clear_dirty = smq_clear_dirty;
+	mq->policy.load_mapping = smq_load_mapping;
+	mq->policy.walk_mappings = smq_walk_mappings;
+	mq->policy.remove_mapping = smq_remove_mapping;
+	mq->policy.remove_cblock = smq_remove_cblock;
+	mq->policy.writeback_work = smq_writeback_work;
+	mq->policy.force_mapping = smq_force_mapping;
+	mq->policy.residency = smq_residency;
+	mq->policy.tick = smq_tick;
+}
+
+static bool too_many_hotspot_blocks(sector_t origin_size,
+				    sector_t hotspot_block_size,
+				    unsigned nr_hotspot_blocks)
+{
+	return (hotspot_block_size * nr_hotspot_blocks) > origin_size;
+}
+
+static void calc_hotspot_params(sector_t origin_size,
+				sector_t cache_block_size,
+				unsigned nr_cache_blocks,
+				sector_t *hotspot_block_size,
+				unsigned *nr_hotspot_blocks)
+{
+	*hotspot_block_size = cache_block_size * 16u;
+	*nr_hotspot_blocks = max(nr_cache_blocks / 4u, 1024u);
+
+	while ((*hotspot_block_size > cache_block_size) &&
+	       too_many_hotspot_blocks(origin_size, *hotspot_block_size, *nr_hotspot_blocks))
+		*hotspot_block_size /= 2u;
+}
+
+static struct dm_cache_policy *smq_create(dm_cblock_t cache_size,
+					  sector_t origin_size,
+					  sector_t cache_block_size)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	unsigned nr_sentinels_per_queue = 2u * NR_CACHE_LEVELS;
+	unsigned total_sentinels = 2u * nr_sentinels_per_queue;
+	struct smq_policy *mq = kzalloc(sizeof(*mq), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+	if (!mq)
+		return NULL;
+
+	init_policy_functions(mq);
+	mq->cache_size = cache_size;
+	mq->cache_block_size = cache_block_size;
+
+	calc_hotspot_params(origin_size, cache_block_size, from_cblock(cache_size),
+			    &mq->hotspot_block_size, &mq->nr_hotspot_blocks);
+
+	mq->cache_blocks_per_hotspot_block = div64_u64(mq->hotspot_block_size, mq->cache_block_size);
+	mq->hotspot_level_jump = 1u;
+	if (space_init(&mq->es, total_sentinels + mq->nr_hotspot_blocks + from_cblock(cache_size))) {
+		DMERR("couldn't initialize entry space");
+		goto bad_pool_init;
+	}
+
+	init_allocator(&mq->writeback_sentinel_alloc, &mq->es, 0, nr_sentinels_per_queue);
+        for (i = 0; i < nr_sentinels_per_queue; i++)
+		get_entry(&mq->writeback_sentinel_alloc, i)->sentinel = true;
+
+	init_allocator(&mq->demote_sentinel_alloc, &mq->es, nr_sentinels_per_queue, total_sentinels);
+        for (i = 0; i < nr_sentinels_per_queue; i++)
+		get_entry(&mq->demote_sentinel_alloc, i)->sentinel = true;
+
+	init_allocator(&mq->hotspot_alloc, &mq->es, total_sentinels,
+		       total_sentinels + mq->nr_hotspot_blocks);
+
+	init_allocator(&mq->cache_alloc, &mq->es,
+		       total_sentinels + mq->nr_hotspot_blocks,
+		       total_sentinels + mq->nr_hotspot_blocks + from_cblock(cache_size));
+
+	mq->hotspot_hit_bits = alloc_bitset(mq->nr_hotspot_blocks);
+	if (!mq->hotspot_hit_bits) {
+		DMERR("couldn't allocate hotspot hit bitset");
+		goto bad_hotspot_hit_bits;
+	}
+	clear_bitset(mq->hotspot_hit_bits, mq->nr_hotspot_blocks);
+
+	if (from_cblock(cache_size)) {
+		mq->cache_hit_bits = alloc_bitset(from_cblock(cache_size));
+		if (!mq->cache_hit_bits && mq->cache_hit_bits) {
+			DMERR("couldn't allocate cache hit bitset");
+			goto bad_cache_hit_bits;
+		}
+		clear_bitset(mq->cache_hit_bits, from_cblock(mq->cache_size));
+	} else
+		mq->cache_hit_bits = NULL;
+
+	mq->tick_protected = 0;
+	mq->tick = 0;
+	mutex_init(&mq->lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&mq->tick_lock);
+
+	q_init(&mq->hotspot, &mq->es, NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS);
+	mq->hotspot.nr_top_levels = 8;
+	mq->hotspot.nr_in_top_levels = min(mq->nr_hotspot_blocks / NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS,
+					   from_cblock(mq->cache_size) / mq->cache_blocks_per_hotspot_block);
+
+	q_init(&mq->clean, &mq->es, NR_CACHE_LEVELS);
+	q_init(&mq->dirty, &mq->es, NR_CACHE_LEVELS);
+
+	stats_init(&mq->hotspot_stats, NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS);
+	stats_init(&mq->cache_stats, NR_CACHE_LEVELS);
+
+	if (h_init(&mq->table, &mq->es, from_cblock(cache_size)))
+		goto bad_alloc_table;
+
+	if (h_init(&mq->hotspot_table, &mq->es, mq->nr_hotspot_blocks))
+		goto bad_alloc_hotspot_table;
+
+	sentinels_init(mq);
+	mq->write_promote_level = mq->read_promote_level = NR_HOTSPOT_LEVELS;
+
+	mq->next_hotspot_period = jiffies;
+	mq->next_cache_period = jiffies;
+
+	return &mq->policy;
+
+bad_alloc_hotspot_table:
+	h_exit(&mq->table);
+bad_alloc_table:
+	free_bitset(mq->cache_hit_bits);
+bad_cache_hit_bits:
+	free_bitset(mq->hotspot_hit_bits);
+bad_hotspot_hit_bits:
+	space_exit(&mq->es);
+bad_pool_init:
+	kfree(mq);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static struct dm_cache_policy_type smq_policy_type = {
+	.name = "smq",
+	.version = {1, 0, 0},
+	.hint_size = 4,
+	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
+	.create = smq_create
+};
+
+static struct dm_cache_policy_type default_policy_type = {
+	.name = "default",
+	.version = {1, 0, 0},
+	.hint_size = 4,
+	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
+	.create = smq_create,
+	.real = &smq_policy_type
+};
+
+static int __init smq_init(void)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	r = dm_cache_policy_register(&smq_policy_type);
+	if (r) {
+		DMERR("register failed %d", r);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	r = dm_cache_policy_register(&default_policy_type);
+	if (r) {
+		DMERR("register failed (as default) %d", r);
+		dm_cache_policy_unregister(&smq_policy_type);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit smq_exit(void)
+{
+	dm_cache_policy_unregister(&smq_policy_type);
+	dm_cache_policy_unregister(&default_policy_type);
+}
+
+module_init(smq_init);
+module_exit(smq_exit);
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Thornber <dm-devel@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("smq cache policy");
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy.h b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy.h
index f50fe360c546..05db56eedb6a 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-policy.h
@@ -70,6 +70,18 @@ enum policy_operation {
 };
 
 /*
+ * When issuing a POLICY_REPLACE the policy needs to make a callback to
+ * lock the block being demoted.  This doesn't need to occur during a
+ * writeback operation since the block remains in the cache.
+ */
+struct policy_locker;
+typedef int (*policy_lock_fn)(struct policy_locker *l, dm_oblock_t oblock);
+
+struct policy_locker {
+	policy_lock_fn fn;
+};
+
+/*
  * This is the instruction passed back to the core target.
  */
 struct policy_result {
@@ -122,7 +134,8 @@ struct dm_cache_policy {
 	 */
 	int (*map)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t oblock,
 		   bool can_block, bool can_migrate, bool discarded_oblock,
-		   struct bio *bio, struct policy_result *result);
+		   struct bio *bio, struct policy_locker *locker,
+		   struct policy_result *result);
 
 	/*
 	 * Sometimes we want to see if a block is in the cache, without
@@ -165,7 +178,9 @@ struct dm_cache_policy {
 	int (*remove_cblock)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_cblock_t cblock);
 
 	/*
-	 * Provide a dirty block to be written back by the core target.
+	 * Provide a dirty block to be written back by the core target.  If
+	 * critical_only is set then the policy should only provide work if
+	 * it urgently needs it.
 	 *
 	 * Returns:
 	 *
@@ -173,7 +188,8 @@ struct dm_cache_policy {
 	 *
 	 * -ENODATA: no dirty blocks available
 	 */
-	int (*writeback_work)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t *oblock, dm_cblock_t *cblock);
+	int (*writeback_work)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, dm_oblock_t *oblock, dm_cblock_t *cblock,
+			      bool critical_only);
 
 	/*
 	 * How full is the cache?
@@ -184,16 +200,16 @@ struct dm_cache_policy {
 	 * Because of where we sit in the block layer, we can be asked to
 	 * map a lot of little bios that are all in the same block (no
 	 * queue merging has occurred).  To stop the policy being fooled by
-	 * these the core target sends regular tick() calls to the policy.
+	 * these, the core target sends regular tick() calls to the policy.
 	 * The policy should only count an entry as hit once per tick.
 	 */
-	void (*tick)(struct dm_cache_policy *p);
+	void (*tick)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, bool can_block);
 
 	/*
 	 * Configuration.
 	 */
-	int (*emit_config_values)(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
-				  char *result, unsigned maxlen);
+	int (*emit_config_values)(struct dm_cache_policy *p, char *result,
+				  unsigned maxlen, ssize_t *sz_ptr);
 	int (*set_config_value)(struct dm_cache_policy *p,
 				const char *key, const char *value);
 
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c b/drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c
index 41b2594a80c6..1b4e1756b169 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c
@@ -25,44 +25,93 @@ DECLARE_DM_KCOPYD_THROTTLE_WITH_MODULE_PARM(cache_copy_throttle,
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-/*
- * Glossary:
- *
- * oblock: index of an origin block
- * cblock: index of a cache block
- * promotion: movement of a block from origin to cache
- * demotion: movement of a block from cache to origin
- * migration: movement of a block between the origin and cache device,
- *	      either direction
- */
+#define IOT_RESOLUTION 4
 
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+struct io_tracker {
+	spinlock_t lock;
 
-static size_t bitset_size_in_bytes(unsigned nr_entries)
+	/*
+	 * Sectors of in-flight IO.
+	 */
+	sector_t in_flight;
+
+	/*
+	 * The time, in jiffies, when this device became idle (if it is
+	 * indeed idle).
+	 */
+	unsigned long idle_time;
+	unsigned long last_update_time;
+};
+
+static void iot_init(struct io_tracker *iot)
 {
-	return sizeof(unsigned long) * dm_div_up(nr_entries, BITS_PER_LONG);
+	spin_lock_init(&iot->lock);
+	iot->in_flight = 0ul;
+	iot->idle_time = 0ul;
+	iot->last_update_time = jiffies;
 }
 
-static unsigned long *alloc_bitset(unsigned nr_entries)
+static bool __iot_idle_for(struct io_tracker *iot, unsigned long jifs)
 {
-	size_t s = bitset_size_in_bytes(nr_entries);
-	return vzalloc(s);
+	if (iot->in_flight)
+		return false;
+
+	return time_after(jiffies, iot->idle_time + jifs);
 }
 
-static void clear_bitset(void *bitset, unsigned nr_entries)
+static bool iot_idle_for(struct io_tracker *iot, unsigned long jifs)
 {
-	size_t s = bitset_size_in_bytes(nr_entries);
-	memset(bitset, 0, s);
+	bool r;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&iot->lock, flags);
+	r = __iot_idle_for(iot, jifs);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iot->lock, flags);
+
+	return r;
 }
 
-static void free_bitset(unsigned long *bits)
+static void iot_io_begin(struct io_tracker *iot, sector_t len)
 {
-	vfree(bits);
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&iot->lock, flags);
+	iot->in_flight += len;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iot->lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void __iot_io_end(struct io_tracker *iot, sector_t len)
+{
+	iot->in_flight -= len;
+	if (!iot->in_flight)
+		iot->idle_time = jiffies;
+}
+
+static void iot_io_end(struct io_tracker *iot, sector_t len)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&iot->lock, flags);
+	__iot_io_end(iot, len);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iot->lock, flags);
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 /*
+ * Glossary:
+ *
+ * oblock: index of an origin block
+ * cblock: index of a cache block
+ * promotion: movement of a block from origin to cache
+ * demotion: movement of a block from cache to origin
+ * migration: movement of a block between the origin and cache device,
+ *	      either direction
+ */
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*
  * There are a couple of places where we let a bio run, but want to do some
  * work before calling its endio function.  We do this by temporarily
  * changing the endio fn.
@@ -101,12 +150,10 @@ static void dm_unhook_bio(struct dm_hook_info *h, struct bio *bio)
 #define DATA_DEV_BLOCK_SIZE_MIN_SECTORS (32 * 1024 >> SECTOR_SHIFT)
 #define DATA_DEV_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX_SECTORS (1024 * 1024 * 1024 >> SECTOR_SHIFT)
 
-/*
- * FIXME: the cache is read/write for the time being.
- */
 enum cache_metadata_mode {
 	CM_WRITE,		/* metadata may be changed */
 	CM_READ_ONLY,		/* metadata may not be changed */
+	CM_FAIL
 };
 
 enum cache_io_mode {
@@ -208,6 +255,7 @@ struct cache {
 	int sectors_per_block_shift;
 
 	spinlock_t lock;
+	struct list_head deferred_cells;
 	struct bio_list deferred_bios;
 	struct bio_list deferred_flush_bios;
 	struct bio_list deferred_writethrough_bios;
@@ -282,6 +330,8 @@ struct cache {
 	 */
 	spinlock_t invalidation_lock;
 	struct list_head invalidation_requests;
+
+	struct io_tracker origin_tracker;
 };
 
 struct per_bio_data {
@@ -289,6 +339,7 @@ struct per_bio_data {
 	unsigned req_nr:2;
 	struct dm_deferred_entry *all_io_entry;
 	struct dm_hook_info hook_info;
+	sector_t len;
 
 	/*
 	 * writethrough fields.  These MUST remain at the end of this
@@ -332,6 +383,8 @@ struct prealloc {
 	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell2;
 };
 
+static enum cache_metadata_mode get_cache_mode(struct cache *cache);
+
 static void wake_worker(struct cache *cache)
 {
 	queue_work(cache->wq, &cache->worker);
@@ -365,10 +418,13 @@ static struct dm_cache_migration *alloc_migration(struct cache *cache)
 
 static void free_migration(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 {
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mg->cache->nr_allocated_migrations))
-		wake_up(&mg->cache->migration_wait);
+	struct cache *cache = mg->cache;
+
+	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&cache->nr_allocated_migrations))
+		wake_up(&cache->migration_wait);
 
-	mempool_free(mg, mg->cache->migration_pool);
+	mempool_free(mg, cache->migration_pool);
+	wake_worker(cache);
 }
 
 static int prealloc_data_structs(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *p)
@@ -643,6 +699,9 @@ static void save_stats(struct cache *cache)
 {
 	struct dm_cache_statistics stats;
 
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return;
+
 	stats.read_hits = atomic_read(&cache->stats.read_hit);
 	stats.read_misses = atomic_read(&cache->stats.read_miss);
 	stats.write_hits = atomic_read(&cache->stats.write_hit);
@@ -695,6 +754,7 @@ static struct per_bio_data *init_per_bio_data(struct bio *bio, size_t data_size)
 	pb->tick = false;
 	pb->req_nr = dm_bio_get_target_bio_nr(bio);
 	pb->all_io_entry = NULL;
+	pb->len = 0;
 
 	return pb;
 }
@@ -792,12 +852,43 @@ static void inc_ds(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio,
 	pb->all_io_entry = dm_deferred_entry_inc(cache->all_io_ds);
 }
 
+static bool accountable_bio(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	return ((bio->bi_bdev == cache->origin_dev->bdev) &&
+		!(bio->bi_rw & REQ_DISCARD));
+}
+
+static void accounted_begin(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	size_t pb_data_size = get_per_bio_data_size(cache);
+	struct per_bio_data *pb = get_per_bio_data(bio, pb_data_size);
+
+	if (accountable_bio(cache, bio)) {
+		pb->len = bio_sectors(bio);
+		iot_io_begin(&cache->origin_tracker, pb->len);
+	}
+}
+
+static void accounted_complete(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	size_t pb_data_size = get_per_bio_data_size(cache);
+	struct per_bio_data *pb = get_per_bio_data(bio, pb_data_size);
+
+	iot_io_end(&cache->origin_tracker, pb->len);
+}
+
+static void accounted_request(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
+{
+	accounted_begin(cache, bio);
+	generic_make_request(bio);
+}
+
 static void issue(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	if (!bio_triggers_commit(cache, bio)) {
-		generic_make_request(bio);
+		accounted_request(cache, bio);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -870,6 +961,94 @@ static void remap_to_origin_then_cache(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio,
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Failure modes
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------*/
+static enum cache_metadata_mode get_cache_mode(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	return cache->features.mode;
+}
+
+static const char *cache_device_name(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	return dm_device_name(dm_table_get_md(cache->ti->table));
+}
+
+static void notify_mode_switch(struct cache *cache, enum cache_metadata_mode mode)
+{
+	const char *descs[] = {
+		"write",
+		"read-only",
+		"fail"
+	};
+
+	dm_table_event(cache->ti->table);
+	DMINFO("%s: switching cache to %s mode",
+	       cache_device_name(cache), descs[(int)mode]);
+}
+
+static void set_cache_mode(struct cache *cache, enum cache_metadata_mode new_mode)
+{
+	bool needs_check = dm_cache_metadata_needs_check(cache->cmd);
+	enum cache_metadata_mode old_mode = get_cache_mode(cache);
+
+	if (new_mode == CM_WRITE && needs_check) {
+		DMERR("%s: unable to switch cache to write mode until repaired.",
+		      cache_device_name(cache));
+		if (old_mode != new_mode)
+			new_mode = old_mode;
+		else
+			new_mode = CM_READ_ONLY;
+	}
+
+	/* Never move out of fail mode */
+	if (old_mode == CM_FAIL)
+		new_mode = CM_FAIL;
+
+	switch (new_mode) {
+	case CM_FAIL:
+	case CM_READ_ONLY:
+		dm_cache_metadata_set_read_only(cache->cmd);
+		break;
+
+	case CM_WRITE:
+		dm_cache_metadata_set_read_write(cache->cmd);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	cache->features.mode = new_mode;
+
+	if (new_mode != old_mode)
+		notify_mode_switch(cache, new_mode);
+}
+
+static void abort_transaction(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	const char *dev_name = cache_device_name(cache);
+
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return;
+
+	if (dm_cache_metadata_set_needs_check(cache->cmd)) {
+		DMERR("%s: failed to set 'needs_check' flag in metadata", dev_name);
+		set_cache_mode(cache, CM_FAIL);
+	}
+
+	DMERR_LIMIT("%s: aborting current metadata transaction", dev_name);
+	if (dm_cache_metadata_abort(cache->cmd)) {
+		DMERR("%s: failed to abort metadata transaction", dev_name);
+		set_cache_mode(cache, CM_FAIL);
+	}
+}
+
+static void metadata_operation_failed(struct cache *cache, const char *op, int r)
+{
+	DMERR_LIMIT("%s: metadata operation '%s' failed: error = %d",
+		    cache_device_name(cache), op, r);
+	abort_transaction(cache);
+	set_cache_mode(cache, CM_READ_ONLY);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------
  * Migration processing
  *
  * Migration covers moving data from the origin device to the cache, or
@@ -885,26 +1064,63 @@ static void dec_io_migrations(struct cache *cache)
 	atomic_dec(&cache->nr_io_migrations);
 }
 
-static void __cell_defer(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell,
-			 bool holder)
+static void __cell_release(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell,
+			   bool holder, struct bio_list *bios)
 {
 	(holder ? dm_cell_release : dm_cell_release_no_holder)
-		(cache->prison, cell, &cache->deferred_bios);
+		(cache->prison, cell, bios);
 	free_prison_cell(cache, cell);
 }
 
-static void cell_defer(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell,
-		       bool holder)
+static bool discard_or_flush(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	return bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA | REQ_DISCARD);
+}
+
+static void __cell_defer(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+{
+	if (discard_or_flush(cell->holder))
+		/*
+		 * We have to handle these bios
+		 * individually.
+		 */
+		__cell_release(cache, cell, true, &cache->deferred_bios);
+
+	else
+		list_add_tail(&cell->user_list, &cache->deferred_cells);
+}
+
+static void cell_defer(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell, bool holder)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 
+	if (!holder && dm_cell_promote_or_release(cache->prison, cell)) {
+		/*
+		 * There was no prisoner to promote to holder, the
+		 * cell has been released.
+		 */
+		free_prison_cell(cache, cell);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
-	__cell_defer(cache, cell, holder);
+	__cell_defer(cache, cell);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
 
 	wake_worker(cache);
 }
 
+static void cell_error_with_code(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell, int err)
+{
+	dm_cell_error(cache->prison, cell, err);
+	dm_bio_prison_free_cell(cache->prison, cell);
+}
+
+static void cell_requeue(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+{
+	cell_error_with_code(cache, cell, DM_ENDIO_REQUEUE);
+}
+
 static void free_io_migration(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 {
 	dec_io_migrations(mg->cache);
@@ -914,21 +1130,22 @@ static void free_io_migration(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 static void migration_failure(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 {
 	struct cache *cache = mg->cache;
+	const char *dev_name = cache_device_name(cache);
 
 	if (mg->writeback) {
-		DMWARN_LIMIT("writeback failed; couldn't copy block");
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: writeback failed; couldn't copy block", dev_name);
 		set_dirty(cache, mg->old_oblock, mg->cblock);
 		cell_defer(cache, mg->old_ocell, false);
 
 	} else if (mg->demote) {
-		DMWARN_LIMIT("demotion failed; couldn't copy block");
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: demotion failed; couldn't copy block", dev_name);
 		policy_force_mapping(cache->policy, mg->new_oblock, mg->old_oblock);
 
 		cell_defer(cache, mg->old_ocell, mg->promote ? false : true);
 		if (mg->promote)
 			cell_defer(cache, mg->new_ocell, true);
 	} else {
-		DMWARN_LIMIT("promotion failed; couldn't copy block");
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: promotion failed; couldn't copy block", dev_name);
 		policy_remove_mapping(cache->policy, mg->new_oblock);
 		cell_defer(cache, mg->new_ocell, true);
 	}
@@ -938,6 +1155,7 @@ static void migration_failure(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 
 static void migration_success_pre_commit(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 {
+	int r;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	struct cache *cache = mg->cache;
 
@@ -948,8 +1166,11 @@ static void migration_success_pre_commit(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 		return;
 
 	} else if (mg->demote) {
-		if (dm_cache_remove_mapping(cache->cmd, mg->cblock)) {
-			DMWARN_LIMIT("demotion failed; couldn't update on disk metadata");
+		r = dm_cache_remove_mapping(cache->cmd, mg->cblock);
+		if (r) {
+			DMERR_LIMIT("%s: demotion failed; couldn't update on disk metadata",
+				    cache_device_name(cache));
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_remove_mapping", r);
 			policy_force_mapping(cache->policy, mg->new_oblock,
 					     mg->old_oblock);
 			if (mg->promote)
@@ -958,8 +1179,11 @@ static void migration_success_pre_commit(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 			return;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (dm_cache_insert_mapping(cache->cmd, mg->cblock, mg->new_oblock)) {
-			DMWARN_LIMIT("promotion failed; couldn't update on disk metadata");
+		r = dm_cache_insert_mapping(cache->cmd, mg->cblock, mg->new_oblock);
+		if (r) {
+			DMERR_LIMIT("%s: promotion failed; couldn't update on disk metadata",
+				    cache_device_name(cache));
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_insert_mapping", r);
 			policy_remove_mapping(cache->policy, mg->new_oblock);
 			free_io_migration(mg);
 			return;
@@ -978,7 +1202,8 @@ static void migration_success_post_commit(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 	struct cache *cache = mg->cache;
 
 	if (mg->writeback) {
-		DMWARN("writeback unexpectedly triggered commit");
+		DMWARN_LIMIT("%s: writeback unexpectedly triggered commit",
+			     cache_device_name(cache));
 		return;
 
 	} else if (mg->demote) {
@@ -1054,7 +1279,7 @@ static void issue_copy(struct dm_cache_migration *mg)
 	}
 
 	if (r < 0) {
-		DMERR_LIMIT("issuing migration failed");
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: issuing migration failed", cache_device_name(cache));
 		migration_failure(mg);
 	}
 }
@@ -1093,7 +1318,7 @@ static void issue_overwrite(struct dm_cache_migration *mg, struct bio *bio)
 	 * No need to inc_ds() here, since the cell will be held for the
 	 * duration of the io.
 	 */
-	generic_make_request(bio);
+	accounted_request(mg->cache, bio);
 }
 
 static bool bio_writes_complete_block(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
@@ -1439,32 +1664,154 @@ static void inc_miss_counter(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio)
 		   &cache->stats.read_miss : &cache->stats.write_miss);
 }
 
-static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
-			struct bio *bio)
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct inc_detail {
+	struct cache *cache;
+	struct bio_list bios_for_issue;
+	struct bio_list unhandled_bios;
+	bool any_writes;
+};
+
+static void inc_fn(void *context, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+	struct inc_detail *detail = context;
+	struct cache *cache = detail->cache;
+
+	inc_ds(cache, cell->holder, cell);
+	if (bio_data_dir(cell->holder) == WRITE)
+		detail->any_writes = true;
+
+	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&cell->bios))) {
+		if (discard_or_flush(bio)) {
+			bio_list_add(&detail->unhandled_bios, bio);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE)
+			detail->any_writes = true;
+
+		bio_list_add(&detail->bios_for_issue, bio);
+		inc_ds(cache, bio, cell);
+	}
+}
+
+// FIXME: refactor these two
+static void remap_cell_to_origin_clear_discard(struct cache *cache,
+					       struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell,
+					       dm_oblock_t oblock, bool issue_holder)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct inc_detail detail;
+
+	detail.cache = cache;
+	bio_list_init(&detail.bios_for_issue);
+	bio_list_init(&detail.unhandled_bios);
+	detail.any_writes = false;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
+	dm_cell_visit_release(cache->prison, inc_fn, &detail, cell);
+	bio_list_merge(&cache->deferred_bios, &detail.unhandled_bios);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
+
+	remap_to_origin(cache, cell->holder);
+	if (issue_holder)
+		issue(cache, cell->holder);
+	else
+		accounted_begin(cache, cell->holder);
+
+	if (detail.any_writes)
+		clear_discard(cache, oblock_to_dblock(cache, oblock));
+
+	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&detail.bios_for_issue))) {
+		remap_to_origin(cache, bio);
+		issue(cache, bio);
+	}
+}
+
+static void remap_cell_to_cache_dirty(struct cache *cache, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell,
+				      dm_oblock_t oblock, dm_cblock_t cblock, bool issue_holder)
+{
+	struct bio *bio;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct inc_detail detail;
+
+	detail.cache = cache;
+	bio_list_init(&detail.bios_for_issue);
+	bio_list_init(&detail.unhandled_bios);
+	detail.any_writes = false;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
+	dm_cell_visit_release(cache->prison, inc_fn, &detail, cell);
+	bio_list_merge(&cache->deferred_bios, &detail.unhandled_bios);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
+
+	remap_to_cache(cache, cell->holder, cblock);
+	if (issue_holder)
+		issue(cache, cell->holder);
+	else
+		accounted_begin(cache, cell->holder);
+
+	if (detail.any_writes) {
+		set_dirty(cache, oblock, cblock);
+		clear_discard(cache, oblock_to_dblock(cache, oblock));
+	}
+
+	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&detail.bios_for_issue))) {
+		remap_to_cache(cache, bio, cblock);
+		issue(cache, bio);
+	}
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+struct old_oblock_lock {
+	struct policy_locker locker;
+	struct cache *cache;
+	struct prealloc *structs;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell;
+};
+
+static int null_locker(struct policy_locker *locker, dm_oblock_t b)
+{
+	/* This should never be called */
+	BUG();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cell_locker(struct policy_locker *locker, dm_oblock_t b)
+{
+	struct old_oblock_lock *l = container_of(locker, struct old_oblock_lock, locker);
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell_prealloc = prealloc_get_cell(l->structs);
+
+	return bio_detain(l->cache, b, NULL, cell_prealloc,
+			  (cell_free_fn) prealloc_put_cell,
+			  l->structs, &l->cell);
+}
+
+static void process_cell(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
+			 struct dm_bio_prison_cell *new_ocell)
 {
 	int r;
 	bool release_cell = true;
+	struct bio *bio = new_ocell->holder;
 	dm_oblock_t block = get_bio_block(cache, bio);
-	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell_prealloc, *old_ocell, *new_ocell;
 	struct policy_result lookup_result;
 	bool passthrough = passthrough_mode(&cache->features);
-	bool discarded_block, can_migrate;
-
-	/*
-	 * Check to see if that block is currently migrating.
-	 */
-	cell_prealloc = prealloc_get_cell(structs);
-	r = bio_detain(cache, block, bio, cell_prealloc,
-		       (cell_free_fn) prealloc_put_cell,
-		       structs, &new_ocell);
-	if (r > 0)
-		return;
+	bool fast_promotion, can_migrate;
+	struct old_oblock_lock ool;
 
-	discarded_block = is_discarded_oblock(cache, block);
-	can_migrate = !passthrough && (discarded_block || spare_migration_bandwidth(cache));
+	fast_promotion = is_discarded_oblock(cache, block) || bio_writes_complete_block(cache, bio);
+	can_migrate = !passthrough && (fast_promotion || spare_migration_bandwidth(cache));
 
-	r = policy_map(cache->policy, block, true, can_migrate, discarded_block,
-		       bio, &lookup_result);
+	ool.locker.fn = cell_locker;
+	ool.cache = cache;
+	ool.structs = structs;
+	ool.cell = NULL;
+	r = policy_map(cache->policy, block, true, can_migrate, fast_promotion,
+		       bio, &ool.locker, &lookup_result);
 
 	if (r == -EWOULDBLOCK)
 		/* migration has been denied */
@@ -1500,9 +1847,9 @@ static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
 				remap_to_origin_then_cache(cache, bio, block, lookup_result.cblock);
 				inc_and_issue(cache, bio, new_ocell);
 
-			} else  {
-				remap_to_cache_dirty(cache, bio, block, lookup_result.cblock);
-				inc_and_issue(cache, bio, new_ocell);
+			} else {
+				remap_cell_to_cache_dirty(cache, new_ocell, block, lookup_result.cblock, true);
+				release_cell = false;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1510,8 +1857,8 @@ static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
 
 	case POLICY_MISS:
 		inc_miss_counter(cache, bio);
-		remap_to_origin_clear_discard(cache, bio, block);
-		inc_and_issue(cache, bio, new_ocell);
+		remap_cell_to_origin_clear_discard(cache, new_ocell, block, true);
+		release_cell = false;
 		break;
 
 	case POLICY_NEW:
@@ -1521,32 +1868,17 @@ static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
 		break;
 
 	case POLICY_REPLACE:
-		cell_prealloc = prealloc_get_cell(structs);
-		r = bio_detain(cache, lookup_result.old_oblock, bio, cell_prealloc,
-			       (cell_free_fn) prealloc_put_cell,
-			       structs, &old_ocell);
-		if (r > 0) {
-			/*
-			 * We have to be careful to avoid lock inversion of
-			 * the cells.  So we back off, and wait for the
-			 * old_ocell to become free.
-			 */
-			policy_force_mapping(cache->policy, block,
-					     lookup_result.old_oblock);
-			atomic_inc(&cache->stats.cache_cell_clash);
-			break;
-		}
 		atomic_inc(&cache->stats.demotion);
 		atomic_inc(&cache->stats.promotion);
-
 		demote_then_promote(cache, structs, lookup_result.old_oblock,
 				    block, lookup_result.cblock,
-				    old_ocell, new_ocell);
+				    ool.cell, new_ocell);
 		release_cell = false;
 		break;
 
 	default:
-		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: erroring bio, unknown policy op: %u", __func__,
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: %s: erroring bio, unknown policy op: %u",
+			    cache_device_name(cache), __func__,
 			    (unsigned) lookup_result.op);
 		bio_io_error(bio);
 	}
@@ -1555,10 +1887,48 @@ static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
 		cell_defer(cache, new_ocell, false);
 }
 
+static void process_bio(struct cache *cache, struct prealloc *structs,
+			struct bio *bio)
+{
+	int r;
+	dm_oblock_t block = get_bio_block(cache, bio);
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell_prealloc, *new_ocell;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check to see if that block is currently migrating.
+	 */
+	cell_prealloc = prealloc_get_cell(structs);
+	r = bio_detain(cache, block, bio, cell_prealloc,
+		       (cell_free_fn) prealloc_put_cell,
+		       structs, &new_ocell);
+	if (r > 0)
+		return;
+
+	process_cell(cache, structs, new_ocell);
+}
+
 static int need_commit_due_to_time(struct cache *cache)
 {
-	return !time_in_range(jiffies, cache->last_commit_jiffies,
-			      cache->last_commit_jiffies + COMMIT_PERIOD);
+	return jiffies < cache->last_commit_jiffies ||
+	       jiffies > cache->last_commit_jiffies + COMMIT_PERIOD;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A non-zero return indicates read_only or fail_io mode.
+ */
+static int commit(struct cache *cache, bool clean_shutdown)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	atomic_inc(&cache->stats.commit_count);
+	r = dm_cache_commit(cache->cmd, clean_shutdown);
+	if (r)
+		metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_commit", r);
+
+	return r;
 }
 
 static int commit_if_needed(struct cache *cache)
@@ -1567,9 +1937,8 @@ static int commit_if_needed(struct cache *cache)
 
 	if ((cache->commit_requested || need_commit_due_to_time(cache)) &&
 	    dm_cache_changed_this_transaction(cache->cmd)) {
-		atomic_inc(&cache->stats.commit_count);
+		r = commit(cache, false);
 		cache->commit_requested = false;
-		r = dm_cache_commit(cache->cmd, false);
 		cache->last_commit_jiffies = jiffies;
 	}
 
@@ -1617,6 +1986,40 @@ static void process_deferred_bios(struct cache *cache)
 	prealloc_free_structs(cache, &structs);
 }
 
+static void process_deferred_cells(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell, *tmp;
+	struct list_head cells;
+	struct prealloc structs;
+
+	memset(&structs, 0, sizeof(structs));
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cells);
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
+	list_splice_init(&cache->deferred_cells, &cells);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(cell, tmp, &cells, user_list) {
+		/*
+		 * If we've got no free migration structs, and processing
+		 * this bio might require one, we pause until there are some
+		 * prepared mappings to process.
+		 */
+		if (prealloc_data_structs(cache, &structs)) {
+			spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
+			list_splice(&cells, &cache->deferred_cells);
+			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		process_cell(cache, &structs, cell);
+	}
+
+	prealloc_free_structs(cache, &structs);
+}
+
 static void process_deferred_flush_bios(struct cache *cache, bool submit_bios)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -1634,7 +2037,7 @@ static void process_deferred_flush_bios(struct cache *cache, bool submit_bios)
 	 * These bios have already been through inc_ds()
 	 */
 	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bios)))
-		submit_bios ? generic_make_request(bio) : bio_io_error(bio);
+		submit_bios ? accounted_request(cache, bio) : bio_io_error(bio);
 }
 
 static void process_deferred_writethrough_bios(struct cache *cache)
@@ -1654,7 +2057,7 @@ static void process_deferred_writethrough_bios(struct cache *cache)
 	 * These bios have already been through inc_ds()
 	 */
 	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bios)))
-		generic_make_request(bio);
+		accounted_request(cache, bio);
 }
 
 static void writeback_some_dirty_blocks(struct cache *cache)
@@ -1664,6 +2067,7 @@ static void writeback_some_dirty_blocks(struct cache *cache)
 	dm_cblock_t cblock;
 	struct prealloc structs;
 	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *old_ocell;
+	bool busy = !iot_idle_for(&cache->origin_tracker, HZ);
 
 	memset(&structs, 0, sizeof(structs));
 
@@ -1671,7 +2075,7 @@ static void writeback_some_dirty_blocks(struct cache *cache)
 		if (prealloc_data_structs(cache, &structs))
 			break;
 
-		r = policy_writeback_work(cache->policy, &oblock, &cblock);
+		r = policy_writeback_work(cache->policy, &oblock, &cblock, busy);
 		if (r)
 			break;
 
@@ -1702,15 +2106,17 @@ static void process_invalidation_request(struct cache *cache, struct invalidatio
 		r = policy_remove_cblock(cache->policy, to_cblock(begin));
 		if (!r) {
 			r = dm_cache_remove_mapping(cache->cmd, to_cblock(begin));
-			if (r)
+			if (r) {
+				metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_remove_mapping", r);
 				break;
+			}
 
 		} else if (r == -ENODATA) {
 			/* harmless, already unmapped */
 			r = 0;
 
 		} else {
-			DMERR("policy_remove_cblock failed");
+			DMERR("%s: policy_remove_cblock failed", cache_device_name(cache));
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -1783,7 +2189,22 @@ static void stop_worker(struct cache *cache)
 	flush_workqueue(cache->wq);
 }
 
-static void requeue_deferred_io(struct cache *cache)
+static void requeue_deferred_cells(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	struct list_head cells;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell, *tmp;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cells);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
+	list_splice_init(&cache->deferred_cells, &cells);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&cache->lock, flags);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(cell, tmp, &cells, user_list)
+		cell_requeue(cache, cell);
+}
+
+static void requeue_deferred_bios(struct cache *cache)
 {
 	struct bio *bio;
 	struct bio_list bios;
@@ -1804,6 +2225,7 @@ static int more_work(struct cache *cache)
 			!list_empty(&cache->need_commit_migrations);
 	else
 		return !bio_list_empty(&cache->deferred_bios) ||
+			!list_empty(&cache->deferred_cells) ||
 			!bio_list_empty(&cache->deferred_flush_bios) ||
 			!bio_list_empty(&cache->deferred_writethrough_bios) ||
 			!list_empty(&cache->quiesced_migrations) ||
@@ -1821,6 +2243,7 @@ static void do_worker(struct work_struct *ws)
 			writeback_some_dirty_blocks(cache);
 			process_deferred_writethrough_bios(cache);
 			process_deferred_bios(cache);
+			process_deferred_cells(cache);
 			process_invalidation_requests(cache);
 		}
 
@@ -1830,11 +2253,6 @@ static void do_worker(struct work_struct *ws)
 		if (commit_if_needed(cache)) {
 			process_deferred_flush_bios(cache, false);
 			process_migrations(cache, &cache->need_commit_migrations, migration_failure);
-
-			/*
-			 * FIXME: rollback metadata or just go into a
-			 * failure mode and error everything
-			 */
 		} else {
 			process_deferred_flush_bios(cache, true);
 			process_migrations(cache, &cache->need_commit_migrations,
@@ -1853,7 +2271,7 @@ static void do_worker(struct work_struct *ws)
 static void do_waker(struct work_struct *ws)
 {
 	struct cache *cache = container_of(to_delayed_work(ws), struct cache, waker);
-	policy_tick(cache->policy);
+	policy_tick(cache->policy, true);
 	wake_worker(cache);
 	queue_delayed_work(cache->wq, &cache->waker, COMMIT_PERIOD);
 }
@@ -2407,6 +2825,12 @@ static int cache_create(struct cache_args *ca, struct cache **result)
 		goto bad;
 	}
 	cache->cmd = cmd;
+	set_cache_mode(cache, CM_WRITE);
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) != CM_WRITE) {
+		*error = "Unable to get write access to metadata, please check/repair metadata.";
+		r = -EINVAL;
+		goto bad;
+	}
 
 	if (passthrough_mode(&cache->features)) {
 		bool all_clean;
@@ -2425,6 +2849,7 @@ static int cache_create(struct cache_args *ca, struct cache **result)
 	}
 
 	spin_lock_init(&cache->lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cache->deferred_cells);
 	bio_list_init(&cache->deferred_bios);
 	bio_list_init(&cache->deferred_flush_bios);
 	bio_list_init(&cache->deferred_writethrough_bios);
@@ -2514,6 +2939,8 @@ static int cache_create(struct cache_args *ca, struct cache **result)
 	spin_lock_init(&cache->invalidation_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cache->invalidation_requests);
 
+	iot_init(&cache->origin_tracker);
+
 	*result = cache;
 	return 0;
 
@@ -2580,15 +3007,23 @@ out:
 	return r;
 }
 
-static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_prison_cell **cell)
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static int cache_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
 {
+	struct cache *cache = ti->private;
+
 	int r;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell = NULL;
 	dm_oblock_t block = get_bio_block(cache, bio);
 	size_t pb_data_size = get_per_bio_data_size(cache);
 	bool can_migrate = false;
-	bool discarded_block;
+	bool fast_promotion;
 	struct policy_result lookup_result;
 	struct per_bio_data *pb = init_per_bio_data(bio, pb_data_size);
+	struct old_oblock_lock ool;
+
+	ool.locker.fn = null_locker;
 
 	if (unlikely(from_oblock(block) >= from_oblock(cache->origin_blocks))) {
 		/*
@@ -2597,10 +3032,11 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 		 * Just remap to the origin and carry on.
 		 */
 		remap_to_origin(cache, bio);
+		accounted_begin(cache, bio);
 		return DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED;
 	}
 
-	if (bio->bi_rw & (REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA | REQ_DISCARD)) {
+	if (discard_or_flush(bio)) {
 		defer_bio(cache, bio);
 		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 	}
@@ -2608,15 +3044,15 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 	/*
 	 * Check to see if that block is currently migrating.
 	 */
-	*cell = alloc_prison_cell(cache);
-	if (!*cell) {
+	cell = alloc_prison_cell(cache);
+	if (!cell) {
 		defer_bio(cache, bio);
 		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 	}
 
-	r = bio_detain(cache, block, bio, *cell,
+	r = bio_detain(cache, block, bio, cell,
 		       (cell_free_fn) free_prison_cell,
-		       cache, cell);
+		       cache, &cell);
 	if (r) {
 		if (r < 0)
 			defer_bio(cache, bio);
@@ -2624,17 +3060,18 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 	}
 
-	discarded_block = is_discarded_oblock(cache, block);
+	fast_promotion = is_discarded_oblock(cache, block) || bio_writes_complete_block(cache, bio);
 
-	r = policy_map(cache->policy, block, false, can_migrate, discarded_block,
-		       bio, &lookup_result);
+	r = policy_map(cache->policy, block, false, can_migrate, fast_promotion,
+		       bio, &ool.locker, &lookup_result);
 	if (r == -EWOULDBLOCK) {
-		cell_defer(cache, *cell, true);
+		cell_defer(cache, cell, true);
 		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 
 	} else if (r) {
-		DMERR_LIMIT("Unexpected return from cache replacement policy: %d", r);
-		cell_defer(cache, *cell, false);
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: Unexpected return from cache replacement policy: %d",
+			    cache_device_name(cache), r);
+		cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
 		bio_io_error(bio);
 		return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 	}
@@ -2648,21 +3085,30 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 				 * We need to invalidate this block, so
 				 * defer for the worker thread.
 				 */
-				cell_defer(cache, *cell, true);
+				cell_defer(cache, cell, true);
 				r = DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 
 			} else {
 				inc_miss_counter(cache, bio);
 				remap_to_origin_clear_discard(cache, bio, block);
+				accounted_begin(cache, bio);
+				inc_ds(cache, bio, cell);
+				// FIXME: we want to remap hits or misses straight
+				// away rather than passing over to the worker.
+				cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
 			}
 
 		} else {
 			inc_hit_counter(cache, bio);
 			if (bio_data_dir(bio) == WRITE && writethrough_mode(&cache->features) &&
-			    !is_dirty(cache, lookup_result.cblock))
+			    !is_dirty(cache, lookup_result.cblock)) {
 				remap_to_origin_then_cache(cache, bio, block, lookup_result.cblock);
-			else
-				remap_to_cache_dirty(cache, bio, block, lookup_result.cblock);
+				accounted_begin(cache, bio);
+				inc_ds(cache, bio, cell);
+				cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
+
+			} else
+				remap_cell_to_cache_dirty(cache, cell, block, lookup_result.cblock, false);
 		}
 		break;
 
@@ -2674,18 +3120,19 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 			 * longer needed because the block has been demoted.
 			 */
 			bio_endio(bio, 0);
-			cell_defer(cache, *cell, false);
+			// FIXME: remap everything as a miss
+			cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
 			r = DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 
 		} else
-			remap_to_origin_clear_discard(cache, bio, block);
-
+			remap_cell_to_origin_clear_discard(cache, cell, block, false);
 		break;
 
 	default:
-		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: erroring bio: unknown policy op: %u", __func__,
+		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: %s: erroring bio: unknown policy op: %u",
+			    cache_device_name(cache), __func__,
 			    (unsigned) lookup_result.op);
-		cell_defer(cache, *cell, false);
+		cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
 		bio_io_error(bio);
 		r = DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
 	}
@@ -2693,21 +3140,6 @@ static int __cache_map(struct cache *cache, struct bio *bio, struct dm_bio_priso
 	return r;
 }
 
-static int cache_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
-{
-	int r;
-	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell = NULL;
-	struct cache *cache = ti->private;
-
-	r = __cache_map(cache, bio, &cell);
-	if (r == DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED && cell) {
-		inc_ds(cache, bio, cell);
-		cell_defer(cache, cell, false);
-	}
-
-	return r;
-}
-
 static int cache_end_io(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio, int error)
 {
 	struct cache *cache = ti->private;
@@ -2716,7 +3148,7 @@ static int cache_end_io(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio, int error)
 	struct per_bio_data *pb = get_per_bio_data(bio, pb_data_size);
 
 	if (pb->tick) {
-		policy_tick(cache->policy);
+		policy_tick(cache->policy, false);
 
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&cache->lock, flags);
 		cache->need_tick_bio = true;
@@ -2724,6 +3156,7 @@ static int cache_end_io(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio, int error)
 	}
 
 	check_for_quiesced_migrations(cache, pb);
+	accounted_complete(cache, bio);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2732,11 +3165,16 @@ static int write_dirty_bitset(struct cache *cache)
 {
 	unsigned i, r;
 
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < from_cblock(cache->cache_size); i++) {
 		r = dm_cache_set_dirty(cache->cmd, to_cblock(i),
 				       is_dirty(cache, to_cblock(i)));
-		if (r)
+		if (r) {
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_set_dirty", r);
 			return r;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -2746,18 +3184,40 @@ static int write_discard_bitset(struct cache *cache)
 {
 	unsigned i, r;
 
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	r = dm_cache_discard_bitset_resize(cache->cmd, cache->discard_block_size,
 					   cache->discard_nr_blocks);
 	if (r) {
-		DMERR("could not resize on-disk discard bitset");
+		DMERR("%s: could not resize on-disk discard bitset", cache_device_name(cache));
+		metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_discard_bitset_resize", r);
 		return r;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < from_dblock(cache->discard_nr_blocks); i++) {
 		r = dm_cache_set_discard(cache->cmd, to_dblock(i),
 					 is_discarded(cache, to_dblock(i)));
-		if (r)
+		if (r) {
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_set_discard", r);
 			return r;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_hints(struct cache *cache)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	r = dm_cache_write_hints(cache->cmd, cache->policy);
+	if (r) {
+		metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_write_hints", r);
+		return r;
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -2772,26 +3232,26 @@ static bool sync_metadata(struct cache *cache)
 
 	r1 = write_dirty_bitset(cache);
 	if (r1)
-		DMERR("could not write dirty bitset");
+		DMERR("%s: could not write dirty bitset", cache_device_name(cache));
 
 	r2 = write_discard_bitset(cache);
 	if (r2)
-		DMERR("could not write discard bitset");
+		DMERR("%s: could not write discard bitset", cache_device_name(cache));
 
 	save_stats(cache);
 
-	r3 = dm_cache_write_hints(cache->cmd, cache->policy);
+	r3 = write_hints(cache);
 	if (r3)
-		DMERR("could not write hints");
+		DMERR("%s: could not write hints", cache_device_name(cache));
 
 	/*
 	 * If writing the above metadata failed, we still commit, but don't
 	 * set the clean shutdown flag.  This will effectively force every
 	 * dirty bit to be set on reload.
 	 */
-	r4 = dm_cache_commit(cache->cmd, !r1 && !r2 && !r3);
+	r4 = commit(cache, !r1 && !r2 && !r3);
 	if (r4)
-		DMERR("could not write cache metadata.  Data loss may occur.");
+		DMERR("%s: could not write cache metadata", cache_device_name(cache));
 
 	return !r1 && !r2 && !r3 && !r4;
 }
@@ -2803,10 +3263,12 @@ static void cache_postsuspend(struct dm_target *ti)
 	start_quiescing(cache);
 	wait_for_migrations(cache);
 	stop_worker(cache);
-	requeue_deferred_io(cache);
+	requeue_deferred_bios(cache);
+	requeue_deferred_cells(cache);
 	stop_quiescing(cache);
 
-	(void) sync_metadata(cache);
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) == CM_WRITE)
+		(void) sync_metadata(cache);
 }
 
 static int load_mapping(void *context, dm_oblock_t oblock, dm_cblock_t cblock,
@@ -2929,7 +3391,8 @@ static bool can_resize(struct cache *cache, dm_cblock_t new_size)
 	while (from_cblock(new_size) < from_cblock(cache->cache_size)) {
 		new_size = to_cblock(from_cblock(new_size) + 1);
 		if (is_dirty(cache, new_size)) {
-			DMERR("unable to shrink cache; cache block %llu is dirty",
+			DMERR("%s: unable to shrink cache; cache block %llu is dirty",
+			      cache_device_name(cache),
 			      (unsigned long long) from_cblock(new_size));
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -2944,7 +3407,8 @@ static int resize_cache_dev(struct cache *cache, dm_cblock_t new_size)
 
 	r = dm_cache_resize(cache->cmd, new_size);
 	if (r) {
-		DMERR("could not resize cache metadata");
+		DMERR("%s: could not resize cache metadata", cache_device_name(cache));
+		metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_resize", r);
 		return r;
 	}
 
@@ -2982,7 +3446,8 @@ static int cache_preresume(struct dm_target *ti)
 		r = dm_cache_load_mappings(cache->cmd, cache->policy,
 					   load_mapping, cache);
 		if (r) {
-			DMERR("could not load cache mappings");
+			DMERR("%s: could not load cache mappings", cache_device_name(cache));
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_load_mappings", r);
 			return r;
 		}
 
@@ -3002,7 +3467,8 @@ static int cache_preresume(struct dm_target *ti)
 		discard_load_info_init(cache, &li);
 		r = dm_cache_load_discards(cache->cmd, load_discard, &li);
 		if (r) {
-			DMERR("could not load origin discards");
+			DMERR("%s: could not load origin discards", cache_device_name(cache));
+			metadata_operation_failed(cache, "dm_cache_load_discards", r);
 			return r;
 		}
 		set_discard_range(&li);
@@ -3030,7 +3496,7 @@ static void cache_resume(struct dm_target *ti)
  * <#demotions> <#promotions> <#dirty>
  * <#features> <features>*
  * <#core args> <core args>
- * <policy name> <#policy args> <policy args>*
+ * <policy name> <#policy args> <policy args>* <cache metadata mode>
  */
 static void cache_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			 unsigned status_flags, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
@@ -3046,23 +3512,26 @@ static void cache_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 
 	switch (type) {
 	case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
-		/* Commit to ensure statistics aren't out-of-date */
-		if (!(status_flags & DM_STATUS_NOFLUSH_FLAG) && !dm_suspended(ti)) {
-			r = dm_cache_commit(cache->cmd, false);
-			if (r)
-				DMERR("could not commit metadata for accurate status");
+		if (get_cache_mode(cache) == CM_FAIL) {
+			DMEMIT("Fail");
+			break;
 		}
 
-		r = dm_cache_get_free_metadata_block_count(cache->cmd,
-							   &nr_free_blocks_metadata);
+		/* Commit to ensure statistics aren't out-of-date */
+		if (!(status_flags & DM_STATUS_NOFLUSH_FLAG) && !dm_suspended(ti))
+			(void) commit(cache, false);
+
+		r = dm_cache_get_free_metadata_block_count(cache->cmd, &nr_free_blocks_metadata);
 		if (r) {
-			DMERR("could not get metadata free block count");
+			DMERR("%s: dm_cache_get_free_metadata_block_count returned %d",
+			      cache_device_name(cache), r);
 			goto err;
 		}
 
 		r = dm_cache_get_metadata_dev_size(cache->cmd, &nr_blocks_metadata);
 		if (r) {
-			DMERR("could not get metadata device size");
+			DMERR("%s: dm_cache_get_metadata_dev_size returned %d",
+			      cache_device_name(cache), r);
 			goto err;
 		}
 
@@ -3093,7 +3562,8 @@ static void cache_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			DMEMIT("1 writeback ");
 
 		else {
-			DMERR("internal error: unknown io mode: %d", (int) cache->features.io_mode);
+			DMERR("%s: internal error: unknown io mode: %d",
+			      cache_device_name(cache), (int) cache->features.io_mode);
 			goto err;
 		}
 
@@ -3101,11 +3571,17 @@ static void cache_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 
 		DMEMIT("%s ", dm_cache_policy_get_name(cache->policy));
 		if (sz < maxlen) {
-			r = policy_emit_config_values(cache->policy, result + sz, maxlen - sz);
+			r = policy_emit_config_values(cache->policy, result, maxlen, &sz);
 			if (r)
-				DMERR("policy_emit_config_values returned %d", r);
+				DMERR("%s: policy_emit_config_values returned %d",
+				      cache_device_name(cache), r);
 		}
 
+		if (get_cache_mode(cache) == CM_READ_ONLY)
+			DMEMIT("ro ");
+		else
+			DMEMIT("rw ");
+
 		break;
 
 	case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
@@ -3167,7 +3643,7 @@ static int parse_cblock_range(struct cache *cache, const char *str,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	DMERR("invalid cblock range '%s'", str);
+	DMERR("%s: invalid cblock range '%s'", cache_device_name(cache), str);
 	return -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -3178,17 +3654,20 @@ static int validate_cblock_range(struct cache *cache, struct cblock_range *range
 	uint64_t n = from_cblock(cache->cache_size);
 
 	if (b >= n) {
-		DMERR("begin cblock out of range: %llu >= %llu", b, n);
+		DMERR("%s: begin cblock out of range: %llu >= %llu",
+		      cache_device_name(cache), b, n);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (e > n) {
-		DMERR("end cblock out of range: %llu > %llu", e, n);
+		DMERR("%s: end cblock out of range: %llu > %llu",
+		      cache_device_name(cache), e, n);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
 	if (b >= e) {
-		DMERR("invalid cblock range: %llu >= %llu", b, e);
+		DMERR("%s: invalid cblock range: %llu >= %llu",
+		      cache_device_name(cache), b, e);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
@@ -3222,7 +3701,8 @@ static int process_invalidate_cblocks_message(struct cache *cache, unsigned coun
 	struct cblock_range range;
 
 	if (!passthrough_mode(&cache->features)) {
-		DMERR("cache has to be in passthrough mode for invalidation");
+		DMERR("%s: cache has to be in passthrough mode for invalidation",
+		      cache_device_name(cache));
 		return -EPERM;
 	}
 
@@ -3261,6 +3741,12 @@ static int cache_message(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	if (!argc)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	if (get_cache_mode(cache) >= CM_READ_ONLY) {
+		DMERR("%s: unable to service cache target messages in READ_ONLY or FAIL mode",
+		      cache_device_name(cache));
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcasecmp(argv[0], "invalidate_cblocks"))
 		return process_invalidate_cblocks_message(cache, argc - 1, (const char **) argv + 1);
 
@@ -3334,7 +3820,7 @@ static void cache_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
 
 static struct target_type cache_target = {
 	.name = "cache",
-	.version = {1, 6, 0},
+	.version = {1, 7, 0},
 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
 	.ctr = cache_ctr,
 	.dtr = cache_dtr,
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-crypt.c b/drivers/md/dm-crypt.c
index 5503e43e5f28..0f48fed44a17 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-crypt.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-crypt.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2003 Jana Saout <jana@saout.de>
  * Copyright (C) 2004 Clemens Fruhwirth <clemens@endorphin.org>
- * Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2006-2015 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (C) 2013 Milan Broz <gmazyland@gmail.com>
  *
  * This file is released under the GPL.
@@ -891,6 +891,11 @@ static void crypt_alloc_req(struct crypt_config *cc,
 		ctx->req = mempool_alloc(cc->req_pool, GFP_NOIO);
 
 	ablkcipher_request_set_tfm(ctx->req, cc->tfms[key_index]);
+
+	/*
+	 * Use REQ_MAY_BACKLOG so a cipher driver internally backlogs
+	 * requests if driver request queue is full.
+	 */
 	ablkcipher_request_set_callback(ctx->req,
 	    CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_BACKLOG | CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP,
 	    kcryptd_async_done, dmreq_of_req(cc, ctx->req));
@@ -924,24 +929,32 @@ static int crypt_convert(struct crypt_config *cc,
 		r = crypt_convert_block(cc, ctx, ctx->req);
 
 		switch (r) {
-		/* async */
+		/*
+		 * The request was queued by a crypto driver
+		 * but the driver request queue is full, let's wait.
+		 */
 		case -EBUSY:
 			wait_for_completion(&ctx->restart);
 			reinit_completion(&ctx->restart);
-			/* fall through*/
+			/* fall through */
+		/*
+		 * The request is queued and processed asynchronously,
+		 * completion function kcryptd_async_done() will be called.
+		 */
 		case -EINPROGRESS:
 			ctx->req = NULL;
 			ctx->cc_sector++;
 			continue;
-
-		/* sync */
+		/*
+		 * The request was already processed (synchronously).
+		 */
 		case 0:
 			atomic_dec(&ctx->cc_pending);
 			ctx->cc_sector++;
 			cond_resched();
 			continue;
 
-		/* error */
+		/* There was an error while processing the request. */
 		default:
 			atomic_dec(&ctx->cc_pending);
 			return r;
@@ -1346,6 +1359,11 @@ static void kcryptd_async_done(struct crypto_async_request *async_req,
 	struct dm_crypt_io *io = container_of(ctx, struct dm_crypt_io, ctx);
 	struct crypt_config *cc = io->cc;
 
+	/*
+	 * A request from crypto driver backlog is going to be processed now,
+	 * finish the completion and continue in crypt_convert().
+	 * (Callback will be called for the second time for this request.)
+	 */
 	if (error == -EINPROGRESS) {
 		complete(&ctx->restart);
 		return;
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-log-writes.c b/drivers/md/dm-log-writes.c
index 93e08446a87d..ad1b049ae2ab 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-log-writes.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-log-writes.c
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@
 #define LOG_DISCARD_FLAG (1 << 2)
 #define LOG_MARK_FLAG (1 << 3)
 
-#define WRITE_LOG_VERSION 1
-#define WRITE_LOG_MAGIC 0x6a736677736872
+#define WRITE_LOG_VERSION 1ULL
+#define WRITE_LOG_MAGIC 0x6a736677736872ULL
 
 /*
  * The disk format for this is braindead simple.
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-raid.c b/drivers/md/dm-raid.c
index 88e4c7f24986..2daa67793511 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-raid.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-raid.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Neil Brown
- * Copyright (C) 2010-2014 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2015 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This file is released under the GPL.
  */
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <linux/device-mapper.h>
 
 #define DM_MSG_PREFIX "raid"
+#define	MAX_RAID_DEVICES	253 /* raid4/5/6 limit */
 
 static bool devices_handle_discard_safely = false;
 
@@ -45,25 +46,25 @@ struct raid_dev {
 };
 
 /*
- * Flags for rs->print_flags field.
+ * Flags for rs->ctr_flags field.
  */
-#define DMPF_SYNC              0x1
-#define DMPF_NOSYNC            0x2
-#define DMPF_REBUILD           0x4
-#define DMPF_DAEMON_SLEEP      0x8
-#define DMPF_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE 0x10
-#define DMPF_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE 0x20
-#define DMPF_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND  0x40
-#define DMPF_STRIPE_CACHE      0x80
-#define DMPF_REGION_SIZE       0x100
-#define DMPF_RAID10_COPIES     0x200
-#define DMPF_RAID10_FORMAT     0x400
+#define CTR_FLAG_SYNC              0x1
+#define CTR_FLAG_NOSYNC            0x2
+#define CTR_FLAG_REBUILD           0x4
+#define CTR_FLAG_DAEMON_SLEEP      0x8
+#define CTR_FLAG_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE 0x10
+#define CTR_FLAG_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE 0x20
+#define CTR_FLAG_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND  0x40
+#define CTR_FLAG_STRIPE_CACHE      0x80
+#define CTR_FLAG_REGION_SIZE       0x100
+#define CTR_FLAG_RAID10_COPIES     0x200
+#define CTR_FLAG_RAID10_FORMAT     0x400
 
 struct raid_set {
 	struct dm_target *ti;
 
 	uint32_t bitmap_loaded;
-	uint32_t print_flags;
+	uint32_t ctr_flags;
 
 	struct mddev md;
 	struct raid_type *raid_type;
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ static struct raid_type {
 	const unsigned level;		/* RAID level. */
 	const unsigned algorithm;	/* RAID algorithm. */
 } raid_types[] = {
+	{"raid0",    "RAID0 (striping)",                0, 2, 0, 0 /* NONE */},
 	{"raid1",    "RAID1 (mirroring)",               0, 2, 1, 0 /* NONE */},
 	{"raid10",   "RAID10 (striped mirrors)",        0, 2, 10, UINT_MAX /* Varies */},
 	{"raid4",    "RAID4 (dedicated parity disk)",	1, 2, 5, ALGORITHM_PARITY_0},
@@ -119,15 +121,15 @@ static int raid10_format_to_md_layout(char *format, unsigned copies)
 {
 	unsigned n = 1, f = 1;
 
-	if (!strcmp("near", format))
+	if (!strcasecmp("near", format))
 		n = copies;
 	else
 		f = copies;
 
-	if (!strcmp("offset", format))
+	if (!strcasecmp("offset", format))
 		return 0x30000 | (f << 8) | n;
 
-	if (!strcmp("far", format))
+	if (!strcasecmp("far", format))
 		return 0x20000 | (f << 8) | n;
 
 	return (f << 8) | n;
@@ -477,8 +479,6 @@ too_many:
  *                                      will form the "stripe"
  *    [[no]sync]			Force or prevent recovery of the
  *                                      entire array
- *    [devices_handle_discard_safely]	Allow discards on RAID4/5/6; useful if RAID
- *					member device(s) properly support TRIM/UNMAP
  *    [rebuild <idx>]			Rebuild the drive indicated by the index
  *    [daemon_sleep <ms>]		Time between bitmap daemon work to
  *                                      clear bits
@@ -555,12 +555,12 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 	for (i = 0; i < num_raid_params; i++) {
 		if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "nosync")) {
 			rs->md.recovery_cp = MaxSector;
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_NOSYNC;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_NOSYNC;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcasecmp(argv[i], "sync")) {
 			rs->md.recovery_cp = 0;
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_SYNC;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_SYNC;
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			raid10_format = argv[i];
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_RAID10_FORMAT;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_RAID10_FORMAT;
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 			}
 			clear_bit(In_sync, &rs->dev[value].rdev.flags);
 			rs->dev[value].rdev.recovery_offset = 0;
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_REBUILD;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_REBUILD;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "write_mostly")) {
 			if (rs->raid_type->level != 1) {
 				rs->ti->error = "write_mostly option is only valid for RAID1";
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 				rs->ti->error = "max_write_behind option is only valid for RAID1";
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND;
 
 			/*
 			 * In device-mapper, we specify things in sectors, but
@@ -631,14 +631,14 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 			}
 			rs->md.bitmap_info.max_write_behind = value;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "daemon_sleep")) {
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_DAEMON_SLEEP;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_DAEMON_SLEEP;
 			if (!value || (value > MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT)) {
 				rs->ti->error = "daemon sleep period out of range";
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			rs->md.bitmap_info.daemon_sleep = value;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "stripe_cache")) {
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_STRIPE_CACHE;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_STRIPE_CACHE;
 
 			/*
 			 * In device-mapper, we specify things in sectors, but
@@ -656,21 +656,21 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "min_recovery_rate")) {
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE;
 			if (value > INT_MAX) {
 				rs->ti->error = "min_recovery_rate out of range";
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			rs->md.sync_speed_min = (int)value;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "max_recovery_rate")) {
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE;
 			if (value > INT_MAX) {
 				rs->ti->error = "max_recovery_rate out of range";
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
 			rs->md.sync_speed_max = (int)value;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "region_size")) {
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_REGION_SIZE;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_REGION_SIZE;
 			region_size = value;
 		} else if (!strcasecmp(key, "raid10_copies") &&
 			   (rs->raid_type->level == 10)) {
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 				rs->ti->error = "Bad value for 'raid10_copies'";
 				return -EINVAL;
 			}
-			rs->print_flags |= DMPF_RAID10_COPIES;
+			rs->ctr_flags |= CTR_FLAG_RAID10_COPIES;
 			raid10_copies = value;
 		} else {
 			DMERR("Unable to parse RAID parameter: %s", key);
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ static int parse_raid_params(struct raid_set *rs, char **argv,
 		rs->md.layout = raid10_format_to_md_layout(raid10_format,
 							   raid10_copies);
 		rs->md.new_layout = rs->md.layout;
-	} else if ((rs->raid_type->level > 1) &&
+	} else if ((!rs->raid_type->level || rs->raid_type->level > 1) &&
 		   sector_div(sectors_per_dev,
 			      (rs->md.raid_disks - rs->raid_type->parity_devs))) {
 		rs->ti->error = "Target length not divisible by number of data devices";
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ static int super_init_validation(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (!(rs->print_flags & (DMPF_SYNC | DMPF_NOSYNC)))
+	if (!(rs->ctr_flags & (CTR_FLAG_SYNC | CTR_FLAG_NOSYNC)))
 		mddev->recovery_cp = le64_to_cpu(sb->array_resync_offset);
 
 	/*
@@ -1026,8 +1026,9 @@ static int super_init_validation(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int super_validate(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
+static int super_validate(struct raid_set *rs, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 {
+	struct mddev *mddev = &rs->md;
 	struct dm_raid_superblock *sb = page_address(rdev->sb_page);
 
 	/*
@@ -1037,8 +1038,10 @@ static int super_validate(struct mddev *mddev, struct md_rdev *rdev)
 	if (!mddev->events && super_init_validation(mddev, rdev))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	mddev->bitmap_info.offset = 4096 >> 9; /* Enable bitmap creation */
-	rdev->mddev->bitmap_info.default_offset = 4096 >> 9;
+	/* Enable bitmap creation for RAID levels != 0 */
+	mddev->bitmap_info.offset = (rs->raid_type->level) ? to_sector(4096) : 0;
+	rdev->mddev->bitmap_info.default_offset = mddev->bitmap_info.offset;
+
 	if (!test_bit(FirstUse, &rdev->flags)) {
 		rdev->recovery_offset = le64_to_cpu(sb->disk_recovery_offset);
 		if (rdev->recovery_offset != MaxSector)
@@ -1073,7 +1076,7 @@ static int analyse_superblocks(struct dm_target *ti, struct raid_set *rs)
 	freshest = NULL;
 	rdev_for_each_safe(rdev, tmp, mddev) {
 		/*
-		 * Skipping super_load due to DMPF_SYNC will cause
+		 * Skipping super_load due to CTR_FLAG_SYNC will cause
 		 * the array to undergo initialization again as
 		 * though it were new.  This is the intended effect
 		 * of the "sync" directive.
@@ -1082,7 +1085,9 @@ static int analyse_superblocks(struct dm_target *ti, struct raid_set *rs)
 		 * that the "sync" directive is disallowed during the
 		 * reshape.
 		 */
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_SYNC)
+		rdev->sectors = to_sector(i_size_read(rdev->bdev->bd_inode));
+
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_SYNC)
 			continue;
 
 		if (!rdev->meta_bdev)
@@ -1140,11 +1145,11 @@ static int analyse_superblocks(struct dm_target *ti, struct raid_set *rs)
 	 * validation for the remaining devices.
 	 */
 	ti->error = "Unable to assemble array: Invalid superblocks";
-	if (super_validate(mddev, freshest))
+	if (super_validate(rs, freshest))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	rdev_for_each(rdev, mddev)
-		if ((rdev != freshest) && super_validate(mddev, rdev))
+		if ((rdev != freshest) && super_validate(rs, rdev))
 			return -EINVAL;
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1243,7 +1248,7 @@ static int raid_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	if ((kstrtoul(argv[num_raid_params], 10, &num_raid_devs) < 0) ||
-	    (num_raid_devs >= INT_MAX)) {
+	    (num_raid_devs > MAX_RAID_DEVICES)) {
 		ti->error = "Cannot understand number of raid devices";
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
@@ -1282,10 +1287,11 @@ static int raid_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	 */
 	configure_discard_support(ti, rs);
 
-	mutex_lock(&rs->md.reconfig_mutex);
+	/* Has to be held on running the array */
+	mddev_lock_nointr(&rs->md);
 	ret = md_run(&rs->md);
 	rs->md.in_sync = 0; /* Assume already marked dirty */
-	mutex_unlock(&rs->md.reconfig_mutex);
+	mddev_unlock(&rs->md);
 
 	if (ret) {
 		ti->error = "Fail to run raid array";
@@ -1368,34 +1374,40 @@ static void raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 	case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
 		DMEMIT("%s %d ", rs->raid_type->name, rs->md.raid_disks);
 
-		if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_RUNNING, &rs->md.recovery))
-			sync = rs->md.curr_resync_completed;
-		else
-			sync = rs->md.recovery_cp;
-
-		if (sync >= rs->md.resync_max_sectors) {
-			/*
-			 * Sync complete.
-			 */
+		if (rs->raid_type->level) {
+			if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_RUNNING, &rs->md.recovery))
+				sync = rs->md.curr_resync_completed;
+			else
+				sync = rs->md.recovery_cp;
+
+			if (sync >= rs->md.resync_max_sectors) {
+				/*
+				 * Sync complete.
+				 */
+				array_in_sync = 1;
+				sync = rs->md.resync_max_sectors;
+			} else if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &rs->md.recovery)) {
+				/*
+				 * If "check" or "repair" is occurring, the array has
+				 * undergone and initial sync and the health characters
+				 * should not be 'a' anymore.
+				 */
+				array_in_sync = 1;
+			} else {
+				/*
+				 * The array may be doing an initial sync, or it may
+				 * be rebuilding individual components.  If all the
+				 * devices are In_sync, then it is the array that is
+				 * being initialized.
+				 */
+				for (i = 0; i < rs->md.raid_disks; i++)
+					if (!test_bit(In_sync, &rs->dev[i].rdev.flags))
+						array_in_sync = 1;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* RAID0 */
 			array_in_sync = 1;
 			sync = rs->md.resync_max_sectors;
-		} else if (test_bit(MD_RECOVERY_REQUESTED, &rs->md.recovery)) {
-			/*
-			 * If "check" or "repair" is occurring, the array has
-			 * undergone and initial sync and the health characters
-			 * should not be 'a' anymore.
-			 */
-			array_in_sync = 1;
-		} else {
-			/*
-			 * The array may be doing an initial sync, or it may
-			 * be rebuilding individual components.  If all the
-			 * devices are In_sync, then it is the array that is
-			 * being initialized.
-			 */
-			for (i = 0; i < rs->md.raid_disks; i++)
-				if (!test_bit(In_sync, &rs->dev[i].rdev.flags))
-					array_in_sync = 1;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -1446,7 +1458,7 @@ static void raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 	case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
 		/* The string you would use to construct this array */
 		for (i = 0; i < rs->md.raid_disks; i++) {
-			if ((rs->print_flags & DMPF_REBUILD) &&
+			if ((rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_REBUILD) &&
 			    rs->dev[i].data_dev &&
 			    !test_bit(In_sync, &rs->dev[i].rdev.flags))
 				raid_param_cnt += 2; /* for rebuilds */
@@ -1455,33 +1467,33 @@ static void raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 				raid_param_cnt += 2;
 		}
 
-		raid_param_cnt += (hweight32(rs->print_flags & ~DMPF_REBUILD) * 2);
-		if (rs->print_flags & (DMPF_SYNC | DMPF_NOSYNC))
+		raid_param_cnt += (hweight32(rs->ctr_flags & ~CTR_FLAG_REBUILD) * 2);
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & (CTR_FLAG_SYNC | CTR_FLAG_NOSYNC))
 			raid_param_cnt--;
 
 		DMEMIT("%s %u %u", rs->raid_type->name,
 		       raid_param_cnt, rs->md.chunk_sectors);
 
-		if ((rs->print_flags & DMPF_SYNC) &&
+		if ((rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_SYNC) &&
 		    (rs->md.recovery_cp == MaxSector))
 			DMEMIT(" sync");
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_NOSYNC)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_NOSYNC)
 			DMEMIT(" nosync");
 
 		for (i = 0; i < rs->md.raid_disks; i++)
-			if ((rs->print_flags & DMPF_REBUILD) &&
+			if ((rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_REBUILD) &&
 			    rs->dev[i].data_dev &&
 			    !test_bit(In_sync, &rs->dev[i].rdev.flags))
 				DMEMIT(" rebuild %u", i);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_DAEMON_SLEEP)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_DAEMON_SLEEP)
 			DMEMIT(" daemon_sleep %lu",
 			       rs->md.bitmap_info.daemon_sleep);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_MIN_RECOVERY_RATE)
 			DMEMIT(" min_recovery_rate %d", rs->md.sync_speed_min);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_MAX_RECOVERY_RATE)
 			DMEMIT(" max_recovery_rate %d", rs->md.sync_speed_max);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < rs->md.raid_disks; i++)
@@ -1489,11 +1501,11 @@ static void raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			    test_bit(WriteMostly, &rs->dev[i].rdev.flags))
 				DMEMIT(" write_mostly %u", i);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_MAX_WRITE_BEHIND)
 			DMEMIT(" max_write_behind %lu",
 			       rs->md.bitmap_info.max_write_behind);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_STRIPE_CACHE) {
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_STRIPE_CACHE) {
 			struct r5conf *conf = rs->md.private;
 
 			/* convert from kiB to sectors */
@@ -1501,15 +1513,15 @@ static void raid_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			       conf ? conf->max_nr_stripes * 2 : 0);
 		}
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_REGION_SIZE)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_REGION_SIZE)
 			DMEMIT(" region_size %lu",
 			       rs->md.bitmap_info.chunksize >> 9);
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_RAID10_COPIES)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_RAID10_COPIES)
 			DMEMIT(" raid10_copies %u",
 			       raid10_md_layout_to_copies(rs->md.layout));
 
-		if (rs->print_flags & DMPF_RAID10_FORMAT)
+		if (rs->ctr_flags & CTR_FLAG_RAID10_FORMAT)
 			DMEMIT(" raid10_format %s",
 			       raid10_md_layout_to_format(rs->md.layout));
 
@@ -1684,26 +1696,48 @@ static void raid_resume(struct dm_target *ti)
 {
 	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
 
-	set_bit(MD_CHANGE_DEVS, &rs->md.flags);
-	if (!rs->bitmap_loaded) {
-		bitmap_load(&rs->md);
-		rs->bitmap_loaded = 1;
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * A secondary resume while the device is active.
-		 * Take this opportunity to check whether any failed
-		 * devices are reachable again.
-		 */
-		attempt_restore_of_faulty_devices(rs);
+	if (rs->raid_type->level) {
+		set_bit(MD_CHANGE_DEVS, &rs->md.flags);
+
+		if (!rs->bitmap_loaded) {
+			bitmap_load(&rs->md);
+			rs->bitmap_loaded = 1;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * A secondary resume while the device is active.
+			 * Take this opportunity to check whether any failed
+			 * devices are reachable again.
+			 */
+			attempt_restore_of_faulty_devices(rs);
+		}
+
+		clear_bit(MD_RECOVERY_FROZEN, &rs->md.recovery);
 	}
 
-	clear_bit(MD_RECOVERY_FROZEN, &rs->md.recovery);
 	mddev_resume(&rs->md);
 }
 
+static int raid_merge(struct dm_target *ti, struct bvec_merge_data *bvm,
+		      struct bio_vec *biovec, int max_size)
+{
+	struct raid_set *rs = ti->private;
+	struct md_personality *pers = rs->md.pers;
+
+	if (pers && pers->mergeable_bvec)
+		return min(max_size, pers->mergeable_bvec(&rs->md, bvm, biovec));
+
+	/*
+	 * In case we can't request the personality because
+	 * the raid set is not running yet
+	 *
+	 * -> return safe minimum
+	 */
+	return rs->md.chunk_sectors;
+}
+
 static struct target_type raid_target = {
 	.name = "raid",
-	.version = {1, 6, 0},
+	.version = {1, 7, 0},
 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
 	.ctr = raid_ctr,
 	.dtr = raid_dtr,
@@ -1715,6 +1749,7 @@ static struct target_type raid_target = {
 	.presuspend = raid_presuspend,
 	.postsuspend = raid_postsuspend,
 	.resume = raid_resume,
+	.merge = raid_merge,
 };
 
 static int __init dm_raid_init(void)
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-raid1.c b/drivers/md/dm-raid1.c
index 743fa9bbae9e..d83696bf403b 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-raid1.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-raid1.c
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@
 
 #define MAX_RECOVERY 1	/* Maximum number of regions recovered in parallel. */
 
-#define DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS 0x01
+#define DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS	0x01
+#define DM_RAID1_KEEP_LOG	0x02
 #define errors_handled(p)	((p)->features & DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS)
+#define keep_log(p)		((p)->features & DM_RAID1_KEEP_LOG)
 
 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(_kmirrord_recovery_stopped);
 
@@ -229,7 +231,7 @@ static void fail_mirror(struct mirror *m, enum dm_raid1_error error_type)
 	if (m != get_default_mirror(ms))
 		goto out;
 
-	if (!ms->in_sync) {
+	if (!ms->in_sync && !keep_log(ms)) {
 		/*
 		 * Better to issue requests to same failing device
 		 * than to risk returning corrupt data.
@@ -370,6 +372,17 @@ static int recover(struct mirror_set *ms, struct dm_region *reg)
 	return r;
 }
 
+static void reset_ms_flags(struct mirror_set *ms)
+{
+	unsigned int m;
+
+	ms->leg_failure = 0;
+	for (m = 0; m < ms->nr_mirrors; m++) {
+		atomic_set(&(ms->mirror[m].error_count), 0);
+		ms->mirror[m].error_type = 0;
+	}
+}
+
 static void do_recovery(struct mirror_set *ms)
 {
 	struct dm_region *reg;
@@ -398,6 +411,7 @@ static void do_recovery(struct mirror_set *ms)
 		/* the sync is complete */
 		dm_table_event(ms->ti->table);
 		ms->in_sync = 1;
+		reset_ms_flags(ms);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -759,7 +773,7 @@ static void do_writes(struct mirror_set *ms, struct bio_list *writes)
 		dm_rh_delay(ms->rh, bio);
 
 	while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&nosync))) {
-		if (unlikely(ms->leg_failure) && errors_handled(ms)) {
+		if (unlikely(ms->leg_failure) && errors_handled(ms) && !keep_log(ms)) {
 			spin_lock_irq(&ms->lock);
 			bio_list_add(&ms->failures, bio);
 			spin_unlock_irq(&ms->lock);
@@ -803,15 +817,21 @@ static void do_failures(struct mirror_set *ms, struct bio_list *failures)
 
 		/*
 		 * If all the legs are dead, fail the I/O.
-		 * If we have been told to handle errors, hold the bio
-		 * and wait for userspace to deal with the problem.
+		 * If the device has failed and keep_log is enabled,
+		 * fail the I/O.
+		 *
+		 * If we have been told to handle errors, and keep_log
+		 * isn't enabled, hold the bio and wait for userspace to
+		 * deal with the problem.
+		 *
 		 * Otherwise pretend that the I/O succeeded. (This would
 		 * be wrong if the failed leg returned after reboot and
 		 * got replicated back to the good legs.)
 		 */
-		if (!get_valid_mirror(ms))
+
+		if (unlikely(!get_valid_mirror(ms) || (keep_log(ms) && ms->log_failure)))
 			bio_endio(bio, -EIO);
-		else if (errors_handled(ms))
+		else if (errors_handled(ms) && !keep_log(ms))
 			hold_bio(ms, bio);
 		else
 			bio_endio(bio, 0);
@@ -987,6 +1007,7 @@ static int parse_features(struct mirror_set *ms, unsigned argc, char **argv,
 	unsigned num_features;
 	struct dm_target *ti = ms->ti;
 	char dummy;
+	int i;
 
 	*args_used = 0;
 
@@ -1007,15 +1028,25 @@ static int parse_features(struct mirror_set *ms, unsigned argc, char **argv,
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("handle_errors", argv[0]))
-		ms->features |= DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS;
-	else {
-		ti->error = "Unrecognised feature requested";
+	for (i = 0; i < num_features; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp("handle_errors", argv[0]))
+			ms->features |= DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS;
+		else if (!strcmp("keep_log", argv[0]))
+			ms->features |= DM_RAID1_KEEP_LOG;
+		else {
+			ti->error = "Unrecognised feature requested";
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+		(*args_used)++;
+	}
+	if (!errors_handled(ms) && keep_log(ms)) {
+		ti->error = "keep_log feature requires the handle_errors feature";
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	(*args_used)++;
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1029,7 +1060,7 @@ static int parse_features(struct mirror_set *ms, unsigned argc, char **argv,
  * log_type is "core" or "disk"
  * #log_params is between 1 and 3
  *
- * If present, features must be "handle_errors".
+ * If present, supported features are "handle_errors" and "keep_log".
  */
 static int mirror_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -1363,6 +1394,7 @@ static void mirror_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			  unsigned status_flags, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
 {
 	unsigned int m, sz = 0;
+	int num_feature_args = 0;
 	struct mirror_set *ms = (struct mirror_set *) ti->private;
 	struct dm_dirty_log *log = dm_rh_dirty_log(ms->rh);
 	char buffer[ms->nr_mirrors + 1];
@@ -1392,8 +1424,17 @@ static void mirror_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
 			DMEMIT(" %s %llu", ms->mirror[m].dev->name,
 			       (unsigned long long)ms->mirror[m].offset);
 
-		if (ms->features & DM_RAID1_HANDLE_ERRORS)
-			DMEMIT(" 1 handle_errors");
+		num_feature_args += !!errors_handled(ms);
+		num_feature_args += !!keep_log(ms);
+		if (num_feature_args) {
+			DMEMIT(" %d", num_feature_args);
+			if (errors_handled(ms))
+				DMEMIT(" handle_errors");
+			if (keep_log(ms))
+				DMEMIT(" keep_log");
+		}
+
+		break;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1413,7 +1454,7 @@ static int mirror_iterate_devices(struct dm_target *ti,
 
 static struct target_type mirror_target = {
 	.name	 = "mirror",
-	.version = {1, 13, 2},
+	.version = {1, 14, 0},
 	.module	 = THIS_MODULE,
 	.ctr	 = mirror_ctr,
 	.dtr	 = mirror_dtr,
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-stats.c b/drivers/md/dm-stats.c
index f478a4c96d2f..8a8b48fa901a 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-stats.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-stats.c
@@ -29,30 +29,37 @@ struct dm_stat_percpu {
 	unsigned long long io_ticks[2];
 	unsigned long long io_ticks_total;
 	unsigned long long time_in_queue;
+	unsigned long long *histogram;
 };
 
 struct dm_stat_shared {
 	atomic_t in_flight[2];
-	unsigned long stamp;
+	unsigned long long stamp;
 	struct dm_stat_percpu tmp;
 };
 
 struct dm_stat {
 	struct list_head list_entry;
 	int id;
+	unsigned stat_flags;
 	size_t n_entries;
 	sector_t start;
 	sector_t end;
 	sector_t step;
+	unsigned n_histogram_entries;
+	unsigned long long *histogram_boundaries;
 	const char *program_id;
 	const char *aux_data;
 	struct rcu_head rcu_head;
 	size_t shared_alloc_size;
 	size_t percpu_alloc_size;
+	size_t histogram_alloc_size;
 	struct dm_stat_percpu *stat_percpu[NR_CPUS];
 	struct dm_stat_shared stat_shared[0];
 };
 
+#define STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS		1
+
 struct dm_stats_last_position {
 	sector_t last_sector;
 	unsigned last_rw;
@@ -160,10 +167,7 @@ static void dm_kvfree(void *ptr, size_t alloc_size)
 
 	free_shared_memory(alloc_size);
 
-	if (is_vmalloc_addr(ptr))
-		vfree(ptr);
-	else
-		kfree(ptr);
+	kvfree(ptr);
 }
 
 static void dm_stat_free(struct rcu_head *head)
@@ -173,8 +177,11 @@ static void dm_stat_free(struct rcu_head *head)
 
 	kfree(s->program_id);
 	kfree(s->aux_data);
-	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+		dm_kvfree(s->stat_percpu[cpu][0].histogram, s->histogram_alloc_size);
 		dm_kvfree(s->stat_percpu[cpu], s->percpu_alloc_size);
+	}
+	dm_kvfree(s->stat_shared[0].tmp.histogram, s->histogram_alloc_size);
 	dm_kvfree(s, s->shared_alloc_size);
 }
 
@@ -227,7 +234,10 @@ void dm_stats_cleanup(struct dm_stats *stats)
 }
 
 static int dm_stats_create(struct dm_stats *stats, sector_t start, sector_t end,
-			   sector_t step, const char *program_id, const char *aux_data,
+			   sector_t step, unsigned stat_flags,
+			   unsigned n_histogram_entries,
+			   unsigned long long *histogram_boundaries,
+			   const char *program_id, const char *aux_data,
 			   void (*suspend_callback)(struct mapped_device *),
 			   void (*resume_callback)(struct mapped_device *),
 			   struct mapped_device *md)
@@ -238,6 +248,7 @@ static int dm_stats_create(struct dm_stats *stats, sector_t start, sector_t end,
 	size_t ni;
 	size_t shared_alloc_size;
 	size_t percpu_alloc_size;
+	size_t histogram_alloc_size;
 	struct dm_stat_percpu *p;
 	int cpu;
 	int ret_id;
@@ -261,19 +272,34 @@ static int dm_stats_create(struct dm_stats *stats, sector_t start, sector_t end,
 	if (percpu_alloc_size / sizeof(struct dm_stat_percpu) != n_entries)
 		return -EOVERFLOW;
 
-	if (!check_shared_memory(shared_alloc_size + num_possible_cpus() * percpu_alloc_size))
+	histogram_alloc_size = (n_histogram_entries + 1) * (size_t)n_entries * sizeof(unsigned long long);
+	if (histogram_alloc_size / (n_histogram_entries + 1) != (size_t)n_entries * sizeof(unsigned long long))
+		return -EOVERFLOW;
+
+	if (!check_shared_memory(shared_alloc_size + histogram_alloc_size +
+				 num_possible_cpus() * (percpu_alloc_size + histogram_alloc_size)))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	s = dm_kvzalloc(shared_alloc_size, NUMA_NO_NODE);
 	if (!s)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
+	s->stat_flags = stat_flags;
 	s->n_entries = n_entries;
 	s->start = start;
 	s->end = end;
 	s->step = step;
 	s->shared_alloc_size = shared_alloc_size;
 	s->percpu_alloc_size = percpu_alloc_size;
+	s->histogram_alloc_size = histogram_alloc_size;
+
+	s->n_histogram_entries = n_histogram_entries;
+	s->histogram_boundaries = kmemdup(histogram_boundaries,
+					  s->n_histogram_entries * sizeof(unsigned long long), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!s->histogram_boundaries) {
+		r = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	s->program_id = kstrdup(program_id, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!s->program_id) {
@@ -291,6 +317,19 @@ static int dm_stats_create(struct dm_stats *stats, sector_t start, sector_t end,
 		atomic_set(&s->stat_shared[ni].in_flight[WRITE], 0);
 	}
 
+	if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+		unsigned long long *hi;
+		hi = dm_kvzalloc(s->histogram_alloc_size, NUMA_NO_NODE);
+		if (!hi) {
+			r = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		for (ni = 0; ni < n_entries; ni++) {
+			s->stat_shared[ni].tmp.histogram = hi;
+			hi += s->n_histogram_entries + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 		p = dm_kvzalloc(percpu_alloc_size, cpu_to_node(cpu));
 		if (!p) {
@@ -298,6 +337,18 @@ static int dm_stats_create(struct dm_stats *stats, sector_t start, sector_t end,
 			goto out;
 		}
 		s->stat_percpu[cpu] = p;
+		if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+			unsigned long long *hi;
+			hi = dm_kvzalloc(s->histogram_alloc_size, cpu_to_node(cpu));
+			if (!hi) {
+				r = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			for (ni = 0; ni < n_entries; ni++) {
+				p[ni].histogram = hi;
+				hi += s->n_histogram_entries + 1;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -375,9 +426,11 @@ static int dm_stats_delete(struct dm_stats *stats, int id)
 	 * vfree can't be called from RCU callback
 	 */
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-		if (is_vmalloc_addr(s->stat_percpu))
+		if (is_vmalloc_addr(s->stat_percpu) ||
+		    is_vmalloc_addr(s->stat_percpu[cpu][0].histogram))
 			goto do_sync_free;
-	if (is_vmalloc_addr(s)) {
+	if (is_vmalloc_addr(s) ||
+	    is_vmalloc_addr(s->stat_shared[0].tmp.histogram)) {
 do_sync_free:
 		synchronize_rcu_expedited();
 		dm_stat_free(&s->rcu_head);
@@ -417,18 +470,24 @@ static int dm_stats_list(struct dm_stats *stats, const char *program,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void dm_stat_round(struct dm_stat_shared *shared, struct dm_stat_percpu *p)
+static void dm_stat_round(struct dm_stat *s, struct dm_stat_shared *shared,
+			  struct dm_stat_percpu *p)
 {
 	/*
 	 * This is racy, but so is part_round_stats_single.
 	 */
-	unsigned long now = jiffies;
-	unsigned in_flight_read;
-	unsigned in_flight_write;
-	unsigned long difference = now - shared->stamp;
+	unsigned long long now, difference;
+	unsigned in_flight_read, in_flight_write;
+
+	if (likely(!(s->stat_flags & STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS)))
+		now = jiffies;
+	else
+		now = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get());
 
+	difference = now - shared->stamp;
 	if (!difference)
 		return;
+
 	in_flight_read = (unsigned)atomic_read(&shared->in_flight[READ]);
 	in_flight_write = (unsigned)atomic_read(&shared->in_flight[WRITE]);
 	if (in_flight_read)
@@ -443,8 +502,9 @@ static void dm_stat_round(struct dm_stat_shared *shared, struct dm_stat_percpu *
 }
 
 static void dm_stat_for_entry(struct dm_stat *s, size_t entry,
-			      unsigned long bi_rw, sector_t len, bool merged,
-			      bool end, unsigned long duration)
+			      unsigned long bi_rw, sector_t len,
+			      struct dm_stats_aux *stats_aux, bool end,
+			      unsigned long duration_jiffies)
 {
 	unsigned long idx = bi_rw & REQ_WRITE;
 	struct dm_stat_shared *shared = &s->stat_shared[entry];
@@ -474,15 +534,35 @@ static void dm_stat_for_entry(struct dm_stat *s, size_t entry,
 	p = &s->stat_percpu[smp_processor_id()][entry];
 
 	if (!end) {
-		dm_stat_round(shared, p);
+		dm_stat_round(s, shared, p);
 		atomic_inc(&shared->in_flight[idx]);
 	} else {
-		dm_stat_round(shared, p);
+		unsigned long long duration;
+		dm_stat_round(s, shared, p);
 		atomic_dec(&shared->in_flight[idx]);
 		p->sectors[idx] += len;
 		p->ios[idx] += 1;
-		p->merges[idx] += merged;
-		p->ticks[idx] += duration;
+		p->merges[idx] += stats_aux->merged;
+		if (!(s->stat_flags & STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS)) {
+			p->ticks[idx] += duration_jiffies;
+			duration = jiffies_to_msecs(duration_jiffies);
+		} else {
+			p->ticks[idx] += stats_aux->duration_ns;
+			duration = stats_aux->duration_ns;
+		}
+		if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+			unsigned lo = 0, hi = s->n_histogram_entries + 1;
+			while (lo + 1 < hi) {
+				unsigned mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
+				if (s->histogram_boundaries[mid - 1] > duration) {
+					hi = mid;
+				} else {
+					lo = mid;
+				}
+
+			}
+			p->histogram[lo]++;
+		}
 	}
 
 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
@@ -494,7 +574,7 @@ static void dm_stat_for_entry(struct dm_stat *s, size_t entry,
 
 static void __dm_stat_bio(struct dm_stat *s, unsigned long bi_rw,
 			  sector_t bi_sector, sector_t end_sector,
-			  bool end, unsigned long duration,
+			  bool end, unsigned long duration_jiffies,
 			  struct dm_stats_aux *stats_aux)
 {
 	sector_t rel_sector, offset, todo, fragment_len;
@@ -523,7 +603,7 @@ static void __dm_stat_bio(struct dm_stat *s, unsigned long bi_rw,
 		if (fragment_len > s->step - offset)
 			fragment_len = s->step - offset;
 		dm_stat_for_entry(s, entry, bi_rw, fragment_len,
-				  stats_aux->merged, end, duration);
+				  stats_aux, end, duration_jiffies);
 		todo -= fragment_len;
 		entry++;
 		offset = 0;
@@ -532,11 +612,13 @@ static void __dm_stat_bio(struct dm_stat *s, unsigned long bi_rw,
 
 void dm_stats_account_io(struct dm_stats *stats, unsigned long bi_rw,
 			 sector_t bi_sector, unsigned bi_sectors, bool end,
-			 unsigned long duration, struct dm_stats_aux *stats_aux)
+			 unsigned long duration_jiffies,
+			 struct dm_stats_aux *stats_aux)
 {
 	struct dm_stat *s;
 	sector_t end_sector;
 	struct dm_stats_last_position *last;
+	bool got_precise_time;
 
 	if (unlikely(!bi_sectors))
 		return;
@@ -560,8 +642,17 @@ void dm_stats_account_io(struct dm_stats *stats, unsigned long bi_rw,
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 
-	list_for_each_entry_rcu(s, &stats->list, list_entry)
-		__dm_stat_bio(s, bi_rw, bi_sector, end_sector, end, duration, stats_aux);
+	got_precise_time = false;
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(s, &stats->list, list_entry) {
+		if (s->stat_flags & STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS && !got_precise_time) {
+			if (!end)
+				stats_aux->duration_ns = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get());
+			else
+				stats_aux->duration_ns = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()) - stats_aux->duration_ns;
+			got_precise_time = true;
+		}
+		__dm_stat_bio(s, bi_rw, bi_sector, end_sector, end, duration_jiffies, stats_aux);
+	}
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
@@ -574,10 +665,25 @@ static void __dm_stat_init_temporary_percpu_totals(struct dm_stat_shared *shared
 
 	local_irq_disable();
 	p = &s->stat_percpu[smp_processor_id()][x];
-	dm_stat_round(shared, p);
+	dm_stat_round(s, shared, p);
 	local_irq_enable();
 
-	memset(&shared->tmp, 0, sizeof(shared->tmp));
+	shared->tmp.sectors[READ] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.sectors[WRITE] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.ios[READ] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.ios[WRITE] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.merges[READ] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.merges[WRITE] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.ticks[READ] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.ticks[WRITE] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.io_ticks[READ] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.io_ticks[WRITE] = 0;
+	shared->tmp.io_ticks_total = 0;
+	shared->tmp.time_in_queue = 0;
+
+	if (s->n_histogram_entries)
+		memset(shared->tmp.histogram, 0, (s->n_histogram_entries + 1) * sizeof(unsigned long long));
+
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
 		p = &s->stat_percpu[cpu][x];
 		shared->tmp.sectors[READ] += ACCESS_ONCE(p->sectors[READ]);
@@ -592,6 +698,11 @@ static void __dm_stat_init_temporary_percpu_totals(struct dm_stat_shared *shared
 		shared->tmp.io_ticks[WRITE] += ACCESS_ONCE(p->io_ticks[WRITE]);
 		shared->tmp.io_ticks_total += ACCESS_ONCE(p->io_ticks_total);
 		shared->tmp.time_in_queue += ACCESS_ONCE(p->time_in_queue);
+		if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+			unsigned i;
+			for (i = 0; i < s->n_histogram_entries + 1; i++)
+				shared->tmp.histogram[i] += ACCESS_ONCE(p->histogram[i]);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -621,6 +732,15 @@ static void __dm_stat_clear(struct dm_stat *s, size_t idx_start, size_t idx_end,
 		p->io_ticks_total -= shared->tmp.io_ticks_total;
 		p->time_in_queue -= shared->tmp.time_in_queue;
 		local_irq_enable();
+		if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+			unsigned i;
+			for (i = 0; i < s->n_histogram_entries + 1; i++) {
+				local_irq_disable();
+				p = &s->stat_percpu[smp_processor_id()][x];
+				p->histogram[i] -= shared->tmp.histogram[i];
+				local_irq_enable();
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -646,11 +766,15 @@ static int dm_stats_clear(struct dm_stats *stats, int id)
 /*
  * This is like jiffies_to_msec, but works for 64-bit values.
  */
-static unsigned long long dm_jiffies_to_msec64(unsigned long long j)
+static unsigned long long dm_jiffies_to_msec64(struct dm_stat *s, unsigned long long j)
 {
-	unsigned long long result = 0;
+	unsigned long long result;
 	unsigned mult;
 
+	if (s->stat_flags & STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS)
+		return j;
+
+	result = 0;
 	if (j)
 		result = jiffies_to_msecs(j & 0x3fffff);
 	if (j >= 1 << 22) {
@@ -706,22 +830,29 @@ static int dm_stats_print(struct dm_stats *stats, int id,
 
 		__dm_stat_init_temporary_percpu_totals(shared, s, x);
 
-		DMEMIT("%llu+%llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %d %llu %llu %llu %llu\n",
+		DMEMIT("%llu+%llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %llu %d %llu %llu %llu %llu",
 		       (unsigned long long)start,
 		       (unsigned long long)step,
 		       shared->tmp.ios[READ],
 		       shared->tmp.merges[READ],
 		       shared->tmp.sectors[READ],
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.ticks[READ]),
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.ticks[READ]),
 		       shared->tmp.ios[WRITE],
 		       shared->tmp.merges[WRITE],
 		       shared->tmp.sectors[WRITE],
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.ticks[WRITE]),
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.ticks[WRITE]),
 		       dm_stat_in_flight(shared),
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.io_ticks_total),
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.time_in_queue),
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.io_ticks[READ]),
-		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(shared->tmp.io_ticks[WRITE]));
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.io_ticks_total),
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.time_in_queue),
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.io_ticks[READ]),
+		       dm_jiffies_to_msec64(s, shared->tmp.io_ticks[WRITE]));
+		if (s->n_histogram_entries) {
+			unsigned i;
+			for (i = 0; i < s->n_histogram_entries + 1; i++) {
+				DMEMIT("%s%llu", !i ? " " : ":", shared->tmp.histogram[i]);
+			}
+		}
+		DMEMIT("\n");
 
 		if (unlikely(sz + 1 >= maxlen))
 			goto buffer_overflow;
@@ -763,55 +894,134 @@ static int dm_stats_set_aux(struct dm_stats *stats, int id, const char *aux_data
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int parse_histogram(const char *h, unsigned *n_histogram_entries,
+			   unsigned long long **histogram_boundaries)
+{
+	const char *q;
+	unsigned n;
+	unsigned long long last;
+
+	*n_histogram_entries = 1;
+	for (q = h; *q; q++)
+		if (*q == ',')
+			(*n_histogram_entries)++;
+
+	*histogram_boundaries = kmalloc(*n_histogram_entries * sizeof(unsigned long long), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!*histogram_boundaries)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	n = 0;
+	last = 0;
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned long long hi;
+		int s;
+		char ch;
+		s = sscanf(h, "%llu%c", &hi, &ch);
+		if (!s || (s == 2 && ch != ','))
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (hi <= last)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		last = hi;
+		(*histogram_boundaries)[n] = hi;
+		if (s == 1)
+			return 0;
+		h = strchr(h, ',') + 1;
+		n++;
+	}
+}
+
 static int message_stats_create(struct mapped_device *md,
 				unsigned argc, char **argv,
 				char *result, unsigned maxlen)
 {
+	int r;
 	int id;
 	char dummy;
 	unsigned long long start, end, len, step;
 	unsigned divisor;
 	const char *program_id, *aux_data;
+	unsigned stat_flags = 0;
+
+	unsigned n_histogram_entries = 0;
+	unsigned long long *histogram_boundaries = NULL;
+
+	struct dm_arg_set as, as_backup;
+	const char *a;
+	unsigned feature_args;
 
 	/*
 	 * Input format:
-	 *   <range> <step> [<program_id> [<aux_data>]]
+	 *   <range> <step> [<extra_parameters> <parameters>] [<program_id> [<aux_data>]]
 	 */
 
-	if (argc < 3 || argc > 5)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	if (argc < 3)
+		goto ret_einval;
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-")) {
+	as.argc = argc;
+	as.argv = argv;
+	dm_consume_args(&as, 1);
+
+	a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+	if (!strcmp(a, "-")) {
 		start = 0;
 		len = dm_get_size(md);
 		if (!len)
 			len = 1;
-	} else if (sscanf(argv[1], "%llu+%llu%c", &start, &len, &dummy) != 2 ||
+	} else if (sscanf(a, "%llu+%llu%c", &start, &len, &dummy) != 2 ||
 		   start != (sector_t)start || len != (sector_t)len)
-		return -EINVAL;
+		goto ret_einval;
 
 	end = start + len;
 	if (start >= end)
-		return -EINVAL;
+		goto ret_einval;
 
-	if (sscanf(argv[2], "/%u%c", &divisor, &dummy) == 1) {
+	a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+	if (sscanf(a, "/%u%c", &divisor, &dummy) == 1) {
+		if (!divisor)
+			return -EINVAL;
 		step = end - start;
 		if (do_div(step, divisor))
 			step++;
 		if (!step)
 			step = 1;
-	} else if (sscanf(argv[2], "%llu%c", &step, &dummy) != 1 ||
+	} else if (sscanf(a, "%llu%c", &step, &dummy) != 1 ||
 		   step != (sector_t)step || !step)
-		return -EINVAL;
+		goto ret_einval;
+
+	as_backup = as;
+	a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+	if (a && sscanf(a, "%u%c", &feature_args, &dummy) == 1) {
+		while (feature_args--) {
+			a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+			if (!a)
+				goto ret_einval;
+			if (!strcasecmp(a, "precise_timestamps"))
+				stat_flags |= STAT_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS;
+			else if (!strncasecmp(a, "histogram:", 10)) {
+				if (n_histogram_entries)
+					goto ret_einval;
+				if ((r = parse_histogram(a + 10, &n_histogram_entries, &histogram_boundaries)))
+					goto ret;
+			} else
+				goto ret_einval;
+		}
+	} else {
+		as = as_backup;
+	}
 
 	program_id = "-";
 	aux_data = "-";
 
-	if (argc > 3)
-		program_id = argv[3];
+	a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+	if (a)
+		program_id = a;
 
-	if (argc > 4)
-		aux_data = argv[4];
+	a = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+	if (a)
+		aux_data = a;
+
+	if (as.argc)
+		goto ret_einval;
 
 	/*
 	 * If a buffer overflow happens after we created the region,
@@ -820,17 +1030,29 @@ static int message_stats_create(struct mapped_device *md,
 	 * leaked).  So we must detect buffer overflow in advance.
 	 */
 	snprintf(result, maxlen, "%d", INT_MAX);
-	if (dm_message_test_buffer_overflow(result, maxlen))
-		return 1;
+	if (dm_message_test_buffer_overflow(result, maxlen)) {
+		r = 1;
+		goto ret;
+	}
 
-	id = dm_stats_create(dm_get_stats(md), start, end, step, program_id, aux_data,
+	id = dm_stats_create(dm_get_stats(md), start, end, step, stat_flags,
+			     n_histogram_entries, histogram_boundaries, program_id, aux_data,
 			     dm_internal_suspend_fast, dm_internal_resume_fast, md);
-	if (id < 0)
-		return id;
+	if (id < 0) {
+		r = id;
+		goto ret;
+	}
 
 	snprintf(result, maxlen, "%d", id);
 
-	return 1;
+	r = 1;
+	goto ret;
+
+ret_einval:
+	r = -EINVAL;
+ret:
+	kfree(histogram_boundaries);
+	return r;
 }
 
 static int message_stats_delete(struct mapped_device *md,
@@ -933,11 +1155,6 @@ int dm_stats_message(struct mapped_device *md, unsigned argc, char **argv,
 {
 	int r;
 
-	if (dm_request_based(md)) {
-		DMWARN("Statistics are only supported for bio-based devices");
-		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-	}
-
 	/* All messages here must start with '@' */
 	if (!strcasecmp(argv[0], "@stats_create"))
 		r = message_stats_create(md, argc, argv, result, maxlen);
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-stats.h b/drivers/md/dm-stats.h
index e7c4984bf235..f1c0956e3843 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-stats.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-stats.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ struct dm_stats {
 
 struct dm_stats_aux {
 	bool merged;
+	unsigned long long duration_ns;
 };
 
 void dm_stats_init(struct dm_stats *st);
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ int dm_stats_message(struct mapped_device *md, unsigned argc, char **argv,
 
 void dm_stats_account_io(struct dm_stats *stats, unsigned long bi_rw,
 			 sector_t bi_sector, unsigned bi_sectors, bool end,
-			 unsigned long duration, struct dm_stats_aux *aux);
+			 unsigned long duration_jiffies,
+			 struct dm_stats_aux *aux);
 
 static inline bool dm_stats_used(struct dm_stats *st)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c b/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
index f8b37d4c05d8..a672a1502c14 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-stripe.c
@@ -451,10 +451,8 @@ int __init dm_stripe_init(void)
 	int r;
 
 	r = dm_register_target(&stripe_target);
-	if (r < 0) {
+	if (r < 0)
 		DMWARN("target registration failed");
-		return r;
-	}
 
 	return r;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-table.c b/drivers/md/dm-table.c
index a5f94125ad01..85e1d39e9a38 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-table.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-table.c
@@ -964,8 +964,8 @@ static int dm_table_alloc_md_mempools(struct dm_table *t, struct mapped_device *
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	if (!t->mempools)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (IS_ERR(t->mempools))
+		return PTR_ERR(t->mempools);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.c b/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.c
index 79f694120ddf..48dfe3c4d6aa 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.c
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ struct dm_pool_metadata {
 	uint64_t trans_id;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	sector_t data_block_size;
-	bool read_only:1;
 
 	/*
 	 * Set if a transaction has to be aborted but the attempt to roll back
@@ -836,7 +835,6 @@ struct dm_pool_metadata *dm_pool_metadata_open(struct block_device *bdev,
 	init_rwsem(&pmd->root_lock);
 	pmd->time = 0;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pmd->thin_devices);
-	pmd->read_only = false;
 	pmd->fail_io = false;
 	pmd->bdev = bdev;
 	pmd->data_block_size = data_block_size;
@@ -880,7 +878,7 @@ int dm_pool_metadata_close(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd)
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 
-	if (!pmd->read_only && !pmd->fail_io) {
+	if (!dm_bm_is_read_only(pmd->bm) && !pmd->fail_io) {
 		r = __commit_transaction(pmd);
 		if (r < 0)
 			DMWARN("%s: __commit_transaction() failed, error = %d",
@@ -1392,10 +1390,11 @@ int dm_thin_find_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block,
 	dm_block_t keys[2] = { td->id, block };
 	struct dm_btree_info *info;
 
-	if (pmd->fail_io)
-		return -EINVAL;
-
 	down_read(&pmd->root_lock);
+	if (pmd->fail_io) {
+		up_read(&pmd->root_lock);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 
 	if (can_issue_io) {
 		info = &pmd->info;
@@ -1419,6 +1418,63 @@ int dm_thin_find_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block,
 	return r;
 }
 
+/* FIXME: write a more efficient one in btree */
+int dm_thin_find_mapped_range(struct dm_thin_device *td,
+			      dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end,
+			      dm_block_t *thin_begin, dm_block_t *thin_end,
+			      dm_block_t *pool_begin, bool *maybe_shared)
+{
+	int r;
+	dm_block_t pool_end;
+	struct dm_thin_lookup_result lookup;
+
+	if (end < begin)
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find first mapped block.
+	 */
+	while (begin < end) {
+		r = dm_thin_find_block(td, begin, true, &lookup);
+		if (r) {
+			if (r != -ENODATA)
+				return r;
+		} else
+			break;
+
+		begin++;
+	}
+
+	if (begin == end)
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	*thin_begin = begin;
+	*pool_begin = lookup.block;
+	*maybe_shared = lookup.shared;
+
+	begin++;
+	pool_end = *pool_begin + 1;
+	while (begin != end) {
+		r = dm_thin_find_block(td, begin, true, &lookup);
+		if (r) {
+			if (r == -ENODATA)
+				break;
+			else
+				return r;
+		}
+
+		if ((lookup.block != pool_end) ||
+		    (lookup.shared != *maybe_shared))
+			break;
+
+		pool_end++;
+		begin++;
+	}
+
+	*thin_end = begin;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int __insert(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block,
 		    dm_block_t data_block)
 {
@@ -1471,6 +1527,47 @@ static int __remove(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int __remove_range(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end)
+{
+	int r;
+	unsigned count;
+	struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd = td->pmd;
+	dm_block_t keys[1] = { td->id };
+	__le64 value;
+	dm_block_t mapping_root;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the mapping tree
+	 */
+	r = dm_btree_lookup(&pmd->tl_info, pmd->root, keys, &value);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	/*
+	 * Remove from the mapping tree, taking care to inc the
+	 * ref count so it doesn't get deleted.
+	 */
+	mapping_root = le64_to_cpu(value);
+	dm_tm_inc(pmd->tm, mapping_root);
+	r = dm_btree_remove(&pmd->tl_info, pmd->root, keys, &pmd->root);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	r = dm_btree_remove_leaves(&pmd->bl_info, mapping_root, &begin, end, &mapping_root, &count);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	td->mapped_blocks -= count;
+	td->changed = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reinsert the mapping tree.
+	 */
+	value = cpu_to_le64(mapping_root);
+	__dm_bless_for_disk(&value);
+	return dm_btree_insert(&pmd->tl_info, pmd->root, keys, &value, &pmd->root);
+}
+
 int dm_thin_remove_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block)
 {
 	int r = -EINVAL;
@@ -1483,6 +1580,19 @@ int dm_thin_remove_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block)
 	return r;
 }
 
+int dm_thin_remove_range(struct dm_thin_device *td,
+			 dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end)
+{
+	int r = -EINVAL;
+
+	down_write(&td->pmd->root_lock);
+	if (!td->pmd->fail_io)
+		r = __remove_range(td, begin, end);
+	up_write(&td->pmd->root_lock);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
 int dm_pool_block_is_used(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd, dm_block_t b, bool *result)
 {
 	int r;
@@ -1739,7 +1849,6 @@ int dm_pool_resize_metadata_dev(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd, dm_block_t new_cou
 void dm_pool_metadata_read_only(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd)
 {
 	down_write(&pmd->root_lock);
-	pmd->read_only = true;
 	dm_bm_set_read_only(pmd->bm);
 	up_write(&pmd->root_lock);
 }
@@ -1747,7 +1856,6 @@ void dm_pool_metadata_read_only(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd)
 void dm_pool_metadata_read_write(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd)
 {
 	down_write(&pmd->root_lock);
-	pmd->read_only = false;
 	dm_bm_set_read_write(pmd->bm);
 	up_write(&pmd->root_lock);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.h b/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.h
index fac01a96d303..a938babe4258 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.h
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-thin-metadata.h
@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ int dm_thin_find_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block,
 		       int can_issue_io, struct dm_thin_lookup_result *result);
 
 /*
+ * Retrieve the next run of contiguously mapped blocks.  Useful for working
+ * out where to break up IO.  Returns 0 on success, < 0 on error.
+ */
+int dm_thin_find_mapped_range(struct dm_thin_device *td,
+			      dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end,
+			      dm_block_t *thin_begin, dm_block_t *thin_end,
+			      dm_block_t *pool_begin, bool *maybe_shared);
+
+/*
  * Obtain an unused block.
  */
 int dm_pool_alloc_data_block(struct dm_pool_metadata *pmd, dm_block_t *result);
@@ -158,6 +167,8 @@ int dm_thin_insert_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block,
 			 dm_block_t data_block);
 
 int dm_thin_remove_block(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t block);
+int dm_thin_remove_range(struct dm_thin_device *td,
+			 dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end);
 
 /*
  * Queries.
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-thin.c b/drivers/md/dm-thin.c
index e852602c0091..c33f61a4cc28 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-thin.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-thin.c
@@ -111,22 +111,30 @@ DECLARE_DM_KCOPYD_THROTTLE_WITH_MODULE_PARM(snapshot_copy_throttle,
 /*
  * Key building.
  */
-static void build_data_key(struct dm_thin_device *td,
-			   dm_block_t b, struct dm_cell_key *key)
+enum lock_space {
+	VIRTUAL,
+	PHYSICAL
+};
+
+static void build_key(struct dm_thin_device *td, enum lock_space ls,
+		      dm_block_t b, dm_block_t e, struct dm_cell_key *key)
 {
-	key->virtual = 0;
+	key->virtual = (ls == VIRTUAL);
 	key->dev = dm_thin_dev_id(td);
 	key->block_begin = b;
-	key->block_end = b + 1ULL;
+	key->block_end = e;
+}
+
+static void build_data_key(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t b,
+			   struct dm_cell_key *key)
+{
+	build_key(td, PHYSICAL, b, b + 1llu, key);
 }
 
 static void build_virtual_key(struct dm_thin_device *td, dm_block_t b,
 			      struct dm_cell_key *key)
 {
-	key->virtual = 1;
-	key->dev = dm_thin_dev_id(td);
-	key->block_begin = b;
-	key->block_end = b + 1ULL;
+	build_key(td, VIRTUAL, b, b + 1llu, key);
 }
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -312,6 +320,138 @@ struct thin_c {
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+/**
+ * __blkdev_issue_discard_async - queue a discard with async completion
+ * @bdev:	blockdev to issue discard for
+ * @sector:	start sector
+ * @nr_sects:	number of sectors to discard
+ * @gfp_mask:	memory allocation flags (for bio_alloc)
+ * @flags:	BLKDEV_IFL_* flags to control behaviour
+ * @parent_bio: parent discard bio that all sub discards get chained to
+ *
+ * Description:
+ *    Asynchronously issue a discard request for the sectors in question.
+ *    NOTE: this variant of blk-core's blkdev_issue_discard() is a stop-gap
+ *    that is being kept local to DM thinp until the block changes to allow
+ *    late bio splitting land upstream.
+ */
+static int __blkdev_issue_discard_async(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
+					sector_t nr_sects, gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned long flags,
+					struct bio *parent_bio)
+{
+	struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
+	int type = REQ_WRITE | REQ_DISCARD;
+	unsigned int max_discard_sectors, granularity;
+	int alignment;
+	struct bio *bio;
+	int ret = 0;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	if (!q)
+		return -ENXIO;
+
+	if (!blk_queue_discard(q))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	/* Zero-sector (unknown) and one-sector granularities are the same.  */
+	granularity = max(q->limits.discard_granularity >> 9, 1U);
+	alignment = (bdev_discard_alignment(bdev) >> 9) % granularity;
+
+	/*
+	 * Ensure that max_discard_sectors is of the proper
+	 * granularity, so that requests stay aligned after a split.
+	 */
+	max_discard_sectors = min(q->limits.max_discard_sectors, UINT_MAX >> 9);
+	max_discard_sectors -= max_discard_sectors % granularity;
+	if (unlikely(!max_discard_sectors)) {
+		/* Avoid infinite loop below. Being cautious never hurts. */
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & BLKDEV_DISCARD_SECURE) {
+		if (!blk_queue_secdiscard(q))
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		type |= REQ_SECURE;
+	}
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	while (nr_sects) {
+		unsigned int req_sects;
+		sector_t end_sect, tmp;
+
+		/*
+		 * Required bio_put occurs in bio_endio thanks to bio_chain below
+		 */
+		bio = bio_alloc(gfp_mask, 1);
+		if (!bio) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		req_sects = min_t(sector_t, nr_sects, max_discard_sectors);
+
+		/*
+		 * If splitting a request, and the next starting sector would be
+		 * misaligned, stop the discard at the previous aligned sector.
+		 */
+		end_sect = sector + req_sects;
+		tmp = end_sect;
+		if (req_sects < nr_sects &&
+		    sector_div(tmp, granularity) != alignment) {
+			end_sect = end_sect - alignment;
+			sector_div(end_sect, granularity);
+			end_sect = end_sect * granularity + alignment;
+			req_sects = end_sect - sector;
+		}
+
+		bio_chain(bio, parent_bio);
+
+		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = sector;
+		bio->bi_bdev = bdev;
+
+		bio->bi_iter.bi_size = req_sects << 9;
+		nr_sects -= req_sects;
+		sector = end_sect;
+
+		submit_bio(type, bio);
+
+		/*
+		 * We can loop for a long time in here, if someone does
+		 * full device discards (like mkfs). Be nice and allow
+		 * us to schedule out to avoid softlocking if preempt
+		 * is disabled.
+		 */
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static bool block_size_is_power_of_two(struct pool *pool)
+{
+	return pool->sectors_per_block_shift >= 0;
+}
+
+static sector_t block_to_sectors(struct pool *pool, dm_block_t b)
+{
+	return block_size_is_power_of_two(pool) ?
+		(b << pool->sectors_per_block_shift) :
+		(b * pool->sectors_per_block);
+}
+
+static int issue_discard(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t data_b, dm_block_t data_e,
+			 struct bio *parent_bio)
+{
+	sector_t s = block_to_sectors(tc->pool, data_b);
+	sector_t len = block_to_sectors(tc->pool, data_e - data_b);
+
+	return __blkdev_issue_discard_async(tc->pool_dev->bdev, s, len,
+					    GFP_NOWAIT, 0, parent_bio);
+}
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
 /*
  * wake_worker() is used when new work is queued and when pool_resume is
  * ready to continue deferred IO processing.
@@ -461,6 +601,7 @@ struct dm_thin_endio_hook {
 	struct dm_deferred_entry *all_io_entry;
 	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *overwrite_mapping;
 	struct rb_node rb_node;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell;
 };
 
 static void __merge_bio_list(struct bio_list *bios, struct bio_list *master)
@@ -541,11 +682,6 @@ static void error_retry_list(struct pool *pool)
  * target.
  */
 
-static bool block_size_is_power_of_two(struct pool *pool)
-{
-	return pool->sectors_per_block_shift >= 0;
-}
-
 static dm_block_t get_bio_block(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio)
 {
 	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
@@ -559,6 +695,34 @@ static dm_block_t get_bio_block(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio)
 	return block_nr;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Returns the _complete_ blocks that this bio covers.
+ */
+static void get_bio_block_range(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio,
+				dm_block_t *begin, dm_block_t *end)
+{
+	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
+	sector_t b = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;
+	sector_t e = b + (bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
+
+	b += pool->sectors_per_block - 1ull; /* so we round up */
+
+	if (block_size_is_power_of_two(pool)) {
+		b >>= pool->sectors_per_block_shift;
+		e >>= pool->sectors_per_block_shift;
+	} else {
+		(void) sector_div(b, pool->sectors_per_block);
+		(void) sector_div(e, pool->sectors_per_block);
+	}
+
+	if (e < b)
+		/* Can happen if the bio is within a single block. */
+		e = b;
+
+	*begin = b;
+	*end = e;
+}
+
 static void remap(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio, dm_block_t block)
 {
 	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
@@ -647,7 +811,7 @@ struct dm_thin_new_mapping {
 	struct list_head list;
 
 	bool pass_discard:1;
-	bool definitely_not_shared:1;
+	bool maybe_shared:1;
 
 	/*
 	 * Track quiescing, copying and zeroing preparation actions.  When this
@@ -658,9 +822,9 @@ struct dm_thin_new_mapping {
 
 	int err;
 	struct thin_c *tc;
-	dm_block_t virt_block;
+	dm_block_t virt_begin, virt_end;
 	dm_block_t data_block;
-	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell, *cell2;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the bio covers the whole area of a block then we can avoid
@@ -705,6 +869,8 @@ static void overwrite_endio(struct bio *bio, int err)
 	struct dm_thin_endio_hook *h = dm_per_bio_data(bio, sizeof(struct dm_thin_endio_hook));
 	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m = h->overwrite_mapping;
 
+	bio->bi_end_io = m->saved_bi_end_io;
+
 	m->err = err;
 	complete_mapping_preparation(m);
 }
@@ -793,9 +959,6 @@ static void inc_remap_and_issue_cell(struct thin_c *tc,
 
 static void process_prepared_mapping_fail(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
-	if (m->bio)
-		m->bio->bi_end_io = m->saved_bi_end_io;
-
 	cell_error(m->tc->pool, m->cell);
 	list_del(&m->list);
 	mempool_free(m, m->tc->pool->mapping_pool);
@@ -805,13 +968,9 @@ static void process_prepared_mapping(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
 	struct thin_c *tc = m->tc;
 	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
-	struct bio *bio;
+	struct bio *bio = m->bio;
 	int r;
 
-	bio = m->bio;
-	if (bio)
-		bio->bi_end_io = m->saved_bi_end_io;
-
 	if (m->err) {
 		cell_error(pool, m->cell);
 		goto out;
@@ -822,7 +981,7 @@ static void process_prepared_mapping(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 	 * Any I/O for this block arriving after this point will get
 	 * remapped to it directly.
 	 */
-	r = dm_thin_insert_block(tc->td, m->virt_block, m->data_block);
+	r = dm_thin_insert_block(tc->td, m->virt_begin, m->data_block);
 	if (r) {
 		metadata_operation_failed(pool, "dm_thin_insert_block", r);
 		cell_error(pool, m->cell);
@@ -849,50 +1008,112 @@ out:
 	mempool_free(m, pool->mapping_pool);
 }
 
-static void process_prepared_discard_fail(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static void free_discard_mapping(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
 	struct thin_c *tc = m->tc;
+	if (m->cell)
+		cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell);
+	mempool_free(m, tc->pool->mapping_pool);
+}
 
+static void process_prepared_discard_fail(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+{
 	bio_io_error(m->bio);
+	free_discard_mapping(m);
+}
+
+static void process_prepared_discard_success(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+{
+	bio_endio(m->bio, 0);
+	free_discard_mapping(m);
+}
+
+static void process_prepared_discard_no_passdown(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+{
+	int r;
+	struct thin_c *tc = m->tc;
+
+	r = dm_thin_remove_range(tc->td, m->cell->key.block_begin, m->cell->key.block_end);
+	if (r) {
+		metadata_operation_failed(tc->pool, "dm_thin_remove_range", r);
+		bio_io_error(m->bio);
+	} else
+		bio_endio(m->bio, 0);
+
 	cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell);
-	cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell2);
 	mempool_free(m, tc->pool->mapping_pool);
 }
 
-static void process_prepared_discard_passdown(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+static int passdown_double_checking_shared_status(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
+	/*
+	 * We've already unmapped this range of blocks, but before we
+	 * passdown we have to check that these blocks are now unused.
+	 */
+	int r;
+	bool used = true;
 	struct thin_c *tc = m->tc;
+	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
+	dm_block_t b = m->data_block, e, end = m->data_block + m->virt_end - m->virt_begin;
 
-	inc_all_io_entry(tc->pool, m->bio);
-	cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell);
-	cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell2);
+	while (b != end) {
+		/* find start of unmapped run */
+		for (; b < end; b++) {
+			r = dm_pool_block_is_used(pool->pmd, b, &used);
+			if (r)
+				return r;
 
-	if (m->pass_discard)
-		if (m->definitely_not_shared)
-			remap_and_issue(tc, m->bio, m->data_block);
-		else {
-			bool used = false;
-			if (dm_pool_block_is_used(tc->pool->pmd, m->data_block, &used) || used)
-				bio_endio(m->bio, 0);
-			else
-				remap_and_issue(tc, m->bio, m->data_block);
+			if (!used)
+				break;
 		}
-	else
-		bio_endio(m->bio, 0);
 
-	mempool_free(m, tc->pool->mapping_pool);
+		if (b == end)
+			break;
+
+		/* find end of run */
+		for (e = b + 1; e != end; e++) {
+			r = dm_pool_block_is_used(pool->pmd, e, &used);
+			if (r)
+				return r;
+
+			if (used)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		r = issue_discard(tc, b, e, m->bio);
+		if (r)
+			return r;
+
+		b = e;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void process_prepared_discard(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
+static void process_prepared_discard_passdown(struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
 	int r;
 	struct thin_c *tc = m->tc;
+	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
 
-	r = dm_thin_remove_block(tc->td, m->virt_block);
+	r = dm_thin_remove_range(tc->td, m->virt_begin, m->virt_end);
 	if (r)
-		DMERR_LIMIT("dm_thin_remove_block() failed");
+		metadata_operation_failed(pool, "dm_thin_remove_range", r);
+
+	else if (m->maybe_shared)
+		r = passdown_double_checking_shared_status(m);
+	else
+		r = issue_discard(tc, m->data_block, m->data_block + (m->virt_end - m->virt_begin), m->bio);
 
-	process_prepared_discard_passdown(m);
+	/*
+	 * Even if r is set, there could be sub discards in flight that we
+	 * need to wait for.
+	 */
+	bio_endio(m->bio, r);
+	cell_defer_no_holder(tc, m->cell);
+	mempool_free(m, pool->mapping_pool);
 }
 
 static void process_prepared(struct pool *pool, struct list_head *head,
@@ -976,7 +1197,7 @@ static void ll_zero(struct thin_c *tc, struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m,
 }
 
 static void remap_and_issue_overwrite(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio,
-				      dm_block_t data_block,
+				      dm_block_t data_begin,
 				      struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m)
 {
 	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
@@ -986,7 +1207,7 @@ static void remap_and_issue_overwrite(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio,
 	m->bio = bio;
 	save_and_set_endio(bio, &m->saved_bi_end_io, overwrite_endio);
 	inc_all_io_entry(pool, bio);
-	remap_and_issue(tc, bio, data_block);
+	remap_and_issue(tc, bio, data_begin);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1003,7 +1224,8 @@ static void schedule_copy(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t virt_block,
 	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m = get_next_mapping(pool);
 
 	m->tc = tc;
-	m->virt_block = virt_block;
+	m->virt_begin = virt_block;
+	m->virt_end = virt_block + 1u;
 	m->data_block = data_dest;
 	m->cell = cell;
 
@@ -1082,7 +1304,8 @@ static void schedule_zero(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t virt_block,
 
 	atomic_set(&m->prepare_actions, 1); /* no need to quiesce */
 	m->tc = tc;
-	m->virt_block = virt_block;
+	m->virt_begin = virt_block;
+	m->virt_end = virt_block + 1u;
 	m->data_block = data_block;
 	m->cell = cell;
 
@@ -1091,16 +1314,14 @@ static void schedule_zero(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t virt_block,
 	 * zeroing pre-existing data, we can issue the bio immediately.
 	 * Otherwise we use kcopyd to zero the data first.
 	 */
-	if (!pool->pf.zero_new_blocks)
+	if (pool->pf.zero_new_blocks) {
+		if (io_overwrites_block(pool, bio))
+			remap_and_issue_overwrite(tc, bio, data_block, m);
+		else
+			ll_zero(tc, m, data_block * pool->sectors_per_block,
+				(data_block + 1) * pool->sectors_per_block);
+	} else
 		process_prepared_mapping(m);
-
-	else if (io_overwrites_block(pool, bio))
-		remap_and_issue_overwrite(tc, bio, data_block, m);
-
-	else
-		ll_zero(tc, m,
-			data_block * pool->sectors_per_block,
-			(data_block + 1) * pool->sectors_per_block);
 }
 
 static void schedule_external_copy(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t virt_block,
@@ -1291,99 +1512,149 @@ static void retry_bios_on_resume(struct pool *pool, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *c
 		retry_on_resume(bio);
 }
 
-static void process_discard_cell(struct thin_c *tc, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell)
+static void process_discard_cell_no_passdown(struct thin_c *tc,
+					     struct dm_bio_prison_cell *virt_cell)
 {
-	int r;
-	struct bio *bio = cell->holder;
 	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
-	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell2;
-	struct dm_cell_key key2;
-	dm_block_t block = get_bio_block(tc, bio);
-	struct dm_thin_lookup_result lookup_result;
-	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m;
+	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m = get_next_mapping(pool);
 
-	if (tc->requeue_mode) {
-		cell_requeue(pool, cell);
-		return;
-	}
+	/*
+	 * We don't need to lock the data blocks, since there's no
+	 * passdown.  We only lock data blocks for allocation and breaking sharing.
+	 */
+	m->tc = tc;
+	m->virt_begin = virt_cell->key.block_begin;
+	m->virt_end = virt_cell->key.block_end;
+	m->cell = virt_cell;
+	m->bio = virt_cell->holder;
 
-	r = dm_thin_find_block(tc->td, block, 1, &lookup_result);
-	switch (r) {
-	case 0:
-		/*
-		 * Check nobody is fiddling with this pool block.  This can
-		 * happen if someone's in the process of breaking sharing
-		 * on this block.
-		 */
-		build_data_key(tc->td, lookup_result.block, &key2);
-		if (bio_detain(tc->pool, &key2, bio, &cell2)) {
-			cell_defer_no_holder(tc, cell);
-			break;
-		}
+	if (!dm_deferred_set_add_work(pool->all_io_ds, &m->list))
+		pool->process_prepared_discard(m);
+}
 
-		if (io_overlaps_block(pool, bio)) {
-			/*
-			 * IO may still be going to the destination block.  We must
-			 * quiesce before we can do the removal.
-			 */
-			m = get_next_mapping(pool);
-			m->tc = tc;
-			m->pass_discard = pool->pf.discard_passdown;
-			m->definitely_not_shared = !lookup_result.shared;
-			m->virt_block = block;
-			m->data_block = lookup_result.block;
-			m->cell = cell;
-			m->cell2 = cell2;
-			m->bio = bio;
-
-			if (!dm_deferred_set_add_work(pool->all_io_ds, &m->list))
-				pool->process_prepared_discard(m);
+/*
+ * FIXME: DM local hack to defer parent bios's end_io until we
+ * _know_ all chained sub range discard bios have completed.
+ * Will go away once late bio splitting lands upstream!
+ */
+static inline void __bio_inc_remaining(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	bio->bi_flags |= (1 << BIO_CHAIN);
+	smp_mb__before_atomic();
+	atomic_inc(&bio->__bi_remaining);
+}
 
-		} else {
-			inc_all_io_entry(pool, bio);
-			cell_defer_no_holder(tc, cell);
-			cell_defer_no_holder(tc, cell2);
+static void break_up_discard_bio(struct thin_c *tc, dm_block_t begin, dm_block_t end,
+				 struct bio *bio)
+{
+	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
 
+	int r;
+	bool maybe_shared;
+	struct dm_cell_key data_key;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *data_cell;
+	struct dm_thin_new_mapping *m;
+	dm_block_t virt_begin, virt_end, data_begin;
+
+	while (begin != end) {
+		r = ensure_next_mapping(pool);
+		if (r)
+			/* we did our best */
+			return;
+
+		r = dm_thin_find_mapped_range(tc->td, begin, end, &virt_begin, &virt_end,
+					      &data_begin, &maybe_shared);
+		if (r)
 			/*
-			 * The DM core makes sure that the discard doesn't span
-			 * a block boundary.  So we submit the discard of a
-			 * partial block appropriately.
+			 * Silently fail, letting any mappings we've
+			 * created complete.
 			 */
-			if ((!lookup_result.shared) && pool->pf.discard_passdown)
-				remap_and_issue(tc, bio, lookup_result.block);
-			else
-				bio_endio(bio, 0);
+			break;
+
+		build_key(tc->td, PHYSICAL, data_begin, data_begin + (virt_end - virt_begin), &data_key);
+		if (bio_detain(tc->pool, &data_key, NULL, &data_cell)) {
+			/* contention, we'll give up with this range */
+			begin = virt_end;
+			continue;
 		}
-		break;
 
-	case -ENODATA:
 		/*
-		 * It isn't provisioned, just forget it.
+		 * IO may still be going to the destination block.  We must
+		 * quiesce before we can do the removal.
 		 */
-		cell_defer_no_holder(tc, cell);
-		bio_endio(bio, 0);
-		break;
+		m = get_next_mapping(pool);
+		m->tc = tc;
+		m->maybe_shared = maybe_shared;
+		m->virt_begin = virt_begin;
+		m->virt_end = virt_end;
+		m->data_block = data_begin;
+		m->cell = data_cell;
+		m->bio = bio;
 
-	default:
-		DMERR_LIMIT("%s: dm_thin_find_block() failed: error = %d",
-			    __func__, r);
-		cell_defer_no_holder(tc, cell);
-		bio_io_error(bio);
-		break;
+		/*
+		 * The parent bio must not complete before sub discard bios are
+		 * chained to it (see __blkdev_issue_discard_async's bio_chain)!
+		 *
+		 * This per-mapping bi_remaining increment is paired with
+		 * the implicit decrement that occurs via bio_endio() in
+		 * process_prepared_discard_{passdown,no_passdown}.
+		 */
+		__bio_inc_remaining(bio);
+		if (!dm_deferred_set_add_work(pool->all_io_ds, &m->list))
+			pool->process_prepared_discard(m);
+
+		begin = virt_end;
 	}
 }
 
+static void process_discard_cell_passdown(struct thin_c *tc, struct dm_bio_prison_cell *virt_cell)
+{
+	struct bio *bio = virt_cell->holder;
+	struct dm_thin_endio_hook *h = dm_per_bio_data(bio, sizeof(struct dm_thin_endio_hook));
+
+	/*
+	 * The virt_cell will only get freed once the origin bio completes.
+	 * This means it will remain locked while all the individual
+	 * passdown bios are in flight.
+	 */
+	h->cell = virt_cell;
+	break_up_discard_bio(tc, virt_cell->key.block_begin, virt_cell->key.block_end, bio);
+
+	/*
+	 * We complete the bio now, knowing that the bi_remaining field
+	 * will prevent completion until the sub range discards have
+	 * completed.
+	 */
+	bio_endio(bio, 0);
+}
+
 static void process_discard_bio(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio)
 {
-	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *cell;
-	struct dm_cell_key key;
-	dm_block_t block = get_bio_block(tc, bio);
+	dm_block_t begin, end;
+	struct dm_cell_key virt_key;
+	struct dm_bio_prison_cell *virt_cell;
 
-	build_virtual_key(tc->td, block, &key);
-	if (bio_detain(tc->pool, &key, bio, &cell))
+	get_bio_block_range(tc, bio, &begin, &end);
+	if (begin == end) {
+		/*
+		 * The discard covers less than a block.
+		 */
+		bio_endio(bio, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	build_key(tc->td, VIRTUAL, begin, end, &virt_key);
+	if (bio_detain(tc->pool, &virt_key, bio, &virt_cell))
+		/*
+		 * Potential starvation issue: We're relying on the
+		 * fs/application being well behaved, and not trying to
+		 * send IO to a region at the same time as discarding it.
+		 * If they do this persistently then it's possible this
+		 * cell will never be granted.
+		 */
 		return;
 
-	process_discard_cell(tc, cell);
+	tc->pool->process_discard_cell(tc, virt_cell);
 }
 
 static void break_sharing(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio, dm_block_t block,
@@ -2099,6 +2370,24 @@ static void notify_of_pool_mode_change(struct pool *pool, const char *new_mode)
 	       dm_device_name(pool->pool_md), new_mode);
 }
 
+static bool passdown_enabled(struct pool_c *pt)
+{
+	return pt->adjusted_pf.discard_passdown;
+}
+
+static void set_discard_callbacks(struct pool *pool)
+{
+	struct pool_c *pt = pool->ti->private;
+
+	if (passdown_enabled(pt)) {
+		pool->process_discard_cell = process_discard_cell_passdown;
+		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard_passdown;
+	} else {
+		pool->process_discard_cell = process_discard_cell_no_passdown;
+		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard_no_passdown;
+	}
+}
+
 static void set_pool_mode(struct pool *pool, enum pool_mode new_mode)
 {
 	struct pool_c *pt = pool->ti->private;
@@ -2150,7 +2439,7 @@ static void set_pool_mode(struct pool *pool, enum pool_mode new_mode)
 		pool->process_cell = process_cell_read_only;
 		pool->process_discard_cell = process_cell_success;
 		pool->process_prepared_mapping = process_prepared_mapping_fail;
-		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard_passdown;
+		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard_success;
 
 		error_retry_list(pool);
 		break;
@@ -2169,9 +2458,8 @@ static void set_pool_mode(struct pool *pool, enum pool_mode new_mode)
 		pool->process_bio = process_bio_read_only;
 		pool->process_discard = process_discard_bio;
 		pool->process_cell = process_cell_read_only;
-		pool->process_discard_cell = process_discard_cell;
 		pool->process_prepared_mapping = process_prepared_mapping;
-		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard;
+		set_discard_callbacks(pool);
 
 		if (!pool->pf.error_if_no_space && no_space_timeout)
 			queue_delayed_work(pool->wq, &pool->no_space_timeout, no_space_timeout);
@@ -2184,9 +2472,8 @@ static void set_pool_mode(struct pool *pool, enum pool_mode new_mode)
 		pool->process_bio = process_bio;
 		pool->process_discard = process_discard_bio;
 		pool->process_cell = process_cell;
-		pool->process_discard_cell = process_discard_cell;
 		pool->process_prepared_mapping = process_prepared_mapping;
-		pool->process_prepared_discard = process_prepared_discard;
+		set_discard_callbacks(pool);
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -2275,6 +2562,7 @@ static void thin_hook_bio(struct thin_c *tc, struct bio *bio)
 	h->shared_read_entry = NULL;
 	h->all_io_entry = NULL;
 	h->overwrite_mapping = NULL;
+	h->cell = NULL;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2422,7 +2710,6 @@ static void disable_passdown_if_not_supported(struct pool_c *pt)
 	struct pool *pool = pt->pool;
 	struct block_device *data_bdev = pt->data_dev->bdev;
 	struct queue_limits *data_limits = &bdev_get_queue(data_bdev)->limits;
-	sector_t block_size = pool->sectors_per_block << SECTOR_SHIFT;
 	const char *reason = NULL;
 	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
 
@@ -2435,12 +2722,6 @@ static void disable_passdown_if_not_supported(struct pool_c *pt)
 	else if (data_limits->max_discard_sectors < pool->sectors_per_block)
 		reason = "max discard sectors smaller than a block";
 
-	else if (data_limits->discard_granularity > block_size)
-		reason = "discard granularity larger than a block";
-
-	else if (!is_factor(block_size, data_limits->discard_granularity))
-		reason = "discard granularity not a factor of block size";
-
 	if (reason) {
 		DMWARN("Data device (%s) %s: Disabling discard passdown.", bdevname(data_bdev, buf), reason);
 		pt->adjusted_pf.discard_passdown = false;
@@ -3375,7 +3656,7 @@ static int pool_message(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	if (get_pool_mode(pool) >= PM_READ_ONLY) {
 		DMERR("%s: unable to service pool target messages in READ_ONLY or FAIL mode",
 		      dm_device_name(pool->pool_md));
-		return -EINVAL;
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
 	}
 
 	if (!strcasecmp(argv[0], "create_thin"))
@@ -3573,24 +3854,6 @@ static int pool_merge(struct dm_target *ti, struct bvec_merge_data *bvm,
 	return min(max_size, q->merge_bvec_fn(q, bvm, biovec));
 }
 
-static void set_discard_limits(struct pool_c *pt, struct queue_limits *limits)
-{
-	struct pool *pool = pt->pool;
-	struct queue_limits *data_limits;
-
-	limits->max_discard_sectors = pool->sectors_per_block;
-
-	/*
-	 * discard_granularity is just a hint, and not enforced.
-	 */
-	if (pt->adjusted_pf.discard_passdown) {
-		data_limits = &bdev_get_queue(pt->data_dev->bdev)->limits;
-		limits->discard_granularity = max(data_limits->discard_granularity,
-						  pool->sectors_per_block << SECTOR_SHIFT);
-	} else
-		limits->discard_granularity = pool->sectors_per_block << SECTOR_SHIFT;
-}
-
 static void pool_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
 {
 	struct pool_c *pt = ti->private;
@@ -3645,14 +3908,17 @@ static void pool_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
 
 	disable_passdown_if_not_supported(pt);
 
-	set_discard_limits(pt, limits);
+	/*
+	 * The pool uses the same discard limits as the underlying data
+	 * device.  DM core has already set this up.
+	 */
 }
 
 static struct target_type pool_target = {
 	.name = "thin-pool",
 	.features = DM_TARGET_SINGLETON | DM_TARGET_ALWAYS_WRITEABLE |
 		    DM_TARGET_IMMUTABLE,
-	.version = {1, 14, 0},
+	.version = {1, 15, 0},
 	.module = THIS_MODULE,
 	.ctr = pool_ctr,
 	.dtr = pool_dtr,
@@ -3811,8 +4077,7 @@ static int thin_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
 	if (tc->pool->pf.discard_enabled) {
 		ti->discards_supported = true;
 		ti->num_discard_bios = 1;
-		/* Discard bios must be split on a block boundary */
-		ti->split_discard_bios = true;
+		ti->split_discard_bios = false;
 	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&dm_thin_pool_table.mutex);
@@ -3899,6 +4164,9 @@ static int thin_endio(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio, int err)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (h->cell)
+		cell_defer_no_holder(h->tc, h->cell);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4026,9 +4294,18 @@ static int thin_iterate_devices(struct dm_target *ti,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void thin_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
+{
+	struct thin_c *tc = ti->private;
+	struct pool *pool = tc->pool;
+
+	limits->discard_granularity = pool->sectors_per_block << SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	limits->max_discard_sectors = 2048 * 1024 * 16; /* 16G */
+}
+
 static struct target_type thin_target = {
 	.name = "thin",
-	.version = {1, 14, 0},
+	.version = {1, 15, 0},
 	.module	= THIS_MODULE,
 	.ctr = thin_ctr,
 	.dtr = thin_dtr,
@@ -4040,6 +4317,7 @@ static struct target_type thin_target = {
 	.status = thin_status,
 	.merge = thin_merge,
 	.iterate_devices = thin_iterate_devices,
+	.io_hints = thin_io_hints,
 };
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm.c b/drivers/md/dm.c
index d72829922eb6..2fe0992c14a7 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm.c
+++ b/drivers/md/dm.c
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ struct dm_rq_target_io {
 	struct kthread_work work;
 	int error;
 	union map_info info;
+	struct dm_stats_aux stats_aux;
+	unsigned long duration_jiffies;
+	unsigned n_sectors;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -995,6 +998,17 @@ static struct dm_rq_target_io *tio_from_request(struct request *rq)
 	return (rq->q->mq_ops ? blk_mq_rq_to_pdu(rq) : rq->special);
 }
 
+static void rq_end_stats(struct mapped_device *md, struct request *orig)
+{
+	if (unlikely(dm_stats_used(&md->stats))) {
+		struct dm_rq_target_io *tio = tio_from_request(orig);
+		tio->duration_jiffies = jiffies - tio->duration_jiffies;
+		dm_stats_account_io(&md->stats, orig->cmd_flags, blk_rq_pos(orig),
+				    tio->n_sectors, true, tio->duration_jiffies,
+				    &tio->stats_aux);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Don't touch any member of the md after calling this function because
  * the md may be freed in dm_put() at the end of this function.
@@ -1078,6 +1092,7 @@ static void dm_end_request(struct request *clone, int error)
 	}
 
 	free_rq_clone(clone);
+	rq_end_stats(md, rq);
 	if (!rq->q->mq_ops)
 		blk_end_request_all(rq, error);
 	else
@@ -1113,13 +1128,14 @@ static void old_requeue_request(struct request *rq)
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
 }
 
-static void dm_requeue_unmapped_original_request(struct mapped_device *md,
-						 struct request *rq)
+static void dm_requeue_original_request(struct mapped_device *md,
+					struct request *rq)
 {
 	int rw = rq_data_dir(rq);
 
 	dm_unprep_request(rq);
 
+	rq_end_stats(md, rq);
 	if (!rq->q->mq_ops)
 		old_requeue_request(rq);
 	else {
@@ -1130,13 +1146,6 @@ static void dm_requeue_unmapped_original_request(struct mapped_device *md,
 	rq_completed(md, rw, false);
 }
 
-static void dm_requeue_unmapped_request(struct request *clone)
-{
-	struct dm_rq_target_io *tio = clone->end_io_data;
-
-	dm_requeue_unmapped_original_request(tio->md, tio->orig);
-}
-
 static void old_stop_queue(struct request_queue *q)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
@@ -1200,7 +1209,7 @@ static void dm_done(struct request *clone, int error, bool mapped)
 		return;
 	else if (r == DM_ENDIO_REQUEUE)
 		/* The target wants to requeue the I/O */
-		dm_requeue_unmapped_request(clone);
+		dm_requeue_original_request(tio->md, tio->orig);
 	else {
 		DMWARN("unimplemented target endio return value: %d", r);
 		BUG();
@@ -1218,6 +1227,7 @@ static void dm_softirq_done(struct request *rq)
 	int rw;
 
 	if (!clone) {
+		rq_end_stats(tio->md, rq);
 		rw = rq_data_dir(rq);
 		if (!rq->q->mq_ops) {
 			blk_end_request_all(rq, tio->error);
@@ -1910,7 +1920,7 @@ static int map_request(struct dm_rq_target_io *tio, struct request *rq,
 		break;
 	case DM_MAPIO_REQUEUE:
 		/* The target wants to requeue the I/O */
-		dm_requeue_unmapped_request(clone);
+		dm_requeue_original_request(md, tio->orig);
 		break;
 	default:
 		if (r > 0) {
@@ -1933,7 +1943,7 @@ static void map_tio_request(struct kthread_work *work)
 	struct mapped_device *md = tio->md;
 
 	if (map_request(tio, rq, md) == DM_MAPIO_REQUEUE)
-		dm_requeue_unmapped_original_request(md, rq);
+		dm_requeue_original_request(md, rq);
 }
 
 static void dm_start_request(struct mapped_device *md, struct request *orig)
@@ -1950,6 +1960,14 @@ static void dm_start_request(struct mapped_device *md, struct request *orig)
 		md->last_rq_start_time = ktime_get();
 	}
 
+	if (unlikely(dm_stats_used(&md->stats))) {
+		struct dm_rq_target_io *tio = tio_from_request(orig);
+		tio->duration_jiffies = jiffies;
+		tio->n_sectors = blk_rq_sectors(orig);
+		dm_stats_account_io(&md->stats, orig->cmd_flags, blk_rq_pos(orig),
+				    tio->n_sectors, false, 0, &tio->stats_aux);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * Hold the md reference here for the in-flight I/O.
 	 * We can't rely on the reference count by device opener,
@@ -2173,6 +2191,40 @@ static void dm_init_old_md_queue(struct mapped_device *md)
 	blk_queue_bounce_limit(md->queue, BLK_BOUNCE_ANY);
 }
 
+static void cleanup_mapped_device(struct mapped_device *md)
+{
+	cleanup_srcu_struct(&md->io_barrier);
+
+	if (md->wq)
+		destroy_workqueue(md->wq);
+	if (md->kworker_task)
+		kthread_stop(md->kworker_task);
+	if (md->io_pool)
+		mempool_destroy(md->io_pool);
+	if (md->rq_pool)
+		mempool_destroy(md->rq_pool);
+	if (md->bs)
+		bioset_free(md->bs);
+
+	if (md->disk) {
+		spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
+		md->disk->private_data = NULL;
+		spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
+		if (blk_get_integrity(md->disk))
+			blk_integrity_unregister(md->disk);
+		del_gendisk(md->disk);
+		put_disk(md->disk);
+	}
+
+	if (md->queue)
+		blk_cleanup_queue(md->queue);
+
+	if (md->bdev) {
+		bdput(md->bdev);
+		md->bdev = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Allocate and initialise a blank device with a given minor.
  */
@@ -2218,13 +2270,13 @@ static struct mapped_device *alloc_dev(int minor)
 
 	md->queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!md->queue)
-		goto bad_queue;
+		goto bad;
 
 	dm_init_md_queue(md);
 
 	md->disk = alloc_disk(1);
 	if (!md->disk)
-		goto bad_disk;
+		goto bad;
 
 	atomic_set(&md->pending[0], 0);
 	atomic_set(&md->pending[1], 0);
@@ -2245,11 +2297,11 @@ static struct mapped_device *alloc_dev(int minor)
 
 	md->wq = alloc_workqueue("kdmflush", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
 	if (!md->wq)
-		goto bad_thread;
+		goto bad;
 
 	md->bdev = bdget_disk(md->disk, 0);
 	if (!md->bdev)
-		goto bad_bdev;
+		goto bad;
 
 	bio_init(&md->flush_bio);
 	md->flush_bio.bi_bdev = md->bdev;
@@ -2266,15 +2318,8 @@ static struct mapped_device *alloc_dev(int minor)
 
 	return md;
 
-bad_bdev:
-	destroy_workqueue(md->wq);
-bad_thread:
-	del_gendisk(md->disk);
-	put_disk(md->disk);
-bad_disk:
-	blk_cleanup_queue(md->queue);
-bad_queue:
-	cleanup_srcu_struct(&md->io_barrier);
+bad:
+	cleanup_mapped_device(md);
 bad_io_barrier:
 	free_minor(minor);
 bad_minor:
@@ -2291,71 +2336,65 @@ static void free_dev(struct mapped_device *md)
 	int minor = MINOR(disk_devt(md->disk));
 
 	unlock_fs(md);
-	destroy_workqueue(md->wq);
 
-	if (md->kworker_task)
-		kthread_stop(md->kworker_task);
-	if (md->io_pool)
-		mempool_destroy(md->io_pool);
-	if (md->rq_pool)
-		mempool_destroy(md->rq_pool);
-	if (md->bs)
-		bioset_free(md->bs);
+	cleanup_mapped_device(md);
+	if (md->use_blk_mq)
+		blk_mq_free_tag_set(&md->tag_set);
 
-	cleanup_srcu_struct(&md->io_barrier);
 	free_table_devices(&md->table_devices);
 	dm_stats_cleanup(&md->stats);
-
-	spin_lock(&_minor_lock);
-	md->disk->private_data = NULL;
-	spin_unlock(&_minor_lock);
-	if (blk_get_integrity(md->disk))
-		blk_integrity_unregister(md->disk);
-	del_gendisk(md->disk);
-	put_disk(md->disk);
-	blk_cleanup_queue(md->queue);
-	if (md->use_blk_mq)
-		blk_mq_free_tag_set(&md->tag_set);
-	bdput(md->bdev);
 	free_minor(minor);
 
 	module_put(THIS_MODULE);
 	kfree(md);
 }
 
+static unsigned filter_md_type(unsigned type, struct mapped_device *md)
+{
+	if (type == DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED)
+		return type;
+
+	return !md->use_blk_mq ? DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED : DM_TYPE_MQ_REQUEST_BASED;
+}
+
 static void __bind_mempools(struct mapped_device *md, struct dm_table *t)
 {
 	struct dm_md_mempools *p = dm_table_get_md_mempools(t);
 
-	if (md->bs) {
-		/* The md already has necessary mempools. */
-		if (dm_table_get_type(t) == DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED) {
+	switch (filter_md_type(dm_table_get_type(t), md)) {
+	case DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED:
+		if (md->bs && md->io_pool) {
 			/*
+			 * This bio-based md already has necessary mempools.
 			 * Reload bioset because front_pad may have changed
 			 * because a different table was loaded.
 			 */
 			bioset_free(md->bs);
 			md->bs = p->bs;
 			p->bs = NULL;
+			goto out;
 		}
-		/*
-		 * There's no need to reload with request-based dm
-		 * because the size of front_pad doesn't change.
-		 * Note for future: If you are to reload bioset,
-		 * prep-ed requests in the queue may refer
-		 * to bio from the old bioset, so you must walk
-		 * through the queue to unprep.
-		 */
-		goto out;
+		break;
+	case DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED:
+		if (md->rq_pool && md->io_pool)
+			/*
+			 * This request-based md already has necessary mempools.
+			 */
+			goto out;
+		break;
+	case DM_TYPE_MQ_REQUEST_BASED:
+		BUG_ON(p); /* No mempools needed */
+		return;
 	}
 
+	BUG_ON(!p || md->io_pool || md->rq_pool || md->bs);
+
 	md->io_pool = p->io_pool;
 	p->io_pool = NULL;
 	md->rq_pool = p->rq_pool;
 	p->rq_pool = NULL;
 	md->bs = p->bs;
 	p->bs = NULL;
-
 out:
 	/* mempool bind completed, no longer need any mempools in the table */
 	dm_table_free_md_mempools(t);
@@ -2675,6 +2714,7 @@ static int dm_mq_queue_rq(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
 		/* Direct call is fine since .queue_rq allows allocations */
 		if (map_request(tio, rq, md) == DM_MAPIO_REQUEUE) {
 			/* Undo dm_start_request() before requeuing */
+			rq_end_stats(md, rq);
 			rq_completed(md, rq_data_dir(rq), false);
 			return BLK_MQ_RQ_QUEUE_BUSY;
 		}
@@ -2734,14 +2774,6 @@ out_tag_set:
 	return err;
 }
 
-static unsigned filter_md_type(unsigned type, struct mapped_device *md)
-{
-	if (type == DM_TYPE_BIO_BASED)
-		return type;
-
-	return !md->use_blk_mq ? DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED : DM_TYPE_MQ_REQUEST_BASED;
-}
-
 /*
  * Setup the DM device's queue based on md's type
  */
@@ -3463,7 +3495,7 @@ struct dm_md_mempools *dm_alloc_bio_mempools(unsigned integrity,
 
 	pools = kzalloc(sizeof(*pools), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!pools)
-		return NULL;
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
 	front_pad = roundup(per_bio_data_size, __alignof__(struct dm_target_io)) +
 		offsetof(struct dm_target_io, clone);
@@ -3482,24 +3514,26 @@ struct dm_md_mempools *dm_alloc_bio_mempools(unsigned integrity,
 	return pools;
 out:
 	dm_free_md_mempools(pools);
-	return NULL;
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 }
 
 struct dm_md_mempools *dm_alloc_rq_mempools(struct mapped_device *md,
 					    unsigned type)
 {
-	unsigned int pool_size = dm_get_reserved_rq_based_ios();
+	unsigned int pool_size;
 	struct dm_md_mempools *pools;
 
+	if (filter_md_type(type, md) == DM_TYPE_MQ_REQUEST_BASED)
+		return NULL; /* No mempools needed */
+
+	pool_size = dm_get_reserved_rq_based_ios();
 	pools = kzalloc(sizeof(*pools), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!pools)
-		return NULL;
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-	if (filter_md_type(type, md) == DM_TYPE_REQUEST_BASED) {
-		pools->rq_pool = mempool_create_slab_pool(pool_size, _rq_cache);
-		if (!pools->rq_pool)
-			goto out;
-	}
+	pools->rq_pool = mempool_create_slab_pool(pool_size, _rq_cache);
+	if (!pools->rq_pool)
+		goto out;
 
 	pools->io_pool = mempool_create_slab_pool(pool_size, _rq_tio_cache);
 	if (!pools->io_pool)
@@ -3508,7 +3542,7 @@ struct dm_md_mempools *dm_alloc_rq_mempools(struct mapped_device *md,
 	return pools;
 out:
 	dm_free_md_mempools(pools);
-	return NULL;
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 }
 
 void dm_free_md_mempools(struct dm_md_mempools *pools)
diff --git a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.c b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.c
index 087411c95ffc..4d6c9b689eaa 100644
--- a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.c
+++ b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.c
@@ -609,6 +609,12 @@ void dm_bm_prefetch(struct dm_block_manager *bm, dm_block_t b)
 	dm_bufio_prefetch(bm->bufio, b, 1);
 }
 
+bool dm_bm_is_read_only(struct dm_block_manager *bm)
+{
+	return bm->read_only;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_bm_is_read_only);
+
 void dm_bm_set_read_only(struct dm_block_manager *bm)
 {
 	bm->read_only = true;
diff --git a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.h b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.h
index 1b95dfc17786..84330f59886d 100644
--- a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.h
+++ b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-block-manager.h
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ void dm_bm_prefetch(struct dm_block_manager *bm, dm_block_t b);
  * Additionally you should not use dm_bm_unlock_move, however no error will
  * be returned if you do.
  */
+bool dm_bm_is_read_only(struct dm_block_manager *bm);
 void dm_bm_set_read_only(struct dm_block_manager *bm);
 void dm_bm_set_read_write(struct dm_block_manager *bm);
 
diff --git a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree-remove.c b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree-remove.c
index b88757cd0d1d..e04cfd2d60ef 100644
--- a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree-remove.c
+++ b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree-remove.c
@@ -590,3 +590,130 @@ int dm_btree_remove(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
 	return r;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_btree_remove);
+
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+static int remove_nearest(struct shadow_spine *s, struct dm_btree_info *info,
+			  struct dm_btree_value_type *vt, dm_block_t root,
+			  uint64_t key, int *index)
+{
+	int i = *index, r;
+	struct btree_node *n;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		r = shadow_step(s, root, vt);
+		if (r < 0)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to patch up the parent node, ugly, but I don't
+		 * see a way to do this automatically as part of the spine
+		 * op.
+		 */
+		if (shadow_has_parent(s)) {
+			__le64 location = cpu_to_le64(dm_block_location(shadow_current(s)));
+			memcpy(value_ptr(dm_block_data(shadow_parent(s)), i),
+			       &location, sizeof(__le64));
+		}
+
+		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));
+
+		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE) {
+			*index = lower_bound(n, key);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		r = rebalance_children(s, info, vt, key);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+
+		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(s));
+		if (le32_to_cpu(n->header.flags) & LEAF_NODE) {
+			*index = lower_bound(n, key);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		i = lower_bound(n, key);
+
+		/*
+		 * We know the key is present, or else
+		 * rebalance_children would have returned
+		 * -ENODATA
+		 */
+		root = value64(n, i);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int remove_one(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
+		      uint64_t *keys, uint64_t end_key,
+		      dm_block_t *new_root, unsigned *nr_removed)
+{
+	unsigned level, last_level = info->levels - 1;
+	int index = 0, r = 0;
+	struct shadow_spine spine;
+	struct btree_node *n;
+	uint64_t k;
+
+	init_shadow_spine(&spine, info);
+	for (level = 0; level < last_level; level++) {
+		r = remove_raw(&spine, info, &le64_type,
+			       root, keys[level], (unsigned *) &index);
+		if (r < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(&spine));
+		root = value64(n, index);
+	}
+
+	r = remove_nearest(&spine, info, &info->value_type,
+			   root, keys[last_level], &index);
+	if (r < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	n = dm_block_data(shadow_current(&spine));
+
+	if (index < 0)
+		index = 0;
+
+	if (index >= le32_to_cpu(n->header.nr_entries)) {
+		r = -ENODATA;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	k = le64_to_cpu(n->keys[index]);
+	if (k >= keys[last_level] && k < end_key) {
+		if (info->value_type.dec)
+			info->value_type.dec(info->value_type.context,
+					     value_ptr(n, index));
+
+		delete_at(n, index);
+
+	} else
+		r = -ENODATA;
+
+out:
+	*new_root = shadow_root(&spine);
+	exit_shadow_spine(&spine);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+int dm_btree_remove_leaves(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
+			   uint64_t *first_key, uint64_t end_key,
+			   dm_block_t *new_root, unsigned *nr_removed)
+{
+	int r;
+
+	*nr_removed = 0;
+	do {
+		r = remove_one(info, root, first_key, end_key, &root, nr_removed);
+		if (!r)
+			(*nr_removed)++;
+	} while (!r);
+
+	*new_root = root;
+	return r == -ENODATA ? 0 : r;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dm_btree_remove_leaves);
diff --git a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree.h b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree.h
index dacfc34180b4..11d8cf78621d 100644
--- a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree.h
+++ b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-btree.h
@@ -135,6 +135,15 @@ int dm_btree_remove(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
 		    uint64_t *keys, dm_block_t *new_root);
 
 /*
+ * Removes values between 'keys' and keys2, where keys2 is keys with the
+ * final key replaced with 'end_key'.  'end_key' is the one-past-the-end
+ * value.  'keys' may be altered.
+ */
+int dm_btree_remove_leaves(struct dm_btree_info *info, dm_block_t root,
+			   uint64_t *keys, uint64_t end_key,
+			   dm_block_t *new_root, unsigned *nr_removed);
+
+/*
  * Returns < 0 on failure.  Otherwise the number of key entries that have
  * been filled out.  Remember trees can have zero entries, and as such have
  * no lowest key.
diff --git a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-space-map-metadata.c b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-space-map-metadata.c
index e8a904298887..53091295fce9 100644
--- a/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-space-map-metadata.c
+++ b/drivers/md/persistent-data/dm-space-map-metadata.c
@@ -204,6 +204,27 @@ static void in(struct sm_metadata *smm)
 	smm->recursion_count++;
 }
 
+static int apply_bops(struct sm_metadata *smm)
+{
+	int r = 0;
+
+	while (!brb_empty(&smm->uncommitted)) {
+		struct block_op bop;
+
+		r = brb_pop(&smm->uncommitted, &bop);
+		if (r) {
+			DMERR("bug in bop ring buffer");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		r = commit_bop(smm, &bop);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
 static int out(struct sm_metadata *smm)
 {
 	int r = 0;
@@ -216,21 +237,8 @@ static int out(struct sm_metadata *smm)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
-	if (smm->recursion_count == 1) {
-		while (!brb_empty(&smm->uncommitted)) {
-			struct block_op bop;
-
-			r = brb_pop(&smm->uncommitted, &bop);
-			if (r) {
-				DMERR("bug in bop ring buffer");
-				break;
-			}
-
-			r = commit_bop(smm, &bop);
-			if (r)
-				break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (smm->recursion_count == 1)
+		apply_bops(smm);
 
 	smm->recursion_count--;
 
@@ -704,6 +712,12 @@ static int sm_metadata_extend(struct dm_space_map *sm, dm_block_t extra_blocks)
 		}
 		old_len = smm->begin;
 
+		r = apply_bops(smm);
+		if (r) {
+			DMERR("%s: apply_bops failed", __func__);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
 		r = sm_ll_commit(&smm->ll);
 		if (r)
 			goto out;
@@ -773,6 +787,12 @@ int dm_sm_metadata_create(struct dm_space_map *sm,
 	if (r)
 		return r;
 
+	r = apply_bops(smm);
+	if (r) {
+		DMERR("%s: apply_bops failed", __func__);
+		return r;
+	}
+
 	return sm_metadata_commit(sm);
 }