| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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The following command line will leave the aio-stress process unkillable
on an ext4 file system (in my case, mounted on /mnt/test):
aio-stress -t 20 -s 10 -O -S -o 2 -I 1000 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.20 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.19 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.18 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.17 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.16 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.15 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.14 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.13 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.12 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.11 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.10 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.9 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.8 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.7 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.6 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.5 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.4 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.3 /mnt/test/aiostress.3561.4.2
This is using the aio-stress program from the xfstests test suite.
That particular command line tells aio-stress to do random writes to
20 files from 20 threads (one thread per file). The files are NOT
preallocated, so you will get writes to random offsets within the
file, thus creating holes and extending i_size. It also opens the
file with O_DIRECT and O_SYNC.
On to the problem. When an I/O requires unwritten extent conversion,
it is queued onto the completed_io_list for the ext4 inode. Two code
paths will pull work items from this list. The first is the
ext4_end_io_work routine, and the second is ext4_flush_completed_IO,
which is called via the fsync path (and O_SYNC handling, as well).
There are two issues I've found in these code paths. First, if the
fsync path beats the work routine to a particular I/O, the work
routine will free the io_end structure! It does not take into account
the fact that the io_end may still be in use by the fsync path. I've
fixed this issue by adding yet another IO_END flag, indicating that
the io_end is being processed by the fsync path.
The second problem is that the work routine will make an assignment to
io->flag outside of the lock. I have witnessed this result in a hang
at umount. Moving the flag setting inside the lock resolved that
problem.
The problem was introduced by commit b82e384c7b ("ext4: optimize
locking for end_io extent conversion"), which first appeared in 3.2.
As such, the fix should be backported to that release (probably along
with the unwritten extent conversion race fix).
Signed-off-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
CC: stable@kernel.org
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Now that we are doing the locking correctly, we need to grab the
i_completed_io_lock() twice per end_io. We can clean this up by
removing the structure from the i_complted_io_list, and use this as
the locking mechanism to prevent ext4_flush_completed_IO() racing
against ext4_end_io_work(), instead of clearing the
EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN in io->flag.
In addition, if the ext4_convert_unwritten_extents() returns an error,
we no longer keep the end_io structure on the linked list. This
doesn't help, because it tends to lock up the file system and wedges
the system. That's one way to call attention to the problem, but it
doesn't help the overall robustness of the system.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We must hold i_completed_io_lock when manipulating anything on the
i_completed_io_list linked list. This includes io->lock, which we
were checking in ext4_end_io_nolock().
So move this check to ext4_end_io_work(). This also has the bonus of
avoiding extra work if it is already done without needing to take the
mutex.
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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The function declarations in ext4.h are already marked extern, so it's
not necessary to do so in the .c files.
This quiets the sparse noise:
warning: function 'ext4_flush_completed_IO' with external linkage has definition
warning: function 'ext4_init_inode_table' with external linkage has definition
Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (60 commits)
ext4: prevent memory leaks from ext4_mb_init_backend() on error path
ext4: use EXT4_BAD_INO for buddy cache to avoid colliding with valid inode #
ext4: use ext4_msg() instead of printk in mballoc
ext4: use ext4_kvzalloc()/ext4_kvmalloc() for s_group_desc and s_group_info
ext4: introduce ext4_kvmalloc(), ext4_kzalloc(), and ext4_kvfree()
ext4: use the correct error exit path in ext4_init_inode_table()
ext4: add missing kfree() on error return path in add_new_gdb()
ext4: change umode_t in tracepoint headers to be an explicit __u16
ext4: fix races in ext4_sync_parent()
ext4: Fix overflow caused by missing cast in ext4_fallocate()
ext4: add action of moving index in ext4_ext_rm_idx for Punch Hole
ext4: simplify parameters of reserve_backup_gdb()
ext4: simplify parameters of add_new_gdb()
ext4: remove lock_buffer in bclean() and setup_new_group_blocks()
ext4: simplify journal handling in setup_new_group_blocks()
ext4: let setup_new_group_blocks() set multiple bits at a time
ext4: fix a typo in ext4_group_extend()
ext4: let ext4_group_add_blocks() handle 0 blocks quickly
ext4: let ext4_group_add_blocks() return an error code
ext4: rename ext4_add_groupblocks() to ext4_group_add_blocks()
...
Fix up conflict in fs/ext4/inode.c: commit aacfc19c626e ("fs: simplify
the blockdev_direct_IO prototype") had changed the ext4_ind_direct_IO()
function for the new simplified calling convention, while commit
dae1e52cb126 ("ext4: move ext4_ind_* functions from inode.c to
indirect.c") moved the function to another file.
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Fix problems if fsync() races against a rename of a parent directory
as pointed out by Al Viro in his own inimitable way:
>While we are at it, could somebody please explain what the hell is ext4
>doing in
>static int ext4_sync_parent(struct inode *inode)
>{
> struct writeback_control wbc;
> struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
> int ret = 0;
>
> while (inode && ext4_test_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_NEWENTRY)) {
> ext4_clear_inode_state(inode, EXT4_STATE_NEWENTRY);
> dentry = list_entry(inode->i_dentry.next,
> struct dentry, d_alias);
> if (!dentry || !dentry->d_parent || !dentry->d_parent->d_inode)
> break;
> inode = dentry->d_parent->d_inode;
> ret = sync_mapping_buffers(inode->i_mapping);
> ...
>Note that dentry obviously can't be NULL there. dentry->d_parent is never
>NULL. And dentry->d_parent would better not be negative, for crying out
>loud! What's worse, there's no guarantees that dentry->d_parent will
>remain our parent over that sync_mapping_buffers() *and* that inode won't
>just be freed under us (after rename() and memory pressure leading to
>eviction of what used to be our dentry->d_parent)......
Reported-by: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Btrfs needs to be able to control how filemap_write_and_wait_range() is called
in fsync to make it less of a painful operation, so push down taking i_mutex and
the calling of filemap_write_and_wait() down into the ->fsync() handlers. Some
file systems can drop taking the i_mutex altogether it seems, like ext3 and
ocfs2. For correctness sake I just pushed everything down in all cases to make
sure that we keep the current behavior the same for everybody, and then each
individual fs maintainer can make up their mind about what to do from there.
Thanks,
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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jbd2_log_start_commit() returns 1 only when we really start a
transaction. But we also need to wait for a transaction when the
commit is already running. Fix this problem by waiting for
transaction commit unconditionally (which is just a quick check if the
transaction is already committed).
Also we have to be more careful with sending of a barrier because when
transaction is being committed in parallel to ext4_sync_file()
running, we cannot be sure that the barrier the journalling code sends
happens after we wrote all the data for fsync (note that not every
data writeout needs to trigger metadata changes thus commit of some
metadata changes can be running while other data is still written
out). So use jbd2_will_send_data_barrier() helper to detect the common
cases when we can be sure barrier will be issued by the commit code
and issue the barrier ourselves in the remaining cases.
Reported-by: Edward Goggin <egoggin@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We have EXT4FS_DEBUG for some old debug and CONFIG_EXT4_DEBUG
for the new mballoc debug, but there isn't any EXT4_DEBUG.
As CONFIG_EXT4_DEBUG seems to be only used in mballoc, use
EXT4FS_DEBUG in fsync.c.
[ It doesn't really matter; although I'm including this commit for
consistency's sake. The whole point of the #ifdef's is to disable
the debugging code. In general you're not going to want to enable
all of the code protected by EXT4FS_DEBUG at the same time. -- Ted ]
Signed-off-by: Tao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: fix data corruption regression by reverting commit 6de9843dab3f
ext4: Allow indirect-block file to grow the file size to max file size
ext4: allow an active handle to be started when freezing
ext4: sync the directory inode in ext4_sync_parent()
ext4: init timer earlier to avoid a kernel panic in __save_error_info
jbd2: fix potential memory leak on transaction commit
ext4: fix a double free in ext4_register_li_request
ext4: fix credits computing for indirect mapped files
ext4: remove unnecessary [cm]time update of quota file
jbd2: move bdget out of critical section
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ext4 has taken the stance that, in the absence of a journal,
when an fsync/fdatasync of an inode is done, the parent
directory should be sync'ed if this inode entry is new.
ext4_sync_parent(), which implements this, does indeed sync
the dirent pages for parent directories, but it does not
sync the directory *inode*. This patch fixes this.
Also now return error status from ext4_sync_parent().
I tested this using a power fail test, which panics a
machine running a file server getting requests from a
client. Without this patch, on about every other test run,
the server is missing many, many files that had been synced.
With this patch, on > 6 runs, I see zero files being lost.
Google-Bug-Id: 4179519
Signed-off-by: Curt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Fixes generated by 'codespell' and manually reviewed.
Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
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- Add more ext4 tracepoints.
- Change ext4 tracepoints to use dev_t field with MAJOR/MINOR macros
so that we can save 4 bytes in the ring buffer on some platforms.
- Add sync_mode to ext4_da_writepages, ext4_da_write_pages, and
ext4_da_writepages_result tracepoints. Also remove for_reclaim
field from ext4_da_writepages since it is usually not very useful.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Ted first found the bug when running 2.6.36 kernel with dioread_nolock
mount option that xfstests #13 complained about wrong file size during fsck.
However, the bug exists in the older kernels as well although it is
somehow harder to trigger.
The problem is that ext4_end_io_work() can happen after we have truncated an
inode to a smaller size. Then when ext4_end_io_work() calls
ext4_convert_unwritten_extents(), we may reallocate some blocks that have
been truncated, so the inode size becomes inconsistent with the allocated
blocks.
The following patch flushes the i_completed_io_list during truncate to reduce
the risk that some pending end_io requests are executed later and convert
already truncated blocks to initialized.
Note that although the fix helps reduce the problem a lot there may still
be a race window between vmtruncate() and ext4_end_io_work(). The fundamental
problem is that if vmtruncate() is called without either i_mutex or i_alloc_sem
held, it can race with an ongoing write request so that the io_end request is
processed later when the corresponding blocks have been truncated.
Ted and I have discussed the problem offline and we saw a few ways to fix
the race completely:
a) We guarantee that i_mutex lock and i_alloc_sem write lock are both hold
whenever vmtruncate() is called. The i_mutex lock prevents any new write
requests from entering writeback and the i_alloc_sem prevents the race
from ext4_page_mkwrite(). Currently we hold both locks if vmtruncate()
is called from do_truncate(), which is probably the most common case.
However, there are places where we may call vmtruncate() without holding
either i_mutex or i_alloc_sem. I would like to ask for other people's
opinions on what locks are expected to be held before calling vmtruncate().
There seems a disagreement among the callers of that function.
b) We change the ext4 write path so that we change the extent tree to contain
the newly allocated blocks and update i_size both at the same time --- when
the write of the data blocks is completed.
c) We add some additional locking to synchronize vmtruncate() and
ext4_end_io_work(). This approach may have performance implications so we
need to be careful.
All of the above proposals may require more substantial changes, so
we may consider to take the following patch as a bandaid.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Conflicts:
fs/ext4/inode.c
fs/ext4/mballoc.c
include/trace/events/ext4.h
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Fix a namespace leak by moving the function to the file where it is
used and making it static.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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All the blkdev_issue_* helpers can only sanely be used for synchronous
caller. To issue cache flushes or barriers asynchronously the caller needs
to set up a bio by itself with a completion callback to move the asynchronous
state machine ahead. So drop the BLKDEV_IFL_WAIT flag that is always
specified when calling blkdev_issue_* and also remove the now unused flags
argument to blkdev_issue_flush and blkdev_issue_zeroout. For
blkdev_issue_discard we need to keep it for the secure discard flag, which
gains a more descriptive name and loses the bitops vs flag confusion.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
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We don't name our generic fsync implementations very well currently.
The no-op implementation for in-memory filesystems currently is called
simple_sync_file which doesn't make too much sense to start with,
the the generic one for simple filesystems is called simple_fsync
which can lead to some confusion.
This patch renames the generic file fsync method to generic_file_fsync
to match the other generic_file_* routines it is supposed to be used
with, and the no-op implementation to noop_fsync to make it obvious
what to expect. In addition add some documentation for both methods.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (40 commits)
ext4: Make fsync sync new parent directories in no-journal mode
ext4: Drop whitespace at end of lines
ext4: Fix compat EXT4_IOC_ADD_GROUP
ext4: Conditionally define compat ioctl numbers
tracing: Convert more ext4 events to DEFINE_EVENT
ext4: Add new tracepoints to track mballoc's buddy bitmap loads
ext4: Add a missing trace hook
ext4: restart ext4_ext_remove_space() after transaction restart
ext4: Clear the EXT4_EOFBLOCKS_FL flag only when warranted
ext4: Avoid crashing on NULL ptr dereference on a filesystem error
ext4: Use bitops to read/modify i_flags in struct ext4_inode_info
ext4: Convert calls of ext4_error() to EXT4_ERROR_INODE()
ext4: Convert callers of ext4_get_blocks() to use ext4_map_blocks()
ext4: Add new abstraction ext4_map_blocks() underneath ext4_get_blocks()
ext4: Use our own write_cache_pages()
ext4: Show journal_checksum option
ext4: Fix for ext4_mb_collect_stats()
ext4: check for a good block group before loading buddy pages
ext4: Prevent creation of files larger than RLIMIT_FSIZE using fallocate
ext4: Remove extraneous newlines in ext4_msg() calls
...
Fixed up trivial conflict in fs/ext4/fsync.c
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Add a new ext4 state to tell us when a file has been newly created; use
that state in ext4_sync_file in no-journal mode to tell us when we need
to sync the parent directory as well as the inode and data itself. This
fixes a problem in which a panic or power failure may lose the entire
file even when using fsync, since the parent directory entry is lost.
Addresses-Google-Bug: #2480057
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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This patch was generated using:
#!/usr/bin/perl -i
while (<>) {
s/[ ]+$//;
print;
}
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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The patch just convert all blkdev_issue_xxx function to common
set of flags. Wait/allocation semantics preserved.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
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This commit renames some of the direct I/O's block allocation flags,
variables, and functions introduced in Mingming's "Direct IO for holes
and fallocate" patches so that they can be used by ext4's buffered
write path as well. Also changed the related function comments
accordingly to cover both direct write and buffered write cases.
Signed-off-by: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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This is a bit complicated because we are trying to optimize when we
send barriers to the fs data disk. We could just throw in an extra
barrier to the data disk whenever we send a barrier to the journal
disk, but that's not always strictly necessary.
We only need to send a barrier during a commit when there are data
blocks which are must be written out due to an inode written in
ordered mode, or if fsync() depends on the commit to force data blocks
to disk. Finally, before we drop transactions from the beginning of
the journal during a checkpoint operation, we need to guarantee that
any blocks that were flushed out to the data disk are firmly on the
rust platter before we drop the transaction from the journal.
Thanks to Oleg Drokin for pointing out this flaw in ext3/ext4.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We cannot rely on buffer dirty bits during fsync because pdflush can come
before fsync is called and clear dirty bits without forcing a transaction
commit. What we do is that we track which transaction has last changed
the inode and which transaction last changed allocation and force it to
disk on fsync.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We don't to issue an I/O barrier on an error or if we force commit
because we are doing data journaling.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
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For async direct IO that covers holes or fallocate, the end_io
callback function now queued the convertion work on workqueue but
don't flush the work rightaway as it might take too long to afford.
But when fsync is called after all the data is completed, user expects
the metadata also being updated before fsync returns.
Thus we need to flush the conversion work when fsync() is called.
This patch keep track of a listed of completed async direct io that
has a work queued on workqueue. When fsync() is called, it will go
through the list and do the conversion.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
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When there is no journal present, we must attach buffer heads
associated with extent tree and indirect blocks to the inode's
mapping->private_list via mark_buffer_dirty_inode() so that
ext4_sync_file() --- which is called to service fsync() and
fdatasync() system calls --- can write out the inode's metadata blocks
by calling sync_mapping_buffers().
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We need to flush the write cache unconditionally in ->fsync, otherwise
writes into already allocated blocks can get lost. Writes into fully
allocated files are very common when using disk images for
virtualization, and without this fix can easily lose data after
an fdatasync, which is the typical implementation for a cache flush on
the virtual drive.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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This debugging markers are designed to debug problems such as the
random filesystem latency problems reported by Arjan.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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To ensure that bits are truly on-disk after an fsync,
we should call blkdev_issue_flush if barriers are supported.
Inspired by an old thread on barriers, by reiserfs & xfs
which do the same, and by a patch SuSE ships with their kernel
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Move ext4 headers out of include/linux. This is just the trivial move,
there's some more thing that could be done later.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Currently fdatasync is identical to fsync in ext3.
I think fdatasync should skip journal flush in data=ordered and
data=writeback mode when it overwrites to already-instantiated blocks on
HDD. When I_DIRTY_DATASYNC flag is not set, fdatasync should skip journal
writeout because this indicates only atime or/and mtime updates.
Following patch is the same approach of ext2's fsync code(ext2_sync_file).
I did a performance test using the sysbench.
#sysbench --num-threads=128 --max-requests=50000 --test=fileio --file-total-size=128G
--file-test-mode=rndwr --file-fsync-mode=fdatasync run
The result on ext3 was:
-2.6.24
Operations performed: 0 Read, 50080 Write, 59600 Other = 109680 Total
Read 0b Written 782.5Mb Total transferred 782.5Mb (12.116Mb/sec)
775.45 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 64.5814s
total number of events: 50080
total time taken by event execution: 3713.9836
per-request statistics:
min: 0.0000s
avg: 0.0742s
max: 0.9375s
approx. 95 percentile: 0.2901s
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 391.2500/23.26
execution time (avg/stddev): 29.0155/1.99
-2.6.24-patched
Operations performed: 0 Read, 50009 Write, 61596 Other = 111605 Total
Read 0b Written 781.39Mb Total transferred 781.39Mb (16.419Mb/sec)
1050.83 Requests/sec executed
Test execution summary:
total time: 47.5900s
total number of events: 50009
total time taken by event execution: 2934.5768
per-request statistics:
min: 0.0000s
avg: 0.0587s
max: 0.8938s
approx. 95 percentile: 0.1993s
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 390.6953/22.64
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9264/1.17
Filesystem I/O throughput was improved.
Signed-off-by :Hisashi Hifumi <hifumi.hisashi@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Reworked from a patch by Mingming Cao and Randy Dunlap
Signed-off-By: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Mingming Cao originally did this work, and Shaggy reproduced it using some
scripts from her.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Start of the ext4 patch series. See Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt for
details.
This is a simple copy of the files in fs/ext3 to fs/ext4 and
/usr/incude/linux/ext3* to /usr/include/ex4*
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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