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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Rather than keep a list of all possible compression types in the
Makefile, set the target explicitly from Kconfig.
Reviewed-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When using initramfs compression, the data file compression suffix
gets quotes pulled in from Kconfig, e.g., initramfs_data.cpio".gz"
which make does not match a target and causes rebuild.
Fix this by filtering out quotes from the Kconfig string.
Fixes: 35e669e1a254 ("initramfs: select builtin initram compression algorithm on KConfig instead of Makefile")
Reviewed-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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of Makefile
Move the current builtin initram compression algorithm selection from
the Makefile into the INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION variable. This makes
deciding algorithm precedence easier and would allow for overrides if
new algorithms want to be tested.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57EAD769.1090401@klondike.es
Signed-off-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When expert configuration option(CONFIG_EXPERT) is enabled, menuconfig
offers a choice of compression algorithm to compress initial ramfs image;
This choice is stored into CONFIG_RD_* variables. But usr/Makefile uses
earlier INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_* macros to build initial ramfs file. Since
none of them is defined, resulting 'initramfs_data.cpio' file remains
un-compressed.
This patch updates the Makefile to use CONFIG_RD_* variables and adds
support for LZ4 compression algorithm. Also updates the
'gen_initramfs_list.sh' script to check whether a selected compression
command is accessible or not. And fall-back to default gzip(1)
compression when it is not.
Signed-off-by: P J P <prasad@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This implements the API defined in <linux/decompress/generic.h> which is
used for kernel, initramfs, and initrd decompression. This patch together
with the first patch is enough for XZ-compressed initramfs and initrd;
XZ-compressed kernel will need arch-specific changes.
The buffering requirements described in decompress_unxz.c are stricter
than with gzip, so the relevant changes should be done to the
arch-specific code when adding support for XZ-compressed kernel.
Similarly, the heap size in arch-specific pre-boot code may need to be
increased (30 KiB is enough).
The XZ decompressor needs memmove(), memeq() (memcmp() == 0), and
memzero() (memset(ptr, 0, size)), which aren't available in all
arch-specific pre-boot environments. I'm including simple versions in
decompress_unxz.c, but a cleaner solution would naturally be nicer.
Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove initramfs_data.{lzo,lzma,gz,bz2}.S variants and use a common
implementation in initramfs_data.S. The common implementation expects the
file name of the initramfs to be defined in INITRAMFS_IMAGE.
Change the Makefile to set the INITRAMFS_IMAGE define symbol according
to the selected compression method.
Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
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Add the necessary parts to be enable the use of LZO-compressed initramfs
build into the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix the Makefile comment since bzip2 is now supported.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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Impact: quiet Kconfig warning
It appears that Kconfig simply has no way to provide defaults for
entries that exist inside a conditionalized choice block.
Fortunately, it turns out we don't actually ever use
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE, so we can just drop it for
everything outside the choice block.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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Impact: Avoids silent environment dependency
Make builtin initramfs compression an explicit configurable. The
previous version would pick a compression based on the binaries which
were installed on the system, which could lead to unexpected results.
It is now explicitly configured, and not having the appropriate
binaries installed on the build host is simply an error.
Signed-off-by: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
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Impact: Resolves build failures in some configurations
Makes it possible to disable CONFIG_RD_GZIP . In that case, the
built-in initramfs will be compressed by whatever compressor is
available (bzip2 or lzma) or left uncompressed if none is available.
It also removes a couple of warnings which occur when no ramdisk
compression at all is chosen.
It also restores the select ZLIB_INFLATE in drivers/block/Kconfig
which somehow came missing. This is needed to activate compilation of
the stuff in zlib_deflate.
Signed-off-by: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
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The file init/initramfs.c is always compiled and linked in the kernel
vmlinux even when BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INITRD are disabled and the
system isn't using any form of an initramfs or initrd. In this situation
the code is only used to unpack a (static) default initial rootfilesystem.
The current init/initramfs.c code. usr/initramfs_data.o compiles to a size
of ~15 kbytes. Disabling BLK_DEV_RAM and BLK_DEV_INTRD shrinks the kernel
code size with ~60 Kbytes.
This patch avoids compiling in the code and data for initramfs support if
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not defined. Instead of the initramfs code and
data it uses a small routine in init/noinitramfs.c to setup an initial
static default environment for mounting a rootfilesystem later on in the
kernel initialisation process. The new code is: 164 bytes of size.
The patch is separated in two parts:
1) doesn't compile initramfs code when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set
2) changing all plaforms vmlinux.lds.S files to not reserve an area of
PAGE_SIZE when CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is not set.
[deweerdt@free.fr: warning fix]
Signed-off-by: Jean-Paul Saman <jean-paul.saman@nxp.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederik Deweerdt <frederik.deweerdt@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix bug 7401.
Handle more than one source dir or file list to the initramfs gen scripts.
The Kconfig help for INITRAMFS_SOURCE claims that you can specify multiple
space-separated sources in order to allow unprivileged users to build an
image. There are two bugs in the current implementation that prevent this
from working.
First, we pass "file1 dir2" to the gen_initramfs_list.sh script, which it
obviously can't open.
Second, gen_initramfs_list.sh -l outputs multiple definitions for
deps_initramfs -- one for each argument.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Chou <thomas@wytron.com.tw>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Acked-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Consistently decide when to rebuild a target across all of
if_changed, if_changed_dep, if_changed_rule.
PHONY targets are now treated alike (ignored) for all targets
While add it make Kbuild.include almost readable by factoring out a few
bits to some common variables and reuse this in Makefile.build.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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When a file supplied via CONFIG_INITRAMFS pointed to a file
for which kbuild had a rule to compile it (foo.c => foo.o)
then kbuild would compile the file before adding the
file to the initramfs.
Teach make that files included in initramfs shall not be updated by adding
an 'empty command'. (See "Using Empty Commands" in info make).
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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This patch fix double inclusion of ramfs-input.
Signed-off-by: Nickolay Vinogradov <nickolay@protei.ru>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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initramfs.cpio.gz being build in usr/ and included in the
kernel was not rebuild when the included files changed.
To fix this the following was done:
- let gen_initramfs.sh generate a list of files and directories included
in the initramfs
- gen_initramfs generate the gzipped cpio archive so we could simplify
the kbuild file (Makefile)
- utilising the kbuild infrastructure so when uid/gid root mapping changes
the initramfs will be rebuild
With this change we have a much more robust initramfs generation.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
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Kbuild.include is a placeholder for definitions originally present in
both the top-level Makefile and scripts/Makefile.build.
There were a slight difference in the filechk definition, so the most videly
used version was kept and usr/Makefile was adopted for this syntax.
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
---
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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