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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hskinnemoen/avr32-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hskinnemoen/avr32-2.6:
[AVR32] Initialize phy_mask for both macb devices
[AVR32] Fix atomic_add_unless() and atomic_sub_unless()
[AVR32] Correct misspelled CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD variable.
[AVR32] Fix build error in parse_tag_rdimg()
[AVR32] Don't wire up macb0 unless SW6 is in default position
[AVR32] Wire up SSC platform device 0 as TX on ATSTK1000 board
[AVR32] Add Atmel SSC driver platform device to AT32AP architecture
[AVR32] Remove optimization of unaligned word loads
[AVR32] Make STK1000 mux settings configurable
[AVR32] CPU frequency scaling for AT32AP
[AVR32] Split SM device into PM, RTC, WDT and EIC
[AVR32] faster avr32 unaligned access
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These functions depend on "result" being initalized to 0, but "result"
is not included as an input constraint to the inline assembly block
following its initialization, only as an output constraint. Thus gcc
thinks it doesn't need to initialize it, so result ends up undefined
if the "unless" condition is true.
This fixes an oops in sunrpc where the faulty atomics caused
rpciod_up() to not start the workqueue as it should.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
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This patch adds register definitions, clocks and IRQs to the platform devices.
Signed-off-by: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <hcegtvedt@atmel.com>
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
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If we let unaligned word loads bypass the generic unaligned handling,
gcc may combine it with a swap.b instruction and turn it into a ldwsp
instruction, which does not work with unaligned addresses.
Revert the optimization to prevent the RNDIS driver from crashing.
Hopefully we'll figure something out later (it may be better to do the
optimization in gcc.)
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
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Split the SM platform device into separate platform devices for PM,
RTC, WDT and EIC. This is more correct according to the documentation
and allows us to simplify the code a little.
Also turn the EIC driver into a real platform driver.
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Acked-by: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <hcegtvedt@atmel.com>
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Use a more conventional implementation for unaligned access, and include
an AT32AP-specific optimization: the CPU will handle unaligned words.
The result is always faster and smaller for 8, 16, and 32 bit values.
For 64 bit quantities, it's presumably larger.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
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ssh://master.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/v4l-dvb
* 'master' of ssh://master.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/v4l-dvb: (126 commits)
V4L/DVB (5847): Clean up schedule_timeout calls in cpia2 and ivtv code
V4L/DVB (5846): Clean up setting state and scheduling timeouts
V4L/DVB (5844): ivtv: add high volume debugging flag
V4L/DVB (5843): ivtv: fix missing signal_pending check.
V4L/DVB (5842): ivtv: Add locking to ensure stream setup is atomic.
V4L/DVB (5841): tveeprom: add support for Philips FQ1216LME MK3 tuner.
V4L/DVB (5840): fix dst and cx24123: tune() callback changed signess for delay
V4L/DVB (5838): dvb-core: Fix signedness warnings (gcc 4.1.1, kernel 2.6.22)
V4L/DVB (5837): stv0299: Fix signedness warning (gcc 4.1.1, kernel 2.6.22)
V4L/DVB (5836): dvb-ttpci: re-initialize aspect ratio and pan scan after arm crash
V4L/DVB (5835): saa7146/dvb-ttpci: Fix signedness warnings (gcc 4.1.1, kernel 2.6.22)
V4L/DVB (5834): dvb-core: fix signedness warnings and const stripping
V4L/DVB (5832): ir-common: optimize bit extract function
V4L/DVB (5831): stradis: use ARRAY_SIZE
V4L/DVB (5829): Firmware extract and loading for opera dvb-usb update
V4L/DVB (5828): Kconfig: Added GemTek USB radio and removed experimental dependency.
V4L/DVB (5826): Usbvision: video mux cleanup
V4L/DVB (5825): Alter the tuner type for the WinTV USB UK PAL model.
V4L/DVB (5824): Usbvision: Hauppauge WinTV USB SECAM_L fix
V4L/DVB (5821): Saa7134: add remote control support for LifeView FlyDVB-S LR300
...
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kernel 2.6.22)
Fix signedness warnings (gcc 4.1.1, kernel 2.6.22).
Signed-off-by: Oliver Endriss <o.endriss@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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Move internal structures and debug macros to drivers/media/video/tuner-driver.h
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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Move tuner callback function pointers out of struct tuner, into
struct tuner_operations.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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Individual tuner drivers are now allocating memory themselves for
their own private data structures. This changeset adds a release
callback to the tuner operations, so that newer drivers that may
require more complex data structures may release this private data
themselves.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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Create private data struct for device specific private data.
Signed-off-by: Michael Krufky <mkrufky@linuxtv.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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This driver were made based on tea5761 specs.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
ext4: extent macros cleanup
Fix compilation with EXT_DEBUG, also fix leXX_to_cpu conversions.
ext4: remove extra IS_RDONLY() check
ext4: Use is_power_of_2()
Use zero_user_page() in ext4 where possible
ext4: Remove 65000 subdirectory limit
ext4: Expand extra_inodes space per the s_{want,min}_extra_isize fields
ext4: Add nanosecond timestamps
jbd2: Move jbd2-debug file to debugfs
jbd2: Fix CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG ifdef to be CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
ext4: Set the journal JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT on large devices
ext4: Make extents code sanely handle on-disk corruption
ext4: copy i_flags to inode flags on write
ext4: Enable extents by default
Change on-disk format to support 2^15 uninitialized extents
write support for preallocated blocks
fallocate support in ext4
sys_fallocate() implementation on i386, x86_64 and powerpc
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This patch adds support to ext4 for allowing more than 65000
subdirectories. Currently the maximum number of subdirectories is capped
at 32000.
If we exceed 65000 subdirectories in an htree directory it sets the
inode link count to 1 and no longer counts subdirectories. The
directory link count is not actually used when determining if a
directory is empty, as that only counts subdirectories and not regular
files that might be in there.
A EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK flag has been added and it is set if
the subdir count for any directory crosses 65000. A later fsck will clear
EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK if there are no longer any directory
with >65000 subdirs.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalpak Shah <kalpak@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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We need to make sure that existing ext3 filesystems can also avail the
new fields that have been added to the ext4 inode. We use
s_want_extra_isize and s_min_extra_isize to decide by how much we should
expand the inode. If EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE feature is set
then we expand the inode by max(s_want_extra_isize, s_min_extra_isize ,
sizeof(ext4_inode) - EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) bytes. Actually it is
still an open question about whether users should be able to set
s_*_extra_isize smaller than the known fields or not.
This patch also adds the functionality to expand inodes to include the
newly added fields. We start by trying to expand by s_want_extra_isize
bytes and if its fails we try to expand by s_min_extra_isize bytes. This
is done by changing the i_extra_isize if enough space is available in
the inode and no EAs are present. If EAs are present and there is enough
space in the inode then the EAs in the inode are shifted to make space.
If enough space is not available in the inode due to the EAs then 1 or
more EAs are shifted to the external EA block. In the worst case when
even the external EA block does not have enough space we inform the user
that some EA would need to be deleted or s_min_extra_isize would have to
be reduced.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalpak Shah <kalpak@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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This patch adds nanosecond timestamps for ext4. This involves adding
*time_extra fields to the ext4_inode to extend the timestamps to
64-bits. Creation time is also added by this patch.
These extended fields will fit into an inode if the filesystem was
formatted with large inodes (-I 256 or larger) and there are currently
no EAs consuming all of the available space. For new inodes we always
reserve enough space for the kernel's known extended fields, but for
inodes created with an old kernel this might not have been the case. So
this patch also adds the EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE feature
flag(ro-compat so that older kernels can't create inodes with a smaller
extra_isize). which indicates if the fields fitting inside
s_min_extra_isize are available or not. If the expansion of inodes if
unsuccessful then this feature will be disabled. This feature is only
enabled if requested by the sysadmin.
None of the extended inode fields is critical for correct filesystem
operation.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Dilger <adilger@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalpak Shah <kalpak@clusterfs.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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The jbd2-debug file used to be located in /proc/sys/fs/jbd2-debug, but it
incorrectly used create_proc_entry() instead of the sysctl routines, and
no proc entry was ever created.
Instead of fixing this we might as well move the jbd2-debug file to
debugfs which would be the preferred location for this kind of tunable.
The new location is now /sys/kernel/debug/jbd2/jbd2-debug.
Signed-off-by: Jose R. Santos <jrs@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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When the JBD code was forked to create the new JBD2 code base, the
references to CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG where never changed to
CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG. This patch fixes that.
Signed-off-by: Jose R. Santos <jrs@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Propagate flags such as S_APPEND, S_IMMUTABLE, etc. from i_flags into
ext4-specific i_flags. Quota code changes these flags on quota files
(to make it harder for sysadmin to screw himself) and these changes were
not correctly propagated into the filesystem.
(This is a forward port patch from ext3)
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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This change was suggested by Andreas Dilger.
This patch changes the EXT_MAX_LEN value and extent code which marks/checks
uninitialized extents. With this change it will be possible to have
initialized extents with 2^15 blocks (earlier the max blocks we could have
was 2^15 - 1). This way we can have better extent-to-block alignment.
Now, maximum number of blocks we can have in an initialized extent is 2^15
and in an uninitialized extent is 2^15 - 1.
Signed-off-by: Amit Arora <aarora@in.ibm.com>
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This patch adds write support to the uninitialized extents that get
created when a preallocation is done using fallocate(). It takes care of
splitting the extents into multiple (upto three) extents and merging the
new split extents with neighbouring ones, if possible.
Signed-off-by: Amit Arora <aarora@in.ibm.com>
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This patch implements ->fallocate() inode operation in ext4. With this
patch users of ext4 file systems will be able to use fallocate() system
call for persistent preallocation. Current implementation only supports
preallocation for regular files (directories not supported as of date)
with extent maps. This patch does not support block-mapped files currently.
Only FALLOC_ALLOCATE and FALLOC_RESV_SPACE modes are being supported as of
now.
Signed-off-by: Amit Arora <aarora@in.ibm.com>
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fallocate() is a new system call being proposed here which will allow
applications to preallocate space to any file(s) in a file system.
Each file system implementation that wants to use this feature will need
to support an inode operation called ->fallocate().
Applications can use this feature to avoid fragmentation to certain
level and thus get faster access speed. With preallocation, applications
also get a guarantee of space for particular file(s) - even if later the
the system becomes full.
Currently, glibc provides an interface called posix_fallocate() which
can be used for similar cause. Though this has the advantage of working
on all file systems, but it is quite slow (since it writes zeroes to
each block that has to be preallocated). Without a doubt, file systems
can do this more efficiently within the kernel, by implementing
the proposed fallocate() system call. It is expected that
posix_fallocate() will be modified to call this new system call first
and incase the kernel/filesystem does not implement it, it should fall
back to the current implementation of writing zeroes to the new blocks.
ToDos:
1. Implementation on other architectures (other than i386, x86_64,
and ppc). Patches for s390(x) and ia64 are already available from
previous posts, but it was decided that they should be added later
once fallocate is in the mainline. Hence not including those patches
in this take.
2. Changes to glibc,
a) to support fallocate() system call
b) to make posix_fallocate() and posix_fallocate64() call fallocate()
Signed-off-by: Amit Arora <aarora@in.ibm.com>
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* 'upstream' of git://git.infradead.org/~dedekind/ubi-2.6: (28 commits)
UBI: fix compile warning
UBI: fix error handling in erase worker
UBI: fix comments
UBI: remove unneeded error checks
UBI: cleanup usage of try_module_get
UBI: fix overflow bug
UBI: bugfix in max_sqnum calculation
UBI: bugfix in sqnum calculation
UBI: fix signed-unsigned multiplication
UBI: fix bug in atomic_leb_change()
UBI: fix message
UBI: fix debugging stuff
UBI: bugfix in error path
UBI: use is_power_of_2()
UBI: fix freeing ubi->vtbl while unloading
UBI: fix MAINTAINERS
UBI: bugfix in ubi_leb_change()
UBI: kill homegrown endian macros
UBI: cleanup ioctl handling
UBI: error path bugfix
...
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Kill UBI's homegrown endianess handling and replace it with
the standard kernel endianess handling.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com>
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master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6
* 'master' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6: (24 commits)
[NETFILTER]: xt_connlimit needs to depend on nf_conntrack
[NETFILTER]: ipt_iprange.h must #include <linux/types.h>
[IrDA]: Fix IrDA build failure
[ATM]: nicstar needs virt_to_bus
[NET]: move __dev_addr_discard adjacent to dev_addr_discard for readability
[NET]: merge dev_unicast_discard and dev_mc_discard into one
[NET]: move dev_mc_discard from dev_mcast.c to dev.c
[NETLINK]: negative groups in netlink_setsockopt
[PPPOL2TP]: Reset meta-data in xmit function
[PPPOL2TP]: Fix use-after-free
[PKT_SCHED]: Some typo fixes in net/sched/Kconfig
[XFRM]: Fix crash introduced by struct dst_entry reordering
[TCP]: remove unused argument to cong_avoid op
[ATM]: [idt77252] Rename CONFIG_ATM_IDT77252_SEND_IDLE to not resemble a Kconfig variable
[ATM]: [drivers] ioremap balanced with iounmap
[ATM]: [lanai] sram_test_word() must be __devinit
[ATM]: [nicstar] Replace C code with call to ARRAY_SIZE() macro.
[ATM]: Eliminate dead config variable CONFIG_BR2684_FAST_TRANS.
[ATM]: Replacing kmalloc/memset combination with kzalloc.
[NET]: gen_estimator deadlock fix
...
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ipt_iprange.h must #include <linux/types.h> since it uses __be32.
This patch fixes kernel Bugzilla #7604.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Because this function is only called by unregister_netdevice,
this moving could make this non-global function static,
and also remove its declaration in netdevice.h;
Any further, function __dev_addr_discard is also just called by
dev_mc_discard and dev_unicast_discard, keeping this two functions
both in one c file could make __dev_addr_discard also static
and remove its declaration in netdevice.h;
Futhermore, the sequential call to dev_unicast_discard and then
dev_mc_discard in unregister_netdevice have a similar mechanism that:
(netif_tx_lock_bh / __dev_addr_discard / netif_tx_unlock_bh),
they should merged into one to eliminate duplicates in acquiring and
releasing the dev->_xmit_lock, this would be done in my following patch.
Signed-off-by: Denis Cheng <crquan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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XFRM expects xfrm_dst->u.next to be same pointer as dst->next, which
was broken by the dst_entry reordering in commit 1e19e02c~, causing
an oops in xfrm_bundle_ok when walking the bundle upwards.
Kill xfrm_dst->u.next and change the only user to use dst->next instead.
Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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None of the existing TCP congestion controls use the rtt value pased
in the ca_ops->cong_avoid interface. Which is lucky because seq_rtt
could have been -1 when handling a duplicate ack.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6
* 'master' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6:
[SPARC64]: Set vio->desc_buf to NULL after freeing.
[SPARC]: Mark sparc and sparc64 as not having virt_to_bus
[SPARC64]: Fix reset handling in VNET driver.
[SPARC64]: Handle reset events in vio_link_state_change().
[SPARC64]: Handle LDC resets properly in domain-services driver.
[SPARC64]: Massively simplify VIO device layer and support hot add/remove.
[SPARC64]: Simplify VNET probing.
[SPARC64]: Simplify VDC device probing.
[SPARC64]: Add basic infrastructure for MD add/remove notification.
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Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Create and destroy VIO devices in response to MD update events. These
run synchronously inside of the MD update mutex so the VIO layer
doesn't need to do internal locking of any sort.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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And add dummy handlers for the VIO device layer. These will be filled
in with real code after the vdc, vnet, and ds drivers are reworked to
have simpler dependencies on the VIO device tree.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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An experimental patch for Xen allows guests to place their vcpu_info
structs anywhere. We try to use this to place the vcpu_info into the
PDA, which allows direct access.
If this works, then switch to using direct access operations for
irq_enable, disable, save_fl and restore_fl.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>
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The block device frontend driver allows the kernel to access block
devices exported exported by a virtual machine containing a physical
block device driver.
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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This communicates with the machine control software via a registry
residing in a controlling virtual machine. This allows dynamic
creation, destruction and modification of virtual device
configurations (network devices, block devices and CPUS, to name some
examples).
[ Greg, would you mind giving this a review? Thanks -J ]
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
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Add Xen 'grant table' driver which allows granting of access to
selected local memory pages by other virtual machines and,
symmetrically, the mapping of remote memory pages which other virtual
machines have granted access to.
This driver is a prerequisite for many of the Xen virtual device
drivers, which grant the 'device driver domain' restricted and
temporary access to only those memory pages that are currently
involved in I/O operations.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
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Implement a Xen back-end for hvc console.
* * *
Add early printk support via hvc console, enable using
"earlyprintk=xen" on the kernel command line.
From: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
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This is a fairly straightforward Xen implementation of smp_ops.
Xen has its own IPI mechanisms, and has no dependency on any
APIC-based IPI. The smp_ops hooks and the flush_tlb_others pv_op
allow a Xen guest to avoid all APIC code in arch/i386 (the only apic
operation is a single apic_read for the apic version number).
One subtle point which needs to be addressed is unpinning pagetables
when another cpu may have a lazy tlb reference to the pagetable. Xen
will not allow an in-use pagetable to be unpinned, so we must find any
other cpus with a reference to the pagetable and get them to shoot
down their references.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
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Add a new definition for PG_owner_priv_1 to define PG_pinned on Xen
pagetable pages.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
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Xen implements interrupts in terms of event channels. Each guest
domain gets 1024 event channels which can be used for a variety of
purposes, such as Xen timer events, inter-domain events,
inter-processor events (IPI) or for real hardware IRQs.
Within the kernel, we map the event channels to IRQs, and implement
the whole interrupt handling using a Xen irq_chip.
Rather than setting NR_IRQ to 1024 under PARAVIRT in order to
accomodate Xen, we create a dynamic mapping between event channels and
IRQs. Ideally, Linux will eventually move towards dynamically
allocating per-irq structures, and we can use a 1:1 mapping between
event channels and irqs.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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This patch is a rollup of all the core pieces of the Xen
implementation, including:
- booting and setup
- pagetable setup
- privileged instructions
- segmentation
- interrupt flags
- upcalls
- multicall batching
BOOTING AND SETUP
The vmlinux image is decorated with ELF notes which tell the Xen
domain builder what the kernel's requirements are; the domain builder
then constructs the address space accordingly and starts the kernel.
Xen has its own entrypoint for the kernel (contained in an ELF note).
The ELF notes are set up by xen-head.S, which is included into head.S.
In principle it could be linked separately, but it seems to provoke
lots of binutils bugs.
Because the domain builder starts the kernel in a fairly sane state
(32-bit protected mode, paging enabled, flat segments set up), there's
not a lot of setup needed before starting the kernel proper. The main
steps are:
1. Install the Xen paravirt_ops, which is simply a matter of a
structure assignment.
2. Set init_mm to use the Xen-supplied pagetables (analogous to the
head.S generated pagetables in a native boot).
3. Reserve address space for Xen, since it takes a chunk at the top
of the address space for its own use.
4. Call start_kernel()
PAGETABLE SETUP
Once we hit the main kernel boot sequence, it will end up calling back
via paravirt_ops to set up various pieces of Xen specific state. One
of the critical things which requires a bit of extra care is the
construction of the initial init_mm pagetable. Because Xen places
tight constraints on pagetables (an active pagetable must always be
valid, and must always be mapped read-only to the guest domain), we
need to be careful when constructing the new pagetable to keep these
constraints in mind. It turns out that the easiest way to do this is
use the initial Xen-provided pagetable as a template, and then just
insert new mappings for memory where a mapping doesn't already exist.
This means that during pagetable setup, it uses a special version of
xen_set_pte which ignores any attempt to remap a read-only page as
read-write (since Xen will map its own initial pagetable as RO), but
lets other changes to the ptes happen, so that things like NX are set
properly.
PRIVILEGED INSTRUCTIONS AND SEGMENTATION
When the kernel runs under Xen, it runs in ring 1 rather than ring 0.
This means that it is more privileged than user-mode in ring 3, but it
still can't run privileged instructions directly. Non-performance
critical instructions are dealt with by taking a privilege exception
and trapping into the hypervisor and emulating the instruction, but
more performance-critical instructions have their own specific
paravirt_ops. In many cases we can avoid having to do any hypercalls
for these instructions, or the Xen implementation is quite different
from the normal native version.
The privileged instructions fall into the broad classes of:
Segmentation: setting up the GDT and the GDT entries, LDT,
TLS and so on. Xen doesn't allow the GDT to be directly
modified; all GDT updates are done via hypercalls where the new
entries can be validated. This is important because Xen uses
segment limits to prevent the guest kernel from damaging the
hypervisor itself.
Traps and exceptions: Xen uses a special format for trap entrypoints,
so when the kernel wants to set an IDT entry, it needs to be
converted to the form Xen expects. Xen sets int 0x80 up specially
so that the trap goes straight from userspace into the guest kernel
without going via the hypervisor. sysenter isn't supported.
Kernel stack: The esp0 entry is extracted from the tss and provided to
Xen.
TLB operations: the various TLB calls are mapped into corresponding
Xen hypercalls.
Control registers: all the control registers are privileged. The most
important is cr3, which points to the base of the current pagetable,
and we handle it specially.
Another instruction we treat specially is CPUID, even though its not
privileged. We want to control what CPU features are visible to the
rest of the kernel, and so CPUID ends up going into a paravirt_op.
Xen implements this mainly to disable the ACPI and APIC subsystems.
INTERRUPT FLAGS
Xen maintains its own separate flag for masking events, which is
contained within the per-cpu vcpu_info structure. Because the guest
kernel runs in ring 1 and not 0, the IF flag in EFLAGS is completely
ignored (and must be, because even if a guest domain disables
interrupts for itself, it can't disable them overall).
(A note on terminology: "events" and interrupts are effectively
synonymous. However, rather than using an "enable flag", Xen uses a
"mask flag", which blocks event delivery when it is non-zero.)
There are paravirt_ops for each of cli/sti/save_fl/restore_fl, which
are implemented to manage the Xen event mask state. The only thing
worth noting is that when events are unmasked, we need to explicitly
see if there's a pending event and call into the hypervisor to make
sure it gets delivered.
UPCALLS
Xen needs a couple of upcall (or callback) functions to be implemented
by each guest. One is the event upcalls, which is how events
(interrupts, effectively) are delivered to the guests. The other is
the failsafe callback, which is used to report errors in either
reloading a segment register, or caused by iret. These are
implemented in i386/kernel/entry.S so they can jump into the normal
iret_exc path when necessary.
MULTICALL BATCHING
Xen provides a multicall mechanism, which allows multiple hypercalls
to be issued at once in order to mitigate the cost of trapping into
the hypervisor. This is particularly useful for context switches,
since the 4-5 hypercalls they would normally need (reload cr3, update
TLS, maybe update LDT) can be reduced to one. This patch implements a
generic batching mechanism for hypercalls, which gets used in many
places in the Xen code.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Cc: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
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Add Xen interface header files. These are taken fairly directly from
the Xen tree, but somewhat rearranged to suit the kernel's conventions.
Define macros and inline functions for doing hypercalls into the
hypervisor.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
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The tsc-based get_scheduled_cycles interface is not a good match for
Xen's runstate accounting, which reports everything in nanoseconds.
This patch replaces this interface with a sched_clock interface, which
matches both Xen and VMI's requirements.
In order to do this, we:
1. replace get_scheduled_cycles with sched_clock
2. hoist cycles_2_ns into a common header
3. update vmi accordingly
One thing to note: because sched_clock is implemented as a weak
function in kernel/sched.c, we must define a real function in order to
override this weak binding. This means the usual paravirt_ops
technique of using an inline function won't work in this case.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Dan Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
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In a virtual environment, device drivers such as legacy IDE will waste
quite a lot of time probing for their devices which will never appear.
This helper function allows a paravirt implementation to lay claim to
the whole iomem and ioport space, thereby disabling all device drivers
trying to claim IO resources.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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Allocate/release a chunk of vmalloc address space:
alloc_vm_area reserves a chunk of address space, and makes sure all
the pagetables are constructed for that address range - but no pages.
free_vm_area releases the address space range.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: "Jan Beulich" <JBeulich@novell.com>
Cc: "Andi Kleen" <ak@muc.de>
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Paravirt implementations need to set the sibling map on new cpus.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
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Paravirt implementations need to store cpu info when bringing up cpus.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
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