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* net: Add Geneve tunneling protocol driverAndy Zhou2014-10-061-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds a device level support for Geneve -- Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation. The protocol is documented at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-01 Only protocol layer Geneve support is provided by this driver. Openvswitch can be used for configuring, set up and tear down functional Geneve tunnels. Signed-off-by: Jesse Gross <jesse@nicira.com> Signed-off-by: Andy Zhou <azhou@nicira.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net: tcp: add DCTCP congestion control algorithmDaniel Borkmann2014-09-291-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This work adds the DataCenter TCP (DCTCP) congestion control algorithm [1], which has been first published at SIGCOMM 2010 [2], resp. follow-up analysis at SIGMETRICS 2011 [3] (and also, more recently as an informational IETF draft available at [4]). DCTCP is an enhancement to the TCP congestion control algorithm for data center networks. Typical data center workloads are i.e. i) partition/aggregate (queries; bursty, delay sensitive), ii) short messages e.g. 50KB-1MB (for coordination and control state; delay sensitive), and iii) large flows e.g. 1MB-100MB (data update; throughput sensitive). DCTCP has therefore been designed for such environments to provide/achieve the following three requirements: * High burst tolerance (incast due to partition/aggregate) * Low latency (short flows, queries) * High throughput (continuous data updates, large file transfers) with commodity, shallow buffered switches The basic idea of its design consists of two fundamentals: i) on the switch side, packets are being marked when its internal queue length > threshold K (K is chosen so that a large enough headroom for marked traffic is still available in the switch queue); ii) the sender/host side maintains a moving average of the fraction of marked packets, so each RTT, F is being updated as follows: F := X / Y, where X is # of marked ACKs, Y is total # of ACKs alpha := (1 - g) * alpha + g * F, where g is a smoothing constant The resulting alpha (iow: probability that switch queue is congested) is then being used in order to adaptively decrease the congestion window W: W := (1 - (alpha / 2)) * W The means for receiving marked packets resp. marking them on switch side in DCTCP is the use of ECN. RFC3168 describes a mechanism for using Explicit Congestion Notification from the switch for early detection of congestion, rather than waiting for segment loss to occur. However, this method only detects the presence of congestion, not the *extent*. In the presence of mild congestion, it reduces the TCP congestion window too aggressively and unnecessarily affects the throughput of long flows [4]. DCTCP, as mentioned, enhances Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) processing to estimate the fraction of bytes that encounter congestion, rather than simply detecting that some congestion has occurred. DCTCP then scales the TCP congestion window based on this estimate [4], thus it can derive multibit feedback from the information present in the single-bit sequence of marks in its control law. And thus act in *proportion* to the extent of congestion, not its *presence*. Switches therefore set the Congestion Experienced (CE) codepoint in packets when internal queue lengths exceed threshold K. Resulting, DCTCP delivers the same or better throughput than normal TCP, while using 90% less buffer space. It was found in [2] that DCTCP enables the applications to handle 10x the current background traffic, without impacting foreground traffic. Moreover, a 10x increase in foreground traffic did not cause any timeouts, and thus largely eliminates TCP incast collapse problems. The algorithm itself has already seen deployments in large production data centers since then. We did a long-term stress-test and analysis in a data center, short summary of our TCP incast tests with iperf compared to cubic: This test measured DCTCP throughput and latency and compared it with CUBIC throughput and latency for an incast scenario. In this test, 19 senders sent at maximum rate to a single receiver. The receiver simply ran iperf -s. The senders ran iperf -c <receiver> -t 30. All senders started simultaneously (using local clocks synchronized by ntp). This test was repeated multiple times. Below shows the results from a single test. Other tests are similar. (DCTCP results were extremely consistent, CUBIC results show some variance induced by the TCP timeouts that CUBIC encountered.) For this test, we report statistics on the number of TCP timeouts, flow throughput, and traffic latency. 1) Timeouts (total over all flows, and per flow summaries): CUBIC DCTCP Total 3227 25 Mean 169.842 1.316 Median 183 1 Max 207 5 Min 123 0 Stddev 28.991 1.600 Timeout data is taken by measuring the net change in netstat -s "other TCP timeouts" reported. As a result, the timeout measurements above are not restricted to the test traffic, and we believe that it is likely that all of the "DCTCP timeouts" are actually timeouts for non-test traffic. We report them nevertheless. CUBIC will also include some non-test timeouts, but they are drawfed by bona fide test traffic timeouts for CUBIC. Clearly DCTCP does an excellent job of preventing TCP timeouts. DCTCP reduces timeouts by at least two orders of magnitude and may well have eliminated them in this scenario. 2) Throughput (per flow in Mbps): CUBIC DCTCP Mean 521.684 521.895 Median 464 523 Max 776 527 Min 403 519 Stddev 105.891 2.601 Fairness 0.962 0.999 Throughput data was simply the average throughput for each flow reported by iperf. By avoiding TCP timeouts, DCTCP is able to achieve much better per-flow results. In CUBIC, many flows experience TCP timeouts which makes flow throughput unpredictable and unfair. DCTCP, on the other hand, provides very clean predictable throughput without incurring TCP timeouts. Thus, the standard deviation of CUBIC throughput is dramatically higher than the standard deviation of DCTCP throughput. Mean throughput is nearly identical because even though cubic flows suffer TCP timeouts, other flows will step in and fill the unused bandwidth. Note that this test is something of a best case scenario for incast under CUBIC: it allows other flows to fill in for flows experiencing a timeout. Under situations where the receiver is issuing requests and then waiting for all flows to complete, flows cannot fill in for timed out flows and throughput will drop dramatically. 3) Latency (in ms): CUBIC DCTCP Mean 4.0088 0.04219 Median 4.055 0.0395 Max 4.2 0.085 Min 3.32 0.028 Stddev 0.1666 0.01064 Latency for each protocol was computed by running "ping -i 0.2 <receiver>" from a single sender to the receiver during the incast test. For DCTCP, "ping -Q 0x6 -i 0.2 <receiver>" was used to ensure that traffic traversed the DCTCP queue and was not dropped when the queue size was greater than the marking threshold. The summary statistics above are over all ping metrics measured between the single sender, receiver pair. The latency results for this test show a dramatic difference between CUBIC and DCTCP. CUBIC intentionally overflows the switch buffer which incurs the maximum queue latency (more buffer memory will lead to high latency.) DCTCP, on the other hand, deliberately attempts to keep queue occupancy low. The result is a two orders of magnitude reduction of latency with DCTCP - even with a switch with relatively little RAM. Switches with larger amounts of RAM will incur increasing amounts of latency for CUBIC, but not for DCTCP. 4) Convergence and stability test: This test measured the time that DCTCP took to fairly redistribute bandwidth when a new flow commences. It also measured DCTCP's ability to remain stable at a fair bandwidth distribution. DCTCP is compared with CUBIC for this test. At the commencement of this test, a single flow is sending at maximum rate (near 10 Gbps) to a single receiver. One second after that first flow commences, a new flow from a distinct server begins sending to the same receiver as the first flow. After the second flow has sent data for 10 seconds, the second flow is terminated. The first flow sends for an additional second. Ideally, the bandwidth would be evenly shared as soon as the second flow starts, and recover as soon as it stops. The results of this test are shown below. Note that the flow bandwidth for the two flows was measured near the same time, but not simultaneously. DCTCP performs nearly perfectly within the measurement limitations of this test: bandwidth is quickly distributed fairly between the two flows, remains stable throughout the duration of the test, and recovers quickly. CUBIC, in contrast, is slow to divide the bandwidth fairly, and has trouble remaining stable. CUBIC DCTCP Seconds Flow 1 Flow 2 Seconds Flow 1 Flow 2 0 9.93 0 0 9.92 0 0.5 9.87 0 0.5 9.86 0 1 8.73 2.25 1 6.46 4.88 1.5 7.29 2.8 1.5 4.9 4.99 2 6.96 3.1 2 4.92 4.94 2.5 6.67 3.34 2.5 4.93 5 3 6.39 3.57 3 4.92 4.99 3.5 6.24 3.75 3.5 4.94 4.74 4 6 3.94 4 5.34 4.71 4.5 5.88 4.09 4.5 4.99 4.97 5 5.27 4.98 5 4.83 5.01 5.5 4.93 5.04 5.5 4.89 4.99 6 4.9 4.99 6 4.92 5.04 6.5 4.93 5.1 6.5 4.91 4.97 7 4.28 5.8 7 4.97 4.97 7.5 4.62 4.91 7.5 4.99 4.82 8 5.05 4.45 8 5.16 4.76 8.5 5.93 4.09 8.5 4.94 4.98 9 5.73 4.2 9 4.92 5.02 9.5 5.62 4.32 9.5 4.87 5.03 10 6.12 3.2 10 4.91 5.01 10.5 6.91 3.11 10.5 4.87 5.04 11 8.48 0 11 8.49 4.94 11.5 9.87 0 11.5 9.9 0 SYN/ACK ECT test: This test demonstrates the importance of ECT on SYN and SYN-ACK packets by measuring the connection probability in the presence of competing flows for a DCTCP connection attempt *without* ECT in the SYN packet. The test was repeated five times for each number of competing flows. Competing Flows 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 ------------------------------ Mean Connection Probability 1 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0 Median Connection Probability 1 | 0.65 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0 As the number of competing flows moves beyond 1, the connection probability drops rapidly. Enabling DCTCP with this patch requires the following steps: DCTCP must be running both on the sender and receiver side in your data center, i.e.: sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=dctcp Also, ECN functionality must be enabled on all switches in your data center for DCTCP to work. The default ECN marking threshold (K) heuristic on the switch for DCTCP is e.g., 20 packets (30KB) at 1Gbps, and 65 packets (~100KB) at 10Gbps (K > 1/7 * C * RTT, [4]). In above tests, for each switch port, traffic was segregated into two queues. For any packet with a DSCP of 0x01 - or equivalently a TOS of 0x04 - the packet was placed into the DCTCP queue. All other packets were placed into the default drop-tail queue. For the DCTCP queue, RED/ECN marking was enabled, here, with a marking threshold of 75 KB. More details however, we refer you to the paper [2] under section 3). There are no code changes required to applications running in user space. DCTCP has been implemented in full *isolation* of the rest of the TCP code as its own congestion control module, so that it can run without a need to expose code to the core of the TCP stack, and thus nothing changes for non-DCTCP users. Changes in the CA framework code are minimal, and DCTCP algorithm operates on mechanisms that are already available in most Silicon. The gain (dctcp_shift_g) is currently a fixed constant (1/16) from the paper, but we leave the option that it can be chosen carefully to a different value by the user. In case DCTCP is being used and ECN support on peer site is off, DCTCP falls back after 3WHS to operate in normal TCP Reno mode. ss {-4,-6} -t -i diag interface: ... dctcp wscale:7,7 rto:203 rtt:2.349/0.026 mss:1448 cwnd:2054 ssthresh:1102 ce_state 0 alpha 15 ab_ecn 0 ab_tot 735584 send 10129.2Mbps pacing_rate 20254.1Mbps unacked:1822 retrans:0/15 reordering:101 rcv_space:29200 ... dctcp-reno wscale:7,7 rto:201 rtt:0.711/1.327 ato:40 mss:1448 cwnd:10 ssthresh:1102 fallback_mode send 162.9Mbps pacing_rate 325.5Mbps rcv_rtt:1.5 rcv_space:29200 More information about DCTCP can be found in [1-4]. [1] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP.html [2] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP_files/dctcp-final.pdf [3] http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP_files/dctcp_analysis-full.pdf [4] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bensley-tcpm-dctcp-00 Joint work with Florian Westphal and Glenn Judd. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de> Signed-off-by: Glenn Judd <glenn.judd@morganstanley.com> Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* fou: Support for foo-over-udp RX pathTom Herbert2014-09-191-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch provides a receive path for foo-over-udp. This allows direct encapsulation of IP protocols over UDP. The bound destination port is used to map to an IP protocol, and the XFRM framework (udp_encap_rcv) is used to receive encapsulated packets. Upon reception, the encapsulation header is logically removed (pointer to transport header is advanced) and the packet is reinjected into the receive path with the IP protocol indicated by the mapping. Netlink is used to configure FOU ports. The configuration information includes the port number to bind to and the IP protocol corresponding to that port. This should support GRE/UDP (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-yong-tsvwg-gre-in-udp-encap-02), as will as the other IP tunneling protocols (IPIP, SIT). Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* udp: Add udp_sock_create for UDP tunnels to open listener socketTom Herbert2014-07-141-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | Added udp_tunnel.c which can contain some common functions for UDP tunnels. The first function in this is udp_sock_create which is used to open the listener port for a UDP tunnel. Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* xfrm4: Add IPsec protocol multiplexerSteffen Klassert2014-02-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | This patch add an IPsec protocol multiplexer. With this it is possible to add alternative protocol handlers as needed for IPsec virtual tunnel interfaces. Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com>
* gre_offload: statically build GRE offloading supportEric Dumazet2014-01-061-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | GRO/GSO layers can be enabled on a node, even if said node is only forwarding packets. This patch permits GSO (and upcoming GRO) support for GRE encapsulated packets, even if the host has no GRE tunnel setup. Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: H.K. Jerry Chu <hkchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net: gre: move GSO functions to gre_offloadDaniel Borkmann2013-07-031-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Similarly to TCP/UDP offloading, move all related GRE functions to gre_offload.c to make things more explicit and similar to the rest of the code. Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* ip_tunnels: extend iptunnel_xmit()Pravin B Shelar2013-06-191-1/+1
| | | | | | | | Refactor various ip tunnels xmit functions and extend iptunnel_xmit() so that there is more code sharing. Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net: udp4: move GSO functions to udp_offloadDaniel Borkmann2013-06-121-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Similarly to TCP offloading and UDPv6 offloading, move all related UDPv4 functions to udp_offload.c to make things more explicit. Also, by this, we can make those functions static. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net: tcp: move GRO/GSO functions to tcp_offloadDaniel Borkmann2013-06-071-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Would be good to make things explicit and move those functions to a new file called tcp_offload.c, thus make this similar to tcpv6_offload.c. While moving all related functions into tcp_offload.c, we can also make some of them static, since they are only used there. Also, add an explicit registration function. Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* GRE: Refactor GRE tunneling code.Pravin B Shelar2013-03-261-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Following patch refactors GRE code into ip tunneling code and GRE specific code. Common tunneling code is moved to ip_tunnel module. ip_tunnel module is written as generic library which can be used by different tunneling implementations. ip_tunnel module contains following components: - packet xmit and rcv generic code. xmit flow looks like (gre_xmit/ipip_xmit)->ip_tunnel_xmit->ip_local_out. - hash table of all devices. - lookup for tunnel devices. - control plane operations like device create, destroy, ioctl, netlink operations code. - registration for tunneling modules, like gre, ipip etc. - define single pcpu_tstats dev->tstats. - struct tnl_ptk_info added to pass parsed tunnel packet parameters. ipip.h header is renamed to ip_tunnel.h Signed-off-by: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* memcg: rename config variablesAndrew Morton2012-07-311-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sanity: CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR -> CONFIG_MEMCG CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP_ENABLED -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM -> CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM [mhocko@suse.cz: fix missed bits] Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* net-tcp: Fast Open baseYuchung Cheng2012-07-191-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch impelements the common code for both the client and server. 1. TCP Fast Open option processing. Since Fast Open does not have an option number assigned by IANA yet, it shares the experiment option code 254 by implementing draft-ietf-tcpm-experimental-options with a 16 bits magic number 0xF989. This enables global experiments without clashing the scarce(2) experimental options available for TCP. When the draft status becomes standard (maybe), the client should switch to the new option number assigned while the server supports both numbers for transistion. 2. The new sysctl tcp_fastopen 3. A place holder init function Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com> Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net/ipv4: VTI support new module for ip_vti.Saurabh2012-07-181-0/+1
| | | | | | | | New VTI tunnel kernel module, Kconfig and Makefile changes. Signed-off-by: Saurabh Mohan <saurabh.mohan@vyatta.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* tcp: Move dynamnic metrics handling into seperate file.David S. Miller2012-07-101-1/+1
| | | | Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* tcp memory pressure controlsGlauber Costa2011-12-121-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | This patch introduces memory pressure controls for the tcp protocol. It uses the generic socket memory pressure code introduced in earlier patches, and fills in the necessary data in cg_proto struct. Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujtisu.com> CC: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* udp_diag: Wire the udp_diag module into kbuildPavel Emelyanov2011-12-091-0/+1
| | | | | | | Copy-s/tcp/udp/-paste from TCP bits. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* net: ipv4: add IPPROTO_ICMP socket kindVasiliy Kulikov2011-05-131-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds IPPROTO_ICMP socket kind. It makes it possible to send ICMP_ECHO messages and receive the corresponding ICMP_ECHOREPLY messages without any special privileges. In other words, the patch makes it possible to implement setuid-less and CAP_NET_RAW-less /bin/ping. In order not to increase the kernel's attack surface, the new functionality is disabled by default, but is enabled at bootup by supporting Linux distributions, optionally with restriction to a group or a group range (see below). Similar functionality is implemented in Mac OS X: http://www.manpagez.com/man/4/icmp/ A new ping socket is created with socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, PROT_ICMP) Message identifiers (octets 4-5 of ICMP header) are interpreted as local ports. Addresses are stored in struct sockaddr_in. No port numbers are reserved for privileged processes, port 0 is reserved for API ("let the kernel pick a free number"). There is no notion of remote ports, remote port numbers provided by the user (e.g. in connect()) are ignored. Data sent and received include ICMP headers. This is deliberate to: 1) Avoid the need to transport headers values like sequence numbers by other means. 2) Make it easier to port existing programs using raw sockets. ICMP headers given to send() are checked and sanitized. The type must be ICMP_ECHO and the code must be zero (future extensions might relax this, see below). The id is set to the number (local port) of the socket, the checksum is always recomputed. ICMP reply packets received from the network are demultiplexed according to their id's, and are returned by recv() without any modifications. IP header information and ICMP errors of those packets may be obtained via ancillary data (IP_RECVTTL, IP_RETOPTS, and IP_RECVERR). ICMP source quenches and redirects are reported as fake errors via the error queue (IP_RECVERR); the next hop address for redirects is saved to ee_info (in network order). socket(2) is restricted to the group range specified in "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ping_group_range". It is "1 0" by default, meaning that nobody (not even root) may create ping sockets. Setting it to "100 100" would grant permissions to the single group (to either make /sbin/ping g+s and owned by this group or to grant permissions to the "netadmins" group), "0 4294967295" would enable it for the world, "100 4294967295" would enable it for the users, but not daemons. The existing code might be (in the unlikely case anyone needs it) extended rather easily to handle other similar pairs of ICMP messages (Timestamp/Reply, Information Request/Reply, Address Mask Request/Reply etc.). Userspace ping util & patch for it: http://openwall.info/wiki/people/segoon/ping For Openwall GNU/*/Linux it was the last step on the road to the setuid-less distro. A revision of this patch (for RHEL5/OpenVZ kernels) is in use in Owl-current, such as in the 2011/03/12 LiveCD ISOs: http://mirrors.kernel.org/openwall/Owl/current/iso/ Initially this functionality was written by Pavel Kankovsky for Linux 2.4.32, but unfortunately it was never made public. All ping options (-b, -p, -Q, -R, -s, -t, -T, -M, -I), are tested with the patch. PATCH v3: - switched to flowi4. - minor changes to be consistent with raw sockets code. PATCH v2: - changed ping_debug() to pr_debug(). - removed CONFIG_IP_PING. - removed ping_seq_fops.owner field (unused for procfs). - switched to proc_net_fops_create(). - switched to %pK in seq_printf(). PATCH v1: - fixed checksumming bug. - CAP_NET_RAW may not create icmp sockets anymore. RFC v2: - minor cleanups. - introduced sysctl'able group range to restrict socket(2). Signed-off-by: Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* ipv4: Remove fib_hash.David S. Miller2011-02-011-3/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The time has finally come to remove the hash based routing table implementation in ipv4. FIB Trie is mature, well tested, and I've done an audit of it's code to confirm that it implements insert, delete, and lookup with the same identical semantics as fib_hash did. If there are any semantic differences found in fib_trie, we should simply fix them. I've placed the trie statistic config option under advanced router configuration. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
* PPTP: PPP over IPv4 (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)Dmitry Kozlov2010-08-211-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PPP: introduce "pptp" module which implements point-to-point tunneling protocol using pppox framework NET: introduce the "gre" module for demultiplexing GRE packets on version criteria (required to pptp and ip_gre may coexists) NET: ip_gre: update to use the "gre" module This patch introduces then pptp support to the linux kernel which dramatically speeds up pptp vpn connections and decreases cpu usage in comparison of existing user-space implementation (poptop/pptpclient). There is accel-pptp project (https://sourceforge.net/projects/accel-pptp/) to utilize this module, it contains plugin for pppd to use pptp in client-mode and modified pptpd (poptop) to build high-performance pptp NAS. There was many changes from initial submitted patch, most important are: 1. using rcu instead of read-write locks 2. using static bitmap instead of dynamically allocated 3. using vmalloc for memory allocation instead of BITS_PER_LONG + __get_free_pages 4. fixed many coding style issues Thanks to Eric Dumazet. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Kozlov <xeb@mail.ru> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* IPVS: Move IPVS to net/netfilter/ipvsJulius Volz2008-10-071-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | Since IPVS now has partial IPv6 support, this patch moves IPVS from net/ipv4/ipvs to net/netfilter/ipvs. It's a result of: $ git mv net/ipv4/ipvs net/netfilter and adapting the relevant Kconfigs/Makefiles to the new path. Signed-off-by: Julius Volz <juliusv@google.com> Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au>
* [IPV4]: Cleanup the sysctl_net_ipv4.c filePavel Emelyanov2008-01-281-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This includes several cleanups: * tune Makefile to compile out this file when SYSCTL=n. Now it looks like net/core/sysctl_net_core.c one; * move the ipv4_config to af_inet.c to exist all the time; * remove additional sysctl_ip_nonlocal_bind declaration (it is already declared in net/ip.h); * remove no nonger needed ifdefs from this file. This is a preparation for using ctl paths for net/ipv4/ sysctl table. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET]: Collect frag queues management objects togetherPavel Emelyanov2007-10-151-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There are some objects that are common in all the places which are used to keep track of frag queues, they are: * hash table * LRU list * rw lock * rnd number for hash function * the number of queues * the amount of memory occupied by queues * secret timer Move all this stuff into one structure (struct inet_frags) to make it possible use them uniformly in the future. Like with the previous patch this mostly consists of hunks like - write_lock(&ipfrag_lock); + write_lock(&ip4_frags.lock); To address the issue with exporting the number of queues and the amount of memory occupied by queues outside the .c file they are declared in, I introduce a couple of helpers. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NET]: Generic Large Receive Offload for TCP trafficJan-Bernd Themann2007-10-101-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch provides generic Large Receive Offload (LRO) functionality for IPv4/TCP traffic. LRO combines received tcp packets to a single larger tcp packet and passes them then to the network stack in order to increase performance (throughput). The interface supports two modes: Drivers can either pass SKBs or fragment lists to the LRO engine. Signed-off-by: Jan-Bernd Themann <themann@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [IPV4]: The scheduled removal of multipath cached routing support.David S. Miller2007-07-101-5/+0
| | | | | | With help from Chris Wedgwood. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [IPV4]: Consolidate common SNMP codeHerbert Xu2007-04-251-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | This patch moves the SNMP code shared between IPv4/IPv6 from proc.c into net/ipv4/af_inet.c. This makes sense because these functions aren't specific to /proc. As a result we can again skip proc.o if /proc is disabled. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Acked-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [IPV4]: Fix build without procfs.YOSHIFUJI Hideaki2007-04-251-2/+2
| | | | | Signed-off-by: YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: TCP Illinois congestion control (rev3)Stephen Hemminger2007-04-251-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | This is an implementation of TCP Illinois invented by Shao Liu at University of Illinois. It is a another variant of Reno which adapts the alpha and beta parameters based on RTT. The basic idea is to increase window less rapidly as delay approaches the maximum. See the papers and talks to get a more complete description. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP] YeAH-TCP: algorithm implementationAngelo P. Castellani2007-04-251-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | YeAH-TCP is a sender-side high-speed enabled TCP congestion control algorithm, which uses a mixed loss/delay approach to compute the congestion window. It's design goals target high efficiency, internal, RTT and Reno fairness, resilience to link loss while keeping network elements load as low as possible. For further details look here: http://wil.cs.caltech.edu/pfldnet2007/paper/YeAH_TCP.pdf Signed-off-by: Angelo P. Castellani <angelo.castellani@gmail.con> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NET]: Supporting UDP-Lite (RFC 3828) in LinuxGerrit Renker2006-12-021-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is a revision of the previously submitted patch, which alters the way files are organized and compiled in the following manner: * UDP and UDP-Lite now use separate object files * source file dependencies resolved via header files net/ipv{4,6}/udp_impl.h * order of inclusion files in udp.c/udplite.c adapted accordingly [NET/IPv4]: Support for the UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828) This patch adds support for UDP-Lite to the IPv4 stack, provided as an extension to the existing UDPv4 code: * generic routines are all located in net/ipv4/udp.c * UDP-Lite specific routines are in net/ipv4/udplite.c * MIB/statistics support in /proc/net/snmp and /proc/net/udplite * shared API with extensions for partial checksum coverage [NET/IPv6]: Extension for UDP-Lite over IPv6 It extends the existing UDPv6 code base with support for UDP-Lite in the same manner as per UDPv4. In particular, * UDPv6 generic and shared code is in net/ipv6/udp.c * UDP-Litev6 specific extensions are in net/ipv6/udplite.c * MIB/statistics support in /proc/net/snmp6 and /proc/net/udplite6 * support for IPV6_ADDRFORM * aligned the coding style of protocol initialisation with af_inet6.c * made the error handling in udpv6_queue_rcv_skb consistent; to return `-1' on error on all error cases * consolidation of shared code [NET]: UDP-Lite Documentation and basic XFRM/Netfilter support The UDP-Lite patch further provides * API documentation for UDP-Lite * basic xfrm support * basic netfilter support for IPv4 and IPv6 (LOG target) Signed-off-by: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [XFRM]: BEET modeDiego Beltrami2006-10-041-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch introduces the BEET mode (Bound End-to-End Tunnel) with as specified by the ietf draft at the following link: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nikander-esp-beet-mode-06.txt The patch provides only single family support (i.e. inner family = outer family). Signed-off-by: Diego Beltrami <diego.beltrami@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Miika Komu <miika@iki.fi> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Abhinav Pathak <abhinav.pathak@hiit.fi> Signed-off-by: Jeff Ahrenholz <ahrenholz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NetLabel]: CIPSOv4 enginePaul Moore2006-09-221-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add support for the Commercial IP Security Option (CIPSO) to the IPv4 network stack. CIPSO has become a de-facto standard for trusted/labeled networking amongst existing Trusted Operating Systems such as Trusted Solaris, HP-UX CMW, etc. This implementation is designed to be used with the NetLabel subsystem to provide explicit packet labeling to LSM developers. The CIPSO/IPv4 packet labeling works by the LSM calling a NetLabel API function which attaches a CIPSO label (IPv4 option) to a given socket; this in turn attaches the CIPSO label to every packet leaving the socket without any extra processing on the outbound side. On the inbound side the individual packet's sk_buff is examined through a call to a NetLabel API function to determine if a CIPSO/IPv4 label is present and if so the security attributes of the CIPSO label are returned to the caller of the NetLabel API function. Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: Remove TCP CompoundDavid S. Miller2006-07-101-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | This reverts: f890f921040fef6a35e39d15b729af1fd1a35f29 The inclusion of TCP Compound needs to be reverted at this time because it is not 100% certain that this code conforms to the requirements of Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 paragraph (b). Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: TCP Probe congestion window tracingStephen Hemminger2006-06-171-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | This adds a new module for tracking TCP state variables non-intrusively using kprobes. It has a simple /proc interface that outputs one line for each packet received. A sample usage is to collect congestion window and ssthresh over time graphs. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: TCP Compound congestion controlAngelo P. Castellani2006-06-171-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | TCP Compound is a sender-side only change to TCP that uses a mixed Reno/Vegas approach to calculate the cwnd. For further details look here: ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/TR-2005-86.pdf Signed-off-by: Angelo P. Castellani <angelo.castellani@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: TCP Veno congestion controlBin Zhou2006-06-171-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TCP Veno module is a new congestion control module to improve TCP performance over wireless networks. The key innovation in TCP Veno is the enhancement of TCP Reno/Sack congestion control algorithm by using the estimated state of a connection based on TCP Vegas. This scheme significantly reduces "blind" reduction of TCP window regardless of the cause of packet loss. This work is based on the research paper "TCP Veno: TCP Enhancement for Transmission over Wireless Access Networks." C. P. Fu, S. C. Liew, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, Feb. 2003. Original paper and many latest research works on veno: http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ascpfu/veno/veno.html Signed-off-by: Bin Zhou <zhou0022@ntu.edu.sg> Cheng Peng Fu <ascpfu@ntu.edu.sg> Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: TCP Low Priority congestion controlWong Hoi Sing Edison2006-06-171-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TCP Low Priority is a distributed algorithm whose goal is to utilize only the excess network bandwidth as compared to the ``fair share`` of bandwidth as targeted by TCP. Available from: http://www.ece.rice.edu/~akuzma/Doc/akuzma/TCP-LP.pdf Original Author: Aleksandar Kuzmanovic <akuzma@northwestern.edu> See http://www-ece.rice.edu/networks/TCP-LP/ for their implementation. As of 2.6.13, Linux supports pluggable congestion control algorithms. Due to the limitation of the API, we take the following changes from the original TCP-LP implementation: o We use newReno in most core CA handling. Only add some checking within cong_avoid. o Error correcting in remote HZ, therefore remote HZ will be keeped on checking and updating. o Handling calculation of One-Way-Delay (OWD) within rtt_sample, sicne OWD have a similar meaning as RTT. Also correct the buggy formular. o Handle reaction for Early Congestion Indication (ECI) within pkts_acked, as mentioned within pseudo code. o OWD is handled in relative format, where local time stamp will in tcp_time_stamp format. Port from 2.4.19 to 2.6.16 as module by: Wong Hoi Sing Edison <hswong3i@gmail.com> Hung Hing Lun <hlhung3i@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Wong Hoi Sing Edison <hswong3i@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [IPSEC] xfrm: Abstract out encapsulation modesHerbert Xu2006-06-171-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch adds the structure xfrm_mode. It is meant to represent the operations carried out by transport/tunnel modes. By doing this we allow additional encapsulation modes to be added without clogging up the xfrm_input/xfrm_output paths. Candidate modes include 4-to-6 tunnel mode, 6-to-4 tunnel mode, and BEET modes. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET]: Introduce tunnel4/tunnel6Herbert Xu2006-03-281-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Basically this patch moves the generic tunnel protocol stuff out of xfrm4_tunnel/xfrm6_tunnel and moves it into the new files of tunnel4.c and tunnel6 respectively. The reason for this is that the problem that Hugo uncovered is only the tip of the iceberg. The real problem is that when we removed the dependency of ipip on xfrm4_tunnel we didn't really consider the module case at all. For instance, as it is it's possible to build both ipip and xfrm4_tunnel as modules and if the latter is loaded then ipip simply won't load. After considering the alternatives I've decided that the best way out of this is to restore the dependency of ipip on the non-xfrm-specific part of xfrm4_tunnel. This is acceptable IMHO because the intention of the removal was really to be able to use ipip without the xfrm subsystem. This is still preserved by this patch. So now both ipip/xfrm4_tunnel depend on the new tunnel4.c which handles the arbitration between the two. The order of processing is determined by a simple integer which ensures that ipip gets processed before xfrm4_tunnel. The situation for ICMP handling is a little bit more complicated since we may not have enough information to determine who it's for. It's not a big deal at the moment since the xfrm ICMP handlers are basically no-ops. In future we can deal with this when we look at ICMP caching in general. The user-visible change to this is the removal of the TUNNEL Kconfig prompts. This makes sense because it can only be used through IPCOMP as it stands. The addition of the new modules shouldn't introduce any problems since module dependency will cause them to be loaded. Oh and I also turned some unnecessary pskb's in IPv6 related to this patch to skb's. Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NETFILTER]: net/ipv[46]/netfilter.c cleanupsPatrick McHardy2006-01-101-2/+2
| | | | | | | | Don't wrap entire file in #ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER, remove a few unneccessary includes. Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP] BIC: CUBIC window growth (2.0)Stephen Hemminger2006-01-031-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Replace existing BIC version 1.1 with new version 2.0. The main change is to replace the window growth function with a cubic function as described in: http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/rhee/export/bitcp/cubic-paper.pdf Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET_DIAG]: Move the tcp_diag interface to the proper placeArnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With this the previous setup is back, i.e. tcp_diag can be built as a module, as dccp_diag and both share the infrastructure available in inet_diag. If one selects CONFIG_INET_DIAG as module CONFIG_INET_TCP_DIAG will also be built as a module, as will CONFIG_INET_DCCP_DIAG, if CONFIG_IP_DCCP was selected static or as a module, if CONFIG_INET_DIAG is y, being statically linked CONFIG_INET_TCP_DIAG will follow suit and CONFIG_INET_DCCP_DIAG will be built in the same manner as CONFIG_IP_DCCP. Now to aim at UDP, converting it to use inet_hashinfo, so that we can use iproute2 for UDP sockets as well. Ah, just to show an example of this new infrastructure working for DCCP :-) [root@qemu ~]# ./ss -dane State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 0 *:5001 *:* ino:942 sk:cfd503a0 ESTAB 0 0 127.0.0.1:5001 127.0.0.1:32770 ino:943 sk:cfd50a60 ESTAB 0 0 127.0.0.1:32770 127.0.0.1:5001 ino:947 sk:cfd50700 TIME-WAIT 0 0 127.0.0.1:32769 127.0.0.1:5001 timer:(timewait,3.430ms,0) ino:0 sk:cf209620 Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET_DIAG]: Rename tcp_diag.[ch] to inet_diag.[ch]Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | Next changeset will introduce net/ipv4/tcp_diag.c, moving the code that was put transitioanlly in inet_diag.c. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCPDIAG]: Just rename everything to inet_diagArnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | Next changeset will rename tcp_diag.[ch] to inet_diag.[ch]. I'm taking this longer route so as to easy review, making clear the changes made all along the way. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@mandriva.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NET]: Just move the inet_connection_sock function from tcp sourcesArnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Completing the previous changeset, this also generalises tcp_v4_synq_add, renaming it to inet_csk_reqsk_queue_hash_add, already geing used in the DCCP tree, which I plan to merge RSN. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET]: Generalise the TCP sock ID lookup routinesArnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | And also some TIME_WAIT functions. [acme@toy net-2.6.14]$ grep built-in /tmp/before.size /tmp/after.size /tmp/before.size: 282955 13122 9312 305389 4a8ed net/ipv4/built-in.o /tmp/after.size: 281566 13122 9312 304000 4a380 net/ipv4/built-in.o [acme@toy net-2.6.14]$ I kept them still inlined, will uninline at some point to see what would be the performance difference. Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [INET]: Move the TCP hashtable functions/structs to inet_hashtables.[ch]Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo2005-08-291-1/+1
| | | | | Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NETFILTER]: Move ipv4 specific code from net/core/netfilter.c to ↵Harald Welte2005-08-291-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | net/ipv4/netfilter.c Netfilter cleanup - Move ipv4 code from net/core/netfilter.c to net/ipv4/netfilter.c - Move ipv6 netfilter code from net/ipv6/ip6_output.c to net/ipv6/netfilter.c Signed-off-by: Harald Welte <laforge@netfilter.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [NET]: Move in_aton from net/ipv4/utils.c to net/core/utils.cMatt Mackall2005-07-271-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | Move in_aton to allow netpoll and pktgen to work without the rest of the IPv4 stack. Fix whitespace and add comment for the odd placement. Delete now-empty net/ipv4/utils.c Re-enable netpoll/netconsole without CONFIG_INET Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* [TCP]: Add Scalable TCP congestion control module.John Heffner2005-06-231-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | This patch implements Tom Kelly's Scalable TCP congestion control algorithm for the modular framework. The algorithm has some nice scaling properties, and has been used a fair bit in research, though is known to have significant fairness issues, so it's not really suitable for general purpose use. Signed-off-by: John Heffner <jheffner@psc.edu> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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