License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

34 files changed, 34 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/Kconfig b/arch/cris/arch-v10/Kconfig
index df9a38b4f18f..d4015a931374 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/Kconfig
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 if ETRAX_ARCH_V10
 
 menu "CRIS v10 options"
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Kconfig b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Kconfig
index 239dab0b95c1..8792af63c049 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Kconfig
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 if ETRAX_ARCH_V10
 
 config ETRAX_ETHERNET
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Makefile b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Makefile
index e5c13183b97c..d5549dca81bf 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for Etrax-specific drivers
 #
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/eeprom.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/eeprom.c
index 33558d270a53..2d312c8a4dd5 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/eeprom.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/eeprom.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*!*****************************************************************************
 *!
 *!  Implements an interface for i2c compatible eeproms to run under Linux.
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/gpio.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/gpio.c
index dfd3b3ba5e4e..68dbe261dc57 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/gpio.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/gpio.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Etrax general port I/O device
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.c
index b3d1f9ed1b98..ec35d62e8e63 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*!***************************************************************************
 *!
 *! FILE NAME  : i2c.c
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.h b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.h
index e36c96276478..de45c1ffbd7b 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.h
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/i2c.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* i2c.h */
 int i2c_init(void);
 
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/sync_serial.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/sync_serial.c
index cc62572c1b94..cfe9176f2205 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/sync_serial.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/drivers/sync_serial.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Simple synchronous serial port driver for ETRAX 100LX.
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/Makefile b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/Makefile
index 4841e822cdd1..7ec04b4a285e 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/crisksyms.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/crisksyms.c
index 1ca6fc283232..e1d897ed5b37 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/crisksyms.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/crisksyms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <asm/io.h>
 #include <arch/svinto.h>
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/debugport.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/debugport.c
index b6549e54be29..d30834d4dd7e 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/debugport.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/debugport.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Serialport functions for debugging
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Axis Communications AB
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/dma.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/dma.c
index 5795047359b2..c68e978def05 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/dma.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Wrapper for DMA channel allocator that updates DMA client muxing.
  * Copyright 2004-2007, Axis Communications AB
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/entry.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/entry.S
index b5622521dad5..1f066eebbd2b 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/entry.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/entry.S
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/fasttimer.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/fasttimer.c
index e9298739d72e..94abbff557ff 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/fasttimer.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/fasttimer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/arch/cris/kernel/fasttimer.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/head.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/head.S
index a74aa233b84e..b260a8833903 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/head.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Head of the kernel - alter with care
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/io_interface_mux.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/io_interface_mux.c
index ad64cd1c861a..13a887ce115a 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/io_interface_mux.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/io_interface_mux.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* IO interface mux allocator for ETRAX100LX.
  * Copyright 2004-2007, Axis Communications AB
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/irq.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/irq.c
index 09cae80a834a..df11e383acdd 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	linux/arch/cris/kernel/irq.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/kgdb.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/kgdb.c
index ed71ade93a73..79b13564d15c 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/kgdb.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/kgdb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*!**************************************************************************
 *!
 *! FILE NAME  : kgdb.c
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/process.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/process.c
index a2cdb1521aca..16848b2c61c8 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/kernel/process.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/ptrace.c
index c2f2b9b83cc4..b89f57ae096e 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2000-2003, Axis Communications AB.
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/setup.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/setup.c
index 7ab31f1c7540..8e4fc248f96f 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/setup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *
  *  linux/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/setup.c
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/shadows.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/shadows.c
index 2454a0b02f54..2e9565e868f2 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/shadows.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/shadows.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Various shadow registers. Defines for these are in include/asm-etrax100/io.h
  */
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/signal.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/signal.c
index bab4a8dd6bfd..2beffc37faf8 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/kernel/signal.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/time.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/time.c
index b5eb5cd2f60b..3d78373db254 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/time.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/time.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/time.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/traps.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/traps.c
index c0a501f29bd8..876d45b957f4 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Helper functions for trap handlers
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.S
index 7d552f4bd5ae..a3b96391706f 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * A fast checksum routine using movem
  * Copyright (c) 1998-2001 Axis Communications AB
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksumcopy.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksumcopy.S
index 540db8a5f849..b21449cb1ad3 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksumcopy.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksumcopy.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * A fast checksum+copy routine using movem
  * Copyright (c) 1998, 2001 Axis Communications AB
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/csumcpfruser.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/csumcpfruser.S
index 5f41ccd62754..beb8992ed478 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/csumcpfruser.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/csumcpfruser.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Add-on to transform csum_partial_copy_nocheck in checksumcopy.S into
  * csum_partial_copy_from_user by adding exception records.
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/dram_init.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/dram_init.S
index 93310124333f..fd7437577938 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/dram_init.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/dram_init.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * DRAM/SDRAM initialization - alter with care
  * This file is intended to be included from other assembler files
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/hw_settings.S b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/hw_settings.S
index c09f19f478a5..0d449852517e 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/hw_settings.S
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/hw_settings.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This table is used by some tools to extract hardware parameters.
  * The table should be included in the kernel and the decompressor.
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/usercopy.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/usercopy.c
index 48fa37fe0f9b..3f1e2f4680f7 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/usercopy.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/usercopy.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * User address space access functions.
  * The non-inlined parts of asm-cris/uaccess.h are here.
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/fault.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/fault.c
index 75210cbe61ce..e6c225169642 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/fault.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/mm/fault.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c
index 85e3f1b1f3ac..4da99a0e3b57 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/init.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/tlb.c b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/tlb.c
index 3225d38bdaea..7f1f752f2445 100644
--- a/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/tlb.c
+++ b/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/tlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  linux/arch/cris/arch-v10/mm/tlb.c
  *