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| author | Bardia Mahjour <bmahjour@ca.ibm.com> | 2019-09-17 19:22:01 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Bardia Mahjour <bmahjour@ca.ibm.com> | 2019-09-17 19:22:01 +0000 |
| commit | 6476d7cf0b2bc509e88a00c541f475b7676c4141 (patch) | |
| tree | ceeb7fc794269da1214780dd46e73666020025dc /llvm/docs | |
| parent | 5a5f04afcb27ddcfdc199b15e1051df6c0765e40 (diff) | |
| download | bcm5719-llvm-6476d7cf0b2bc509e88a00c541f475b7676c4141.tar.gz bcm5719-llvm-6476d7cf0b2bc509e88a00c541f475b7676c4141.zip | |
Revert "Data Dependence Graph Basics"
This reverts commit c98ec60993a7aa65073692b62f6d728b36e68ccd, which broke the sphinx-docs build.
llvm-svn: 372168
Diffstat (limited to 'llvm/docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/DDG.rst | 135 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle.png | bin | 46831 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle_pi.png | bin | 47148 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_builder_pattern.png | bin | 77125 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_nodes_and_edges.png | bin | 51501 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | llvm/docs/SubsystemDocumentation.rst | 6 |
6 files changed, 1 insertions, 140 deletions
diff --git a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/DDG.rst b/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/DDG.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b07b5cbe495..00000000000 --- a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/DDG.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,135 +0,0 @@ -========================= -Dependence Graphs in LLVM -========================= - -.. contents:: - :local: - -Dependence graphs are useful tools in compilers for analyzing relationships -between various program elements to help guide optimizations. The ideas -behind these graphs are described in the following two papers: - -.. [1] "D. J. Kuck, R. H. Kuhn, D. A. Padua, B. Leasure, and M. Wolfe (1981). DEPENDENCE GRAPHS AND COMPILER OPTIMIZATIONS." -.. [2] "J. FERRANTE (IBM), K. J. OTTENSTEIN (Michigan Technological University) and JOE D. WARREN (Rice University), 1987. The Program Dependence Graph and Its Use in Optimization." - -The implementation of these ideas in LLVM may be slightly different than -what is mentioned in the papers. These differences are documented in -the `implementation details <implementation-details_>`_. - -.. _DataDependenceGraph: - -Data Dependence Graph -===================== -In its simplest form the Data Dependence Graph (or DDG) represents data -dependencies between individual instructions. Each node in such a graph -represents a single instruction and is referred to as an "atomic" node. -It is also possible to combine some atomic nodes that have a simple -def-use dependency between them into larger nodes that contain multiple- -instructions. - -As described in [1]_ the DDG uses graph abstraction to group nodes -that are part of a strongly connected component of the graph -into special nodes called pi-blocks. pi-blocks represent cycles of data -dependency that prevent reordering transformations. Since any strongly -connected component of the graph is a maximal subgraph of all the nodes -that form a cycle, pi-blocks are at most one level deep. In other words, -no pi-blocks are nested inside another pi-block, resulting in a -hierarchical representation that is at most one level deep. - - -For example, consider the following: - -.. code-block:: c++ - - for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { - b[i] = c[i] + b[i-1]; - } - -This code contains a statement that has a loop carried dependence on -itself creating a cycle in the DDG. The figure bellow illustrates -how the cycle of dependency is carried through multiple def-use relations -and a memory access dependency. - -.. image:: cycle.png - -The DDG corresponding to this example would have a pi-block that contains -all the nodes participating in the cycle, as shown bellow: - -.. image:: cycle_pi.png - -Program Dependence Graph -======================== - -The Program Dependence Graph (or PDG) has a similar structure as the -DDG, but it is capable of representing both data dependencies and -control-flow dependencies between program elements such as -instructions, groups of instructions, basic blocks or groups of -basic blocks. - -High-Level Design -================= - -The DDG and the PDG are both directed graphs and they extend the -``DirectedGraph`` class. Each implementation extends its corresponding -node and edge types resulting in the inheritance relationship depicted -in the UML diagram bellow: - -.. image:: uml_nodes_and_edges.png - -Graph Construction ------------------- - -The graph build algorithm considers dependencies between elements of -a given set of instructions or basic blocks. Any dependencies coming -into or going out of instructions that do not belong to that range -are ignored. The steps in the build algorithm for the DDG are very -similar to the steps in the build algorithm for the PDG. As such, -one of the design goals is to reuse the build algorithm code to -allow creation of both DDG and PDG representations while allowing -the two implementations to define their own distinct and independent -node and edge types. This is achieved by using the well-known builder -design pattern to isolate the construction of the dependence graph -from its concrete representation. - -The following UML diagram depicts the overall structure of the design -pattern as it applies to the dependence graph implementation. - -.. image:: uml_builder_pattern.png - -Notice that the common code for building the two types of graphs are -provided in the ``DependenceGraphBuilder`` class, while the ``DDGBuilder`` -and ``PDGBuilder`` control some aspects of how the graph is constructed -by the way of overriding virtual methods defined in ``DependenceGraphBuilder``. - -Note also that the steps and the names used in this diagram are for -illustrative purposes and may be different from those in the actual -implementation. - -Design Trade-offs ------------------ - -Advantages: -^^^^^^^^^^^ - - Builder allows graph construction code to be reused for DDG and PDG. - - Builder allows us to create DDG and PDG as separate graphs. - - DDG nodes and edges are completely disjoint from PDG nodes and edges allowing them to change easily and independently. - -Disadvantages: -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - - Builder may be perceived as over-engineering at first. - - There are some similarities between DDG nodes and edges compared to PDG nodes and edges, but there is little reuse of the class definitions. - - - This is tolerable given that the node and edge types are fairly simple and there is little code reuse opportunity anyway. - - -.. _implementation-details: - -Implementation Details -====================== - -The current implementation of DDG differs slightly from the dependence -graph described in [1]_ in the following ways: - - 1. The graph nodes in the paper represent three main program components, namely *assignment statements*, *for loop headers* and *while loop headers*. In this implementation, DDG nodes naturally represent LLVM IR instructions. An assignment statement in this implementation typically involves a node representing the ``store`` instruction along with a number of individual nodes computing the right-hand-side of the assignment that connect to the ``store`` node via a def-use edge. The loop header instructions are not represented as special nodes in this implementation because they have limited uses and can be easily identified, for example, through ``LoopAnalysis``. - 2. The paper describes five types of dependency edges between nodes namely *loop dependency*, *flow-*, *anti-*, *output-*, and *input-* dependencies. In this implementation *memory* edges represent the *flow-*, *anti-*, *output-*, and *input-* dependencies. However, *loop dependencies* are not made explicit, because they mainly represent association between a loop structure and the program elements inside the loop and this association is fairly obvious in LLVM IR itself. - 3. The paper describes two types of pi-blocks; *recurrences* whose bodies are SCCs and *IN* nodes whose bodies are not part of any SCC. In this impelmentation, pi-blocks are only created for *recurrences*. *IN* nodes remain as simple DDG nodes in the graph. diff --git a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle.png b/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8099c416654..00000000000 --- a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle_pi.png b/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle_pi.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ce69fd36a07..00000000000 --- a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/cycle_pi.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_builder_pattern.png b/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_builder_pattern.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 1651f9141de..00000000000 --- a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_builder_pattern.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_nodes_and_edges.png b/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_nodes_and_edges.png Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index c0ffacafca7..00000000000 --- a/llvm/docs/DependenceGraphs/uml_nodes_and_edges.png +++ /dev/null diff --git a/llvm/docs/SubsystemDocumentation.rst b/llvm/docs/SubsystemDocumentation.rst index 463a17aa427..005d541ceb3 100644 --- a/llvm/docs/SubsystemDocumentation.rst +++ b/llvm/docs/SubsystemDocumentation.rst @@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ For API clients and LLVM developers. SpeculativeLoadHardening
StackSafetyAnalysis
LoopTerminology
- DataDependenceGraphs
:doc:`WritingAnLLVMPass`
Information on how to write LLVM transformations and analyses.
@@ -208,7 +207,4 @@ For API clients and LLVM developers. variables.
:doc:`LoopTerminology`
- A document describing Loops and associated terms as used in LLVM.
-
-:doc:`DataDependenceGraphs`
- A description of the design of the DDG (Data Dependence Graph).
+ A document describing Loops and associated terms as used in LLVM.
\ No newline at end of file |

