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* Merge tag 'gpio-for-v3.6' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-2623-191/+700
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio Pull GPIO changes from Linus Walleij: - New driver for AMD-8111 southbridge GPIOs - New driver for Wolfson Micro Arizona devices - Propagate device tree parse errors - Probe deferral finalizations - all expected calls to GPIO will now hopefully request deferral where apropriate - Misc updates to TCA6424, WM8994, LPC32xx, PCF857x, Samsung MXC, OMAP and PCA953X drivers. Fix up gpio_idx conflicts in drivers/gpio/gpio-mxc.c * tag 'gpio-for-v3.6' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio: gpio: of_get_named_gpio_flags() return -EPROBE_DEFER if GPIO not yet available gpiolib: Defer failed gpio requests by default MAINTAINERS: add entry OMAP GPIO driver gpio/pca953x: increase variables size to support 24 bit of data GPIO: PCA953X: Increase size of invert variable to support 24 bit gpio/omap: move bank->dbck initialization to omap_gpio_mod_init() gpio/mxc: use the edge_sel feature if available gpio: propagate of_parse_phandle_with_args errors gpio: samsung: add flags specifier to device-tree binding gpiolib: Add support for Wolfson Microelectronics Arizona class devices gpio: gpio-lpc32xx: Add gpio_to_irq mapping gpio: pcf857x: share 8/16 bit access functions gpio: LPC32xx: Driver cleanup MAINTAINERS: Add Wolfson gpiolib drivers to the Wolfson entry gpiolib: wm8994: Convert to devm_kzalloc() gpiolib: wm8994: Use irq_domain mappings for gpios gpio: add a driver for GPIO pins found on AMD-8111 south bridge chips gpio/tca6424: merge I2C transactions, remove cast gpio/of: fix a typo of comment message
| * gpio: of_get_named_gpio_flags() return -EPROBE_DEFER if GPIO not yet availableRoland Stigge2012-07-171-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of_get_named_gpio_flags() and of_get_named_gpio() return -EPROBE_DEFER if the respective GPIO is not (yet) available. This is useful if driver's probe() functions try to get a GPIO whose controller isn't probed yet. Thus, the driver can be probed again later on. The function still returns -EINVAL on other errors (parse error or node doesn't exist). This way, the case of an optional/intentionally missing GPIO is handled appropriately. Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> Acked-by: Alexandre Pereira da Silva <aletes.xgr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpiolib: Defer failed gpio requests by defaultMark Brown2012-07-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since users must be explicitly provided with a GPIO number in order to request one the overwhelmingly common case for failing to request will be that the required GPIO driver has not yet registered and we should therefore defer until it has registered. In order to avoid having to code this logic in individual drivers have gpio_request() return -EPROBE_DEFER when failing to look up the GPIO. Drivers which don't want this behaviour can override it if they desire. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * MAINTAINERS: add entry OMAP GPIO driverKevin Hilman2012-07-171-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since I've been maintaining this, making it official at the request of the GPIO maintainers. Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Cc: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com> [corrected file path] Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio/pca953x: increase variables size to support 24 bit of dataLeed Aguilar2012-07-171-14/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Increase variable size from u16 to u32 to allocate 24 bit of data required for the TCA6424 I/O expander device type. Signed-off-by: Leed Aguilar <leed.aguilar@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Chandrabhanu Mahapatra <cmahapatra@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * GPIO: PCA953X: Increase size of invert variable to support 24 bitChandrabhanu Mahapatra2012-07-172-6/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TCA6424 is a low voltage 24 bit I2C and SMBus I/O expander of pca953x family similar to its 16 bit predecessor TCA6416. It comes with three 8-bit active Input, Output, Polarity Inversion and Configuration registers each. The polarity of Input ports can be reversed by setting the appropiate bit in Polarity Inversion registers. The variables corresponding to Input, Output and Configuration registers have already been updated to support 24 bit values. This patch thus updates the invert variable of PCA953X platform data to support 24 bit. Signed-off-by: Chandrabhanu Mahapatra <cmahapatra@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio/omap: move bank->dbck initialization to omap_gpio_mod_init()Tarun Kanti DebBarma2012-07-171-6/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since the bank->dbck initialization in a one time operation there is no need to keep this within gpio_debounce(). Therefore, moving clk_get(bank->dbck) to omap_gpio_mod_init(). Since the value of bank->dbck would be NULL at the beginning, this check has been removed. Signed-off-by: Tarun Kanti DebBarma <tarun.kanti@ti.com> Reported-by: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com> Reviewed-by: Jon Hunter <jon-hunter@ti.com> Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com> Cc: Rajendra Nayak <rnayak@ti.com> Cc: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@ti.com> Cc: Cousson, Benoit <b-cousson@ti.com> Reviewed-by: Paul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio/mxc: use the edge_sel feature if availableBenoît Thébaudeau2012-07-178-62/+104
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some mxc processors have an edge_sel feature, which allows the IRQ to be triggered by any edge. This patch makes use of this feature if available, which skips mxc_flip_edge(). Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@stericsson.com> Acked-by: Sascha Hauer <kernel@pengutronix.de> Cc: <linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: propagate of_parse_phandle_with_args errorsAlexandre Courbot2012-07-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make of_get_named_gpio_flags propagate any error it receives from of_parse_phandle_with_args instead of inconditionally returning -EINVAL. Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: samsung: add flags specifier to device-tree bindingOlof Johansson2012-07-172-5/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds a flags field to the gpio specifier for Samsung. I didn't want to add yet another field in the already quite long specifier, so I decided to compress it together with the Pull Up/Down settings instead. This is needed to, for example, have a gpio-keys input that is active low. Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpiolib: Add support for Wolfson Microelectronics Arizona class devicesMark Brown2012-07-173-0/+170
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The Arizona class devices provide some GPIOs for use in the system. This driver provides support for these via gpiolib. Currently interrupts are not supported, normally the GPIOs are outputs only. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> [Fold in WM5110 support patch] Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: gpio-lpc32xx: Add gpio_to_irq mappingRoland Stigge2012-07-121-0/+65
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch helps mapping with gpio_to_irq for the GPIOs that are irq enabled. Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> Tested-by: Alexandre Pereira da Silva <aletes.xgr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: pcf857x: share 8/16 bit access functionsKuninori Morimoto2012-07-121-62/+31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds 8/16 bit write/read functions, and shared gpio input/output/set/get functions. Signed-off-by: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: LPC32xx: Driver cleanupRoland Stigge2012-07-121-8/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since LPC32xx is now switched over to devicetree based GPIO, the unused lpc32xx_gpio_init() can be removed. Further, the driver title changed since it referred to the wrong file. Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * MAINTAINERS: Add Wolfson gpiolib drivers to the Wolfson entryMark Brown2012-07-121-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpiolib: wm8994: Convert to devm_kzalloc()Mark Brown2012-07-121-8/+3
| | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpiolib: wm8994: Use irq_domain mappings for gpiosMark Brown2012-07-121-4/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This has no practical impact at present since we don't support device tree so any user must have set an irq_base but this will in future allow a transition to device tree with minimal invasiveness. Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * gpio: add a driver for GPIO pins found on AMD-8111 south bridge chipsDmitry Eremin-Solenikov2012-07-123-0/+259
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add a driver to use GPIO pins available on several AMD south bridges (currently only AMD 8111 is supported). Signed-off-by: Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| * Merge branch 'gpio/merge' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6 into grantLinus Walleij2012-07-052-13/+17
| |\ | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
| | * gpio/tca6424: merge I2C transactions, remove castAndreas Schallenberg2012-05-251-12/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is a follow-up to ae79c1904 "[PATCH v2] Add support for TCA6424" merged in the v3.5 merge window. It fixes comments made when the patch was merged. - Use 3 byte transfers instead of two separate transfers (2+1 byte) - An unnecessary cast removed Signed-off-by: Andreas Schallenberg <Andreas.Schallenberg@3alitytechnica.com> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
| | * gpio/of: fix a typo of comment messageDong Aisheng2012-05-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Dong Aisheng <dong.aisheng@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
* | | Merge branch 'stable' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-262-2/+2
|\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile Pull tile PCI build fixes from Chris Metcalf: "This fixes a couple of issues with the pci_bus.subordinate removal from pci-next as it affected the tile architecture. One commit does the bombing for tilegx PCI (added during the merge window, so missed the pci-next bombing) and the other commit undoes a buggy part of the bombing for tilepro PCI." * 'stable' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile: tilepro pci: fix pci_bus.subordinate bad bombing from b918c62e tilegx pci: fix semantic merge conflict with 3527ed81c
| * | | tilepro pci: fix pci_bus.subordinate bad bombing from b918c62eChris Metcalf2012-07-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The bombing to convert pci_bus.subordinate to busn_res.end accidentally modified a "struct pci_dev" site, causing this file not to compile. This commit reverts that code to use dev->subordinate again. Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
| * | | tilegx pci: fix semantic merge conflict with 3527ed81cChris Metcalf2012-07-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yinghai Lu removed pci_bus.subordinate in pci-next, which meant that the tile-next changes to add tilegx PCI support don't build. This was expected (seen in linux-next) and this one-line fix is along the same lines as commit b918c62e for all other architectures. Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
* | | | posix_types.h: Cleanup stale __NFDBITS and related definitionsJosh Boyer2012-07-267-32/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recently, glibc made a change to suppress sign-conversion warnings in FD_SET (glibc commit ceb9e56b3d1). This uncovered an issue with the kernel's definition of __NFDBITS if applications #include <linux/types.h> after including <sys/select.h>. A build failure would be seen when passing the -Werror=sign-compare and -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 flags to gcc. It was suggested that the kernel should either match the glibc definition of __NFDBITS or remove that entirely. The current in-kernel uses of __NFDBITS can be replaced with BITS_PER_LONG, and there are no uses of the related __FDELT and __FDMASK defines. Given that, we'll continue the cleanup that was started with commit 8b3d1cda4f5f ("posix_types: Remove fd_set macros") and drop the remaining unused macros. Additionally, linux/time.h has similar macros defined that expand to nothing so we'll remove those at the same time. Reported-by: Jeff Law <law@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com> [ .. and fix up whitespace as per akpm ] Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | | Merge branch 'x86-mm-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-2626-365/+561
|\ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86/mm changes from Peter Anvin: "The big change here is the patchset by Alex Shi to use INVLPG to flush only the affected pages when we only need to flush a small page range. It also removes the special INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR interrupts (32 vectors!) and replace it with an ordinary IPI function call." Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h (added code next to changed line) * 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMP x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg' x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86 mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gather x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfs x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPU x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large page x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPU x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.h x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macros
| * | | | x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMPAlex Shi2012-07-201-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The incompatible parameter of flush_tlb_mm_range cause build warning. Fix it by correct parameter. Ingo Molnar found that this could also cause a user space crash. Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342747103-19765-1-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'Alex Shi2012-06-272-6/+37
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'. The performance pay and gain was analyzed in previous patch (x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range). In the testing: http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/21/10 The pay is mostly covered by long kernel path, but the gain is still quite clear, memory access in user APP can increase 30+% when kernel execute this funtion. Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-10-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTORAlex Shi2012-06-275-306/+47
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There are 32 INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR now in kernel. That is quite big amount of vector in IDT. But it is still not enough, since modern x86 sever has more cpu number. That still causes heavy lock contention in TLB flushing. The patch using generic smp call function to replace it. That saved 32 vector number in IDT, and resolved the lock contention in TLB flushing on large system. In the NHM EX machine 4P * 8cores * HT = 64 CPUs, hackbench pthread has 3% performance increase. Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-9-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86Alex Shi2012-06-273-70/+68
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Not every tlb_flush execution moment is really need to evacuate all TLB entries, like in munmap, just few 'invlpg' is better for whole process performance, since it leaves most of TLB entries for later accessing. This patch also rewrite flush_tlb_range for 2 purposes: 1, split it out to get flush_blt_mm_range function. 2, clean up to reduce line breaking, thanks for Borislav's input. My micro benchmark 'mummap' http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/5/17/59 show that the random memory access on other CPU has 0~50% speed up on a 2P * 4cores * HT NHM EP while do 'munmap'. Thanks Yongjie's testing on this patch: ------------- I used Linux 3.4-RC6 w/ and w/o his patches as Xen dom0 and guest kernel. After running two benchmarks in Xen HVM guest, I found his patches brought about 1%~3% performance gain in 'kernel build' and 'netperf' testing, though the performance gain was not very stable in 'kernel build' testing. Some detailed testing results are below. Testing Environment: Hardware: Romley-EP platform Xen version: latest upstream Linux kernel: 3.4-RC6 Guest vCPU number: 8 NIC: Intel 82599 (10GB bandwidth) In 'kernel build' testing in guest: Command line | performance gain make -j 4 | 3.81% make -j 8 | 0.37% make -j 16 | -0.52% In 'netperf' testing, we tested TCP_STREAM with default socket size 16384 byte as large packet and 64 byte as small packet. I used several clients to add networking pressure, then 'netperf' server automatically generated several threads to response them. I also used large-size packet and small-size packet in the testing. Packet size | Thread number | performance gain 16384 bytes | 4 | 0.02% 16384 bytes | 8 | 2.21% 16384 bytes | 16 | 2.04% 64 bytes | 4 | 1.07% 64 bytes | 8 | 3.31% 64 bytes | 16 | 0.71% Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-8-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Tested-by: Ren, Yongjie <yongjie.ren@intel.com> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gatherAlex Shi2012-06-272-0/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch enabled the tlb flush range support in generic mmu layer. Most of arch has self tlb flush range support, like ARM/IA64 etc. X86 arch has no this support in hardware yet. But another instruction 'invlpg' can implement this function in some degree. So, enable this feather in generic layer for x86 now. and maybe useful for other archs in further. Generic mmu_gather struct is protected by micro HAVE_GENERIC_MMU_GATHER. Other archs that has flush range supported own self mmu_gather struct. So, now this change is safe for them. In future we may unify this struct and related functions on multiple archs. Thanks for Peter Zijlstra time and time reminder for multiple architecture code safe! Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-7-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfsAlex Shi2012-06-272-0/+70
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | kernel will replace cr3 rewrite with invlpg when tlb_flush_entries <= active_tlb_entries / 2^tlb_flushall_factor if tlb_flushall_factor is -1, kernel won't do this replacement. User can modify its value according to specific CPU/applications. Thanks for Borislav providing the help message of CONFIG_DEBUG_TLBFLUSH. Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-6-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPUAlex Shi2012-06-275-7/+53
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Testing show different CPU type(micro architectures and NUMA mode) has different balance points between the TLB flush all and multiple invlpg. And there also has cases the tlb flush change has no any help. This patch give a interface to let x86 vendor developers have a chance to set different shift for different CPU type. like some machine in my hands, balance points is 16 entries on Romely-EP; while it is at 8 entries on Bloomfield NHM-EP; and is 256 on IVB mobile CPU. but on model 15 core2 Xeon using invlpg has nothing help. For untested machine, do a conservative optimization, same as NHM CPU. Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-5-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large pageAlex Shi2012-06-271-0/+34
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We don't need to flush large pages by PAGE_SIZE step, that just waste time. and actually, large page don't need 'invlpg' optimizing according to our micro benchmark. So, just flush whole TLB is enough for them. The following result is tested on a 2CPU * 4cores * 2HT NHM EP machine, with THP 'always' setting. Multi-thread testing, '-t' paramter is thread number: without this patch with this patch ./mprotect -t 1 14ns 13ns ./mprotect -t 2 13ns 13ns ./mprotect -t 4 12ns 11ns ./mprotect -t 8 14ns 10ns ./mprotect -t 16 28ns 28ns ./mprotect -t 32 54ns 52ns ./mprotect -t 128 200ns 200ns Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-4-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_rangeAlex Shi2012-06-278-49/+114
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | x86 has no flush_tlb_range support in instruction level. Currently the flush_tlb_range just implemented by flushing all page table. That is not the best solution for all scenarios. In fact, if we just use 'invlpg' to flush few lines from TLB, we can get the performance gain from later remain TLB lines accessing. But the 'invlpg' instruction costs much of time. Its execution time can compete with cr3 rewriting, and even a bit more on SNB CPU. So, on a 512 4KB TLB entries CPU, the balance points is at: (512 - X) * 100ns(assumed TLB refill cost) = X(TLB flush entries) * 100ns(assumed invlpg cost) Here, X is 256, that is 1/2 of 512 entries. But with the mysterious CPU pre-fetcher and page miss handler Unit, the assumed TLB refill cost is far lower then 100ns in sequential access. And 2 HT siblings in one core makes the memory access more faster if they are accessing the same memory. So, in the patch, I just do the change when the target entries is less than 1/16 of whole active tlb entries. Actually, I have no data support for the percentage '1/16', so any suggestions are welcomed. As to hugetlb, guess due to smaller page table, and smaller active TLB entries, I didn't see benefit via my benchmark, so no optimizing now. My micro benchmark show in ideal scenarios, the performance improves 70 percent in reading. And in worst scenario, the reading/writing performance is similar with unpatched 3.4-rc4 kernel. Here is the reading data on my 2P * 4cores *HT NHM EP machine, with THP 'always': multi thread testing, '-t' paramter is thread number: with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4 ./mprotect -t 1 14ns 24ns ./mprotect -t 2 13ns 22ns ./mprotect -t 4 12ns 19ns ./mprotect -t 8 14ns 16ns ./mprotect -t 16 28ns 26ns ./mprotect -t 32 54ns 51ns ./mprotect -t 128 200ns 199ns Single process with sequencial flushing and memory accessing: with patch unpatched 3.4-rc4 ./mprotect 7ns 11ns ./mprotect -p 4096 -l 8 -n 10240 21ns 21ns [ hpa: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1B4B44D9196EFF41AE41FDA404FC0A100BFF94@SHSMSX101.ccr.corp.intel.com has additional performance numbers. ] Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-3-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPUAlex Shi2012-06-274-0/+183
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | For 4KB pages, x86 CPU has 2 or 1 level TLB, first level is data TLB and instruction TLB, second level is shared TLB for both data and instructions. For hupe page TLB, usually there is just one level and seperated by 2MB/4MB and 1GB. Although each levels TLB size is important for performance tuning, but for genernal and rude optimizing, last level TLB entry number is suitable. And in fact, last level TLB always has the biggest entry number. This patch will get the biggest TLB entry number and use it in furture TLB optimizing. Accroding Borislav's suggestion, except tlb_ll[i/d]_* array, other function and data will be released after system boot up. For all kinds of x86 vendor friendly, vendor specific code was moved to its specific files. Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-2-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.hVlad Zolotarov2012-06-145-17/+17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add "read-mostly" qualifier to the following variables in smp.h: - cpu_sibling_map - cpu_core_map - cpu_llc_shared_map - cpu_llc_id - cpu_number - x86_cpu_to_apicid - x86_bios_cpu_apicid - x86_cpu_to_logical_apicid As long as all the variables above are only written during the initialization, this change is meant to prevent the false sharing. More specifically, on vSMP Foundation platform x86_cpu_to_apicid shared the same internode_cache_line with frequently written lapic_events. From the analysis of the first 33 per_cpu variables out of 219 (memories they describe, to be more specific) the 8 have read_mostly nature (tlb_vector_offset, cpu_loops_per_jiffy, xen_debug_irq, etc.) and 25 are frequently written (irq_stack_union, gdt_page, exception_stacks, idt_desc, etc.). Assuming that the spread of the rest of the per_cpu variables is similar, identifying the read mostly memories will make more sense in terms of long-term code maintenance comparing to identifying frequently written memories. Signed-off-by: Vlad Zolotarov <vlad@scalemp.com> Acked-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalemp.com> Cc: Shai Fultheim (Shai@ScaleMP.com) <Shai@scalemp.com> Cc: ido@wizery.com Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1719258.EYKzE4Zbq5@vlad Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
| * | | | x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macrosIdo Yariv2012-06-141-0/+17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some read-mostly per-cpu data may need to be declared or defined early, so it can be initialized and accessed before per_cpu areas are allocated. Only the data that resides in the per_cpu areas should be read-mostly, as there is little benefit in optimizing cache lines on initialization. Signed-off-by: Ido Yariv <ido@wizery.com> [ Added the missing declarations in !SMP code. ] Signed-off-by: Vlad Zolotarov <vlad@scalemp.com> Acked-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalemp.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/46188571.ddB8aVQYWo@vlad Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
* | | | | Merge branch 'x86-efi-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-2610-115/+199
|\ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pul x86/efi changes from Ingo Molnar: "This tree adds an EFI bootloader handover protocol, which, once supported on the bootloader side, will make bootup faster and might result in simpler bootloaders. The other change activates the EFI wall clock time accessors on x86-64 as well, instead of the legacy RTC readout." * 'x86-efi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, efi: Handover Protocol x86-64/efi: Use EFI to deal with platform wall clock
| * | | | | x86, efi: Handover ProtocolMatt Fleming2012-07-206-79/+185
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As things currently stand, traditional EFI boot loaders and the EFI boot stub are carrying essentially the same initialisation code required to setup an EFI machine for booting a kernel. There's really no need to have this code in two places and the hope is that, with this new protocol, initialisation and booting of the kernel can be left solely to the kernel's EFI boot stub. The responsibilities of the boot loader then become, o Loading the kernel image from boot media File system code still needs to be carried by boot loaders for the scenario where the kernel and initrd files reside on a file system that the EFI firmware doesn't natively understand, such as ext4, etc. o Providing a user interface Boot loaders still need to display any menus/interfaces, for example to allow the user to select from a list of kernels. Bump the boot protocol number because we added the 'handover_offset' field to indicate the location of the handover protocol entry point. Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Acked-and-Tested-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342689828-16815-1-git-send-email-matt@console-pimps.org Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | | x86-64/efi: Use EFI to deal with platform wall clockJan Beulich2012-06-064-36/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other than ix86, x86-64 on EFI so far didn't set the {g,s}et_wallclock accessors to the EFI routines, thus incorrectly using raw RTC accesses instead. Simply removing the #ifdef around the respective code isn't enough, however: While so far early get-time calls were done in physical mode, this doesn't work properly for x86-64, as virtual addresses would still need to be set up for all runtime regions (which wasn't the case on the system I have access to), so instead the patch moves the call to efi_enter_virtual_mode() ahead (which in turn allows to drop all code related to calling efi-get-time in physical mode). Additionally the earlier calling of efi_set_executable() requires the CPA code to cope, i.e. during early boot it must be avoided to call cpa_flush_array(), as the first thing this function does is a BUG_ON(irqs_disabled()). Also make the two EFI functions in question here static - they're not being referenced elsewhere. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Tested-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com> Acked-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4FBFBF5F020000780008637F@nat28.tlf.novell.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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*-. \ \ \ \ \ Merge branches 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' and 'x86-cpufeature-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-262-7/+2
|\ \ \ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86 cleanup and cpufeature from Ingo Molnar: "Just a single cleanup and and a commit that adds new CPU feature names" * 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, boot: Remove ancient, unconditionally #ifdef'd out dead code * 'x86-cpufeature-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, cpufeature: Add the RDSEED and ADX features
| | * | | | | | x86, cpufeature: Add the RDSEED and ADX featuresH. Peter Anvin2012-07-201-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add the RDSEED and ADX features documented in section 9.1 of the Intel Architecture Instruction Set Extensions Programming Reference, document 319433, version 013b, available from http://software.intel.com/en-us/avx/ The PREFETCHW bit is already supported in Linux under the name 3DNOWPREFETCH. Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-lgr6482ufk1bvxzvc2hr8qbp@git.kernel.org
| * | | | | | | x86, boot: Remove ancient, unconditionally #ifdef'd out dead codePaul Bolle2012-06-201-7/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Release v1.3.82 wrapped a few lines of code in an "#ifdef SAFE_RESET_DISK_CONTROLLER" and "#endif" pair. Since SAFE_RESET_DISK_CONTROLLER was never defined anywhere that was basically a verbose "#ifdef 0" and "#endif" pair. These dead lines have been in the tree for sixteen years but now the time has come to remove them. I guess the main lesson here is that if you want your dead code in the tree for a very long time you'd better be creative. A plain old "#ifdef 0" and "#endif" pair just doesn't cut it! See: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/199603301718.LAA00178@craie.inetnebr.com Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340230589.1773.7.camel@x61.thuisdomein Acked-by: Jeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net> Acked-by: Jesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
* | | | | | | | Merge branch 'x86-boot-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2012-07-265-27/+44
|\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86/boot changes from Ingo Molnar: "Kernel image size reduction and assorted fixes and other small improvements." * 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86, doc: Assign a bootloader ID for "Minimal Linux Bootloader" x86, boot: Exclude cmdline.c if you can't use it x86, boot: Exclude early_serial_console.c if can't use it. x86, boot: Removed unused debug flag and set code x86, boot: Switch output functions from command-line flags to conditional compilation x86, boot: Changed error putstr path to match new debug_putstr format x86, boot: Wrap debug printing in a new debug_putstr function x86, boot: Removed quiet flag and switched quiet output to debug flag
| * | | | | | | | x86, doc: Assign a bootloader ID for "Minimal Linux Bootloader"H. Peter Anvin2012-07-231-1/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Assign a bootloader ID for Sebastian Plotz' "Minimal Linux Bootloader" (http://sebastian-plotz.blogspot.de). Sebastian has agreed to make this the pilot for the use of extended boot loader IDs, so this is assigned version ID 0x11 (avoid assigning 0x10 for now to catch bugs with people putting E in the primary ID but leaving the extended ID as zero.) Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com> Cc: Sebastian Plotz <sebastian-plotz@web.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-nq318h0okuaem8x9dpv9854k@git.kernel.org
| * | | | | | | | x86, boot: Exclude cmdline.c if you can't use itGokul Caushik2012-07-212-2/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK is the only feature that might use command line parsing in the decompression stage. If it is disabled then we can exclude the related code to save space. This can result in an estimated space savings of 2240 bytes from the compressed kernel image. Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-8-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | | | | | x86, boot: Exclude early_serial_console.c if can't use it.Joe Millenbach2012-07-212-0/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Removes early_serial_console.c code if we don't have the config option that enables it (EARLY_PRINTK). When disabling this code, make early_serial_base a constant 0 to allow the compiler to optimize away the code that checks for early_serial_base. Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-7-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | | | | | x86, boot: Removed unused debug flag and set codeJoe Millenbach2012-07-211-4/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | As we're no longer using the flag we don't need to extract the value from the command line and store it. This is a step towards removing command line parameter code. Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-6-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
| * | | | | | | | x86, boot: Switch output functions from command-line flags to conditional ↵Joe Millenbach2012-07-212-15/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | compilation Changed putstr flagging from parameter to conditional compilation for puts, debug_putstr, and error_putstr. This allows for space savings since most configurations won't use this feature. Signed-off-by: Joe Millenbach <jmillenbach@gmail.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1342746282-28497-5-git-send-email-jmillenbach@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Gokul Caushik <caushik1@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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