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* dma-mapping: pci: move pci_set_dma_mask and pci_set_consistent_dma_mask to ↵FUJITA Tomonori2010-03-121-3/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pci-dma-compat.h We can use pci-dma-compat.h to implement pci_set_dma_mask and pci_set_consistent_dma_mask as we do with the other PCI DMA API. We can remove HAVE_ARCH_PCI_SET_DMA_MASK too. Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* gpio: introduce gpio_request_one() and friendsEric Miao2010-03-061-0/+26
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | gpio_request() without initial configuration of the GPIO is normally useless, introduce gpio_request_one() together with GPIOF_ flags for input/output direction and initial output level. gpio_{request,free}_array() for multiple GPIOs. Signed-off-by: Eric Miao <eric.y.miao@gmail.com> Cc: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: Ben Nizette <bn@niasdigital.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* local_t: Remove cpu_local_xx macrosChristoph Lameter2010-01-051-19/+0
| | | | | | | These macros have not been used for awhile now. Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* Merge branch 'master' into percpuTejun Heo2010-01-0511-30/+75
|\ | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/hvCall.S include/linux/percpu.h
| * fix up O_SYNC commentsChristoph Hellwig2009-12-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Proper Posix O_SYNC handling only made it into 2.6.33, not 2.6.32. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
| * Merge branch 'hwpoison' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-12-161-0/+1
| |\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6 * 'hwpoison' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6: (34 commits) HWPOISON: Remove stray phrase in a comment HWPOISON: Try to allocate migration page on the same node HWPOISON: Don't do early filtering if filter is disabled HWPOISON: Add a madvise() injector for soft page offlining HWPOISON: Add soft page offline support HWPOISON: Undefine short-hand macros after use to avoid namespace conflict HWPOISON: Use new shake_page in memory_failure HWPOISON: Use correct name for MADV_HWPOISON in documentation HWPOISON: mention HWPoison in Kconfig entry HWPOISON: Use get_user_page_fast in hwpoison madvise HWPOISON: add an interface to switch off/on all the page filters HWPOISON: add memory cgroup filter memcg: add accessor to mem_cgroup.css memcg: rename and export try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page() HWPOISON: add page flags filter mm: export stable page flags HWPOISON: limit hwpoison injector to known page types HWPOISON: add fs/device filters HWPOISON: return 0 to indicate success reliably HWPOISON: make semantics of IGNORED/DELAYED clear ...
| | * HWPOISON: Add a madvise() injector for soft page offliningAndi Kleen2009-12-161-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Process based injection is much easier to handle for test programs, who can first bring a page into a specific state and then test. So add a new MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE to soft offline a page, similar to the existing hard offline injector. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
| * | Merge branch 'module' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-12-161-2/+6
| |\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus * 'module' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux-2.6-for-linus: modpost: fix segfault with short symbol names module: handle ppc64 relocating kcrctabs when CONFIG_RELOCATABLE=y Kbuild: clear marker out of modpost module: make MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX into a CONFIG option ARM: unexport symbols used to implement floating point emulation ARM: use unified discard definition in linker script x86: don't export inline function sparc64: don't export static inline pci_ functions
| | * | module: make MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX into a CONFIG optionAlan Jenkins2009-12-151-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The next commit will require the use of MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX in .tmp_exports-asm.S. Currently it is mixed in with C structure definitions in "asm/module.h". Move the definition of this arch option into Kconfig, so it can be easily accessed by any code. This also lets modpost.c use the same definition. Previously modpost relied on a hardcoded list of architectures in mk_elfconfig.c. A build test for blackfin, one of the two MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX archs, showed the generated code was unchanged. vmlinux was identical save for build ids, and an apparently randomized suffix on a single "__key" symbol in the kallsyms data). Signed-off-by: Alan Jenkins <alan-jenkins@tuffmail.co.uk> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> (blackfin) CC: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
| * | | gpiolib: add support for changing value polarity in sysfsJani Nikula2009-12-161-0/+6
| | |/ | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Drivers may use gpiolib sysfs as part of their public user space interface. The GPIO number and polarity might change from board to board. The gpio_export_link() call can be used to hide the GPIO number from user space. Add support for also hiding the GPIO line polarity changes from user space. Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <ext-jani.1.nikula@nokia.com> Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| * | Merge branch 'core-locking-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-12-151-5/+5
| |\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-locking-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (26 commits) clockevents: Convert to raw_spinlock clockevents: Make tick_device_lock static debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks perf_event: Convert to raw_spinlock hrtimers: Convert to raw_spinlocks genirq: Convert irq_desc.lock to raw_spinlock smp: Convert smplocks to raw_spinlocks rtmutes: Convert rtmutex.lock to raw_spinlock sched: Convert pi_lock to raw_spinlock sched: Convert cpupri lock to raw_spinlock sched: Convert rt_runtime_lock to raw_spinlock sched: Convert rq->lock to raw_spinlock plist: Make plist debugging raw_spinlock aware bkl: Fixup core_lock fallout locking: Cleanup the name space completely locking: Further name space cleanups alpha: Fix fallout from locking changes locking: Implement new raw_spinlock locking: Convert raw_rwlock functions to arch_rwlock locking: Convert raw_rwlock to arch_rwlock ...
| | * | locking: Convert __raw_spin* functions to arch_spin*Thomas Gleixner2009-12-141-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Name space cleanup. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
| | * | locking: Convert raw_spinlock to arch_spinlockThomas Gleixner2009-12-141-3/+3
| | |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The raw_spin* namespace was taken by lockdep for the architecture specific implementations. raw_spin_* would be the ideal name space for the spinlocks which are not converted to sleeping locks in preempt-rt. Linus suggested to convert the raw_ to arch_ locks and cleanup the name space instead of using an artifical name like core_spin, atomic_spin or whatever No functional change. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
| * | WARN_ONCE(): use bool for boolean flagCesar Eduardo Barros2009-12-151-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 70867453092297be9afb2249e712a1f960ec0a09 ("printk_once(): use bool for boolean flag") changed printk_once() to use bool instead of int for its guard variable. Do the same change to WARN_ONCE() and WARN_ON_ONCE(), for the same reasons. This resulted in a reduction of 1462 bytes on a x86-64 defconfig: text data bss dec hex filename 8101271 1207116 992764 10301151 9d2edf vmlinux.before 8100553 1207148 991988 10299689 9d2929 vmlinux.after Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net> Cc: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com> Cc: Daniel Walker <dwalker@fifo99.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| * | nommu: fix malloc performance by adding uninitialized flagJie Zhang2009-12-151-0/+5
| |/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The NOMMU code currently clears all anonymous mmapped memory. While this is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace under NOMMU has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant performance penalty. So for constrained embedded systems were security is irrelevant, allow people to avoid clearing memory unnecessarily. This also alters the ELF-FDPIC binfmt such that it obtains uninitialised memory for the brk and stack region. Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> Signed-off-by: Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org> Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| * Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-12-141-0/+5
| |\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (34 commits) m68k: rename global variable vmalloc_end to m68k_vmalloc_end percpu: add missing per_cpu_ptr_to_phys() definition for UP percpu: Fix kdump failure if booted with percpu_alloc=page percpu: make misc percpu symbols unique percpu: make percpu symbols in ia64 unique percpu: make percpu symbols in powerpc unique percpu: make percpu symbols in x86 unique percpu: make percpu symbols in xen unique percpu: make percpu symbols in cpufreq unique percpu: make percpu symbols in oprofile unique percpu: make percpu symbols in tracer unique percpu: make percpu symbols under kernel/ and mm/ unique percpu: remove some sparse warnings percpu: make alloc_percpu() handle array types vmalloc: fix use of non-existent percpu variable in put_cpu_var() this_cpu: Use this_cpu_xx in trace_functions_graph.c this_cpu: Use this_cpu_xx for ftrace this_cpu: Use this_cpu_xx in nmi handling this_cpu: Use this_cpu operations in RCU this_cpu: Use this_cpu ops for VM statistics ... Fix up trivial (famous last words) global per-cpu naming conflicts in arch/x86/kvm/svm.c mm/slab.c
| * \ Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-genericLinus Torvalds2009-12-112-3/+10
| |\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic: asm-generic: add sys_recvmmsg to unistd.h asm-generic: add sys_accept4 to unistd.h asm-generic/gpio.h: add some forward decls of the device struct asm-generic: Fix typo in asm-generic/unistd.h. lib/checksum: fix one more thinko lib/checksum.c: make do_csum optional lib/checksum.c: use 32-bit arithmetic consistently
| | * | asm-generic: add sys_recvmmsg to unistd.hArnd Bergmann2009-12-101-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sys_recvmmsg was recently merged, add it to asm-generic as well so new architectures can use it. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
| | * | asm-generic: add sys_accept4 to unistd.hArnd Bergmann2009-12-101-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Code review has shown that the generic version of unistd.h is missing a reference to the accept4 system call. This was not noticed before because most architectures handle this through sys_socketcall. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
| | * | asm-generic/gpio.h: add some forward decls of the device structMike Frysinger2009-12-101-0/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | After the recent commit a4177ee7f, attempting to include asm-generic/gpio.h in otherwise "slim" code results in ugly warnings like so: CC arch/blackfin/kernel/bfin_gpio.o In file included from arch/blackfin/include/asm/gpio.h:278, from arch/blackfin/kernel/bfin_gpio.c:15: include/asm-generic/gpio.h:193: warning: ‘struct device’ declared inside parameter list its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want So add simple C forward decls of the struct device to avoid these. Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
| | * | asm-generic: Fix typo in asm-generic/unistd.h.Chen Liqin2009-11-031-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | >>From 9741f7928ef35416e49f329a64e623a109de5c2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com> Date: Mon, 26 Oct 2009 10:50:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] asm-generic: Fix typo in asm-generic/unistd.h. Fixed __NR_ftruncate and __NR_ftruncate64 define in asm-generic/unistd.h. Signed-off-by: Chen Liqin <liqin.chen@sunplusct.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
| * | | vfs: Implement proper O_SYNC semanticsChristoph Hellwig2009-12-101-4/+21
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | While Linux provided an O_SYNC flag basically since day 1, it took until Linux 2.4.0-test12pre2 to actually get it implemented for filesystems, since that day we had generic_osync_around with only minor changes and the great "For now, when the user asks for O_SYNC, we'll actually give O_DSYNC" comment. This patch intends to actually give us real O_SYNC semantics in addition to the O_DSYNC semantics. After Jan's O_SYNC patches which are required before this patch it's actually surprisingly simple, we just need to figure out when to set the datasync flag to vfs_fsync_range and when not. This patch renames the existing O_SYNC flag to O_DSYNC while keeping it's numerical value to keep binary compatibility, and adds a new real O_SYNC flag. To guarantee backwards compatiblity it is defined as expanding to both the O_DSYNC and the new additional binary flag (__O_SYNC) to make sure we are backwards-compatible when compiled against the new headers. This also means that all places that don't care about the differences can just check O_DSYNC and get the right behaviour for O_SYNC, too - only places that actuall care need to check __O_SYNC in addition. Drivers and network filesystems have been updated in a fail safe way to always do the full sync magic if O_DSYNC is set. The few places setting O_SYNC for lower layers are kept that way for now to stay failsafe. We enforce that O_DSYNC is set when __O_SYNC is set early in the open path to make sure we always get these sane options. Note that parisc really screwed up their headers as they already define a O_DSYNC that has always been a no-op. We try to repair it by using it for the new O_DSYNC and redefinining O_SYNC to send both the traditional O_SYNC numerical value _and_ the O_DSYNC one. Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@sun.com> Acked-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
| * | | Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-12-092-2/+2
| |\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (42 commits) tree-wide: fix misspelling of "definition" in comments reiserfs: fix misspelling of "journaled" doc: Fix a typo in slub.txt. inotify: remove superfluous return code check hdlc: spelling fix in find_pvc() comment doc: fix regulator docs cut-and-pasteism mtd: Fix comment in Kconfig doc: Fix IRQ chip docs tree-wide: fix assorted typos all over the place drivers/ata/libata-sff.c: comment spelling fixes fix typos/grammos in Documentation/edac.txt sysctl: add missing comments fs/debugfs/inode.c: fix comment typos sgivwfb: Make use of ARRAY_SIZE. sky2: fix sky2_link_down copy/paste comment error tree-wide: fix typos "couter" -> "counter" tree-wide: fix typos "offest" -> "offset" fix kerneldoc for set_irq_msi() spidev: fix double "of of" in comment comment typo fix: sybsystem -> subsystem ...
| | * \ \ Merge branch 'for-next' into for-linusJiri Kosina2009-12-072-2/+2
| | |\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conflicts: kernel/irq/chip.c
| | | * | | tree-wide: fix assorted typos all over the placeAndré Goddard Rosa2009-12-042-2/+2
| | | |/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | That is "success", "unknown", "through", "performance", "[re|un]mapping" , "access", "default", "reasonable", "[con]currently", "temperature" , "channel", "[un]used", "application", "example","hierarchy", "therefore" , "[over|under]flow", "contiguous", "threshold", "enough" and others. Signed-off-by: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
| * | | | Merge branch 'for-2.6.33' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds2009-12-081-0/+1
| |\ \ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | * 'for-2.6.33' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (113 commits) cfq-iosched: Do not access cfqq after freeing it block: include linux/err.h to use ERR_PTR cfq-iosched: use call_rcu() instead of doing grace period stall on queue exit blkio: Allow CFQ group IO scheduling even when CFQ is a module blkio: Implement dynamic io controlling policy registration blkio: Export some symbols from blkio as its user CFQ can be a module block: Fix io_context leak after failure of clone with CLONE_IO block: Fix io_context leak after clone with CLONE_IO cfq-iosched: make nonrot check logic consistent io controller: quick fix for blk-cgroup and modular CFQ cfq-iosched: move IO controller declerations to a header file cfq-iosched: fix compile problem with !CONFIG_CGROUP blkio: Documentation blkio: Wait on sync-noidle queue even if rq_noidle = 1 blkio: Implement group_isolation tunable blkio: Determine async workload length based on total number of queues blkio: Wait for cfq queue to get backlogged if group is empty blkio: Propagate cgroup weight updation to cfq groups blkio: Drop the reference to queue once the task changes cgroup blkio: Provide some isolation between groups ...
| | * \ \ \ Merge branch 'master' into for-2.6.33Jens Axboe2009-12-031-9/+12
| | |\ \ \ \ | | | |/ / /
| | * | | | block: add helpers to run flush_dcache_page() against a bio and a request's ↵Ilya Loginov2009-11-261-0/+1
| | | |/ / | | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pages Mtdblock driver doesn't call flush_dcache_page for pages in request. So, this causes problems on architectures where the icache doesn't fill from the dcache or with dcache aliases. The patch fixes this. The ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE symbol was introduced to avoid pointless empty cache-thrashing loops on architectures for which flush_dcache_page() is a no-op. Every architecture was provided with this flush pages on architectires where ARCH_IMPLEMENTS_FLUSH_DCACHE_PAGE is equal 1 or do nothing otherwise. See "fix mtd_blkdevs problem with caches on some architectures" discussion on LKML for more information. Signed-off-by: Ilya Loginov <isloginov@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Peter Horton <phorton@bitbox.co.uk> Cc: "Ed L. Cashin" <ecashin@coraid.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
| * | | | Merge branch 'master' of ↵David S. Miller2009-11-182-10/+13
| |\ \ \ \ | | | |/ / | | |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6 Conflicts: drivers/net/sfc/sfe4001.c drivers/net/wireless/libertas/cmd.c drivers/staging/Kconfig drivers/staging/Makefile drivers/staging/rtl8187se/Kconfig drivers/staging/rtl8192e/Kconfig
| | * | | fcntl: rename F_OWNER_GID to F_OWNER_PGRPPeter Zijlstra2009-11-171-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is for consistency with various ioctl() operations that include the suffix "PGRP" in their names, and also for consistency with PRIO_PGRP, used with setpriority() and getpriority(). Also, using PGRP instead of GID avoids confusion with the common abbreviation of "group ID". I'm fine with anything that makes it more consistent, and if PGRP is what is the predominant abbreviation then I see no need to further confuse matters by adding a third one. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| | * | | alpha: fix F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETLK64 conflictPeter Zijlstra2009-11-121-8/+11
| | |/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix a bug in commit ba0a6c9f6fceed11c6a99e8326f0477fe383e6b5 Author: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> AuthorDate: Wed Sep 23 15:57:03 2009 -0700 Commit: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> CommitDate: Thu Sep 24 07:21:01 2009 -0700 fcntl: add F_[SG]ETOWN_EX In asm-generic/fcntl.h, F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETLK64 both have value 12, and F_GETOWN_EX and F_SETLK64 both have value 13. Reported-by: "Joseph S. Myers" <joseph@codesourcery.com> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| | * | IRQ: Change __softirq_pending to unsigned int in asm-generic/hardirq.h.Ralf Baechle2009-10-091-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Since the beginnings in aafe4dbed0bf6cbdb2e9f03e1d42f8a540d8541d ("asm-generic: add generic versions of common headers") the generic version of <asm/hardirq.h> defined __softirq_pending as unsigned long. Which is different from other architectures for no apparent good reason and was causing the following warning: kernel/time/tick-sched.c: In function 'tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick': kernel/time/tick-sched.c:261: warning: format '%02x' expects type 'unsigned int', but argument 2 has type 'long unsigned int' Reported and initial patch by Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>. Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> [ Arnd points out that we really should make sure parisc and alpha are ok with this, since they have also been converted to use the generic hardirq.h file. But neither seems to use it, although parisc does build a IRQSTAT_SIRQ_PEND #define into asm-offsets - but that also appears unused.. - Linus ] Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
| * | | net: Generalize socket rx gap / receive queue overflow cmsgNeil Horman2009-10-121-0/+1
| |/ / | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Create a new socket level option to report number of queue overflows Recently I augmented the AF_PACKET protocol to report the number of frames lost on the socket receive queue between any two enqueued frames. This value was exported via a SOL_PACKET level cmsg. AFter I completed that work it was requested that this feature be generalized so that any datagram oriented socket could make use of this option. As such I've created this patch, It creates a new SOL_SOCKET level option called SO_RXQ_OVFL, which when enabled exports a SOL_SOCKET level cmsg that reports the nubmer of times the sk_receive_queue overflowed between any two given frames. It also augments the AF_PACKET protocol to take advantage of this new feature (as it previously did not touch sk->sk_drops, which this patch uses to record the overflow count). Tested successfully by me. Notes: 1) Unlike my previous patch, this patch simply records the sk_drops value, which is not a number of drops between packets, but rather a total number of drops. Deltas must be computed in user space. 2) While this patch currently works with datagram oriented protocols, it will also be accepted by non-datagram oriented protocols. I'm not sure if thats agreeable to everyone, but my argument in favor of doing so is that, for those protocols which aren't applicable to this option, sk_drops will always be zero, and reporting no drops on a receive queue that isn't used for those non-participating protocols seems reasonable to me. This also saves us having to code in a per-protocol opt in mechanism. 3) This applies cleanly to net-next assuming that commit 977750076d98c7ff6cbda51858bb5a5894a9d9ab (my af packet cmsg patch) is reverted Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* | | percpu: make accessors check for percpu pointer in sparseTejun Heo2009-10-291-2/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The previous patch made sparse warn about percpu variables being used directly without going through percpu accessors. This patch implements the other half - checking whether non percpu variable is passed into percpu accessors. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* | | percpu: add __percpu for sparse.Rusty Russell2009-10-291-1/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | We have to make __kernel "__attribute__((address_space(0)))" so we can cast to it. tj: * put_cpu_var() update. * Annotations added to dynamic allocator interface. Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* | | percpu: remove per_cpu__ prefix.Rusty Russell2009-10-291-6/+6
| |/ |/| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now that the return from alloc_percpu is compatible with the address of per-cpu vars, it makes sense to hand around the address of per-cpu variables. To make this sane, we remove the per_cpu__ prefix we used created to stop people accidentally using these vars directly. Now we have sparse, we can use that (next patch). tj: * Updated to convert stuff which were missed by or added after the original patch. * Kill per_cpu_var() macro. Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
* | this_cpu: Introduce this_cpu_ptr() and generic this_cpu_* operationsChristoph Lameter2009-10-031-0/+5
|/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch introduces two things: First this_cpu_ptr and then per cpu atomic operations. this_cpu_ptr ------------ A common operation when dealing with cpu data is to get the instance of the cpu data associated with the currently executing processor. This can be optimized by this_cpu_ptr(xx) = per_cpu_ptr(xx, smp_processor_id). The problem with per_cpu_ptr(x, smp_processor_id) is that it requires an array lookup to find the offset for the cpu. Processors typically have the offset for the current cpu area in some kind of (arch dependent) efficiently accessible register or memory location. We can use that instead of doing the array lookup to speed up the determination of the address of the percpu variable. This is particularly significant because these lookups occur in performance critical paths of the core kernel. this_cpu_ptr() can avoid memory accesses and this_cpu_ptr comes in two flavors. The preemption context matters since we are referring the the currently executing processor. In many cases we must insure that the processor does not change while a code segment is executed. __this_cpu_ptr -> Do not check for preemption context this_cpu_ptr -> Check preemption context The parameter to these operations is a per cpu pointer. This can be the address of a statically defined per cpu variable (&per_cpu_var(xxx)) or the address of a per cpu variable allocated with the per cpu allocator. per cpu atomic operations: this_cpu_*(var, val) ----------------------------------------------- this_cpu_* operations (like this_cpu_add(struct->y, value) operate on abitrary scalars that are members of structures allocated with the new per cpu allocator. They can also operate on static per_cpu variables if they are passed to per_cpu_var() (See patch to use this_cpu_* operations for vm statistics). These operations are guaranteed to be atomic vs preemption when modifying the scalar. The calculation of the per cpu offset is also guaranteed to be atomic at the same time. This means that a this_cpu_* operation can be safely used to modify a per cpu variable in a context where interrupts are enabled and preemption is allowed. Many architectures can perform such a per cpu atomic operation with a single instruction. Note that the atomicity here is different from regular atomic operations. Atomicity is only guaranteed for data accessed from the currently executing processor. Modifications from other processors are still possible. There must be other guarantees that the per cpu data is not modified from another processor when using these instruction. The per cpu atomicity is created by the fact that the processor either executes and instruction or not. Embedded in the instruction is the relocation of the per cpu address to the are reserved for the current processor and the RMW action. Therefore interrupts or preemption cannot occur in the mids of this processing. Generic fallback functions are used if an arch does not define optimized this_cpu operations. The functions come also come in the two flavors used for this_cpu_ptr(). The firstparameter is a scalar that is a member of a structure allocated through allocpercpu or a per cpu variable (use per_cpu_var(xxx)). The operations are similar to what percpu_add() and friends do. this_cpu_read(scalar) this_cpu_write(scalar, value) this_cpu_add(scale, value) this_cpu_sub(scalar, value) this_cpu_inc(scalar) this_cpu_dec(scalar) this_cpu_and(scalar, value) this_cpu_or(scalar, value) this_cpu_xor(scalar, value) Arch code can override the generic functions and provide optimized atomic per cpu operations. These atomic operations must provide both the relocation (x86 does it through a segment override) and the operation on the data in a single instruction. Otherwise preempt needs to be disabled and there is no gain from providing arch implementations. A third variant is provided prefixed by irqsafe_. These variants are safe against hardware interrupts on the *same* processor (all per cpu atomic primitives are *always* *only* providing safety for code running on the *same* processor!). The increment needs to be implemented by the hardware in such a way that it is a single RMW instruction that is either processed before or after an interrupt. cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* asm-generic/gpio.h: pull in linux/kernel.h for might_sleep()Mike Frysinger2009-10-011-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | The asm-generic/gpio.h header uses the might_sleep() macro but doesn't include the header for it, so any source code that might include linux/gpio.h before linux/kernel.h can easily lead to a build failure. Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Optimize the ordering of sections in RW_DATA_SECTION.Tim Abbott2009-09-241-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | The old RW_DATA_SECTION had INIT_TASK_DATA (which was more-than-PAGE_SIZE-aligned), followed by a bunch of small alignment stuff, followed by more PAGE_SIZE-aligned stuff, so you wasted memory in the middle of .data re-aligning back up to PAGE_SIZE. This patch sorts the sections by alignment requirements, which should pack them essentially optimally. Signed-off-by: Tim Abbott <tabbott@ksplice.com> Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Merge branch 'hwpoison' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-09-242-1/+8
|\ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6 * 'hwpoison' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ak/linux-mce-2.6: (21 commits) HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page on btrfs HWPOISON: Add simple debugfs interface to inject hwpoison on arbitary PFNs HWPOISON: Add madvise() based injector for hardware poisoned pages v4 HWPOISON: Enable error_remove_page for NFS HWPOISON: Enable .remove_error_page for migration aware file systems HWPOISON: The high level memory error handler in the VM v7 HWPOISON: Add PR_MCE_KILL prctl to control early kill behaviour per process HWPOISON: shmem: call set_page_dirty() with locked page HWPOISON: Define a new error_remove_page address space op for async truncation HWPOISON: Add invalidate_inode_page HWPOISON: Refactor truncate to allow direct truncating of page v2 HWPOISON: check and isolate corrupted free pages v2 HWPOISON: Handle hardware poisoned pages in try_to_unmap HWPOISON: Use bitmask/action code for try_to_unmap behaviour HWPOISON: x86: Add VM_FAULT_HWPOISON handling to x86 page fault handler v2 HWPOISON: Add poison check to page fault handling HWPOISON: Add basic support for poisoned pages in fault handler v3 HWPOISON: Add new SIGBUS error codes for hardware poison signals HWPOISON: Add support for poison swap entries v2 HWPOISON: Export some rmap vma locking to outside world ...
| * HWPOISON: Add madvise() based injector for hardware poisoned pages v4Andi Kleen2009-09-161-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Impact: optional, useful for debugging Add a new madvice sub command to inject poison for some pages in a process' address space. This is useful for testing the poison page handling. This patch can allow root to tie up large amounts of memory. I got feedback from container developers and they didn't see any problem. v2: Use write flag for get_user_pages to make sure to always get a fresh page v3: Don't request write mapping (Fengguang Wu) v4: Move MADV_* number to avoid conflict with KSM (Hugh Dickins) Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
| * HWPOISON: Add new SIGBUS error codes for hardware poison signalsAndi Kleen2009-09-161-1/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add new SIGBUS codes for reporting machine checks as signals. When the hardware detects an uncorrected ECC error it can trigger these signals. This is needed for telling KVM's qemu about machine checks that happen to guests, so that it can inject them, but might be also useful for other programs. I find it useful in my test programs. This patch merely defines the new types. - Define two new si_codes for SIGBUS. BUS_MCEERR_AO and BUS_MCEERR_AR * BUS_MCEERR_AO is for "Action Optional" machine checks, which means that some corruption has been detected in the background, but nothing has been consumed so far. The program can ignore those if it wants (but most programs would already get killed) * BUS_MCEERR_AR is for "Action Required" machine checks. This happens when corrupted data is consumed or the application ran into an area which has been known to be corrupted earlier. These require immediate action and cannot just returned to. Most programs would kill themselves. - They report the address of the corruption in the user address space in si_addr. - Define a new si_addr_lsb field that reports the extent of the corruption to user space. That's currently always a (small) page. The user application cannot tell where in this page the corruption happened. AK: I plan to write a man page update before anyone asks. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
* | fcntl: add F_[SG]ETOWN_EXPeter Zijlstra2009-09-241-0/+13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In order to direct the SIGIO signal to a particular thread of a multi-threaded application we cannot, like suggested by the manpage, put a TID into the regular fcntl(F_SETOWN) call. It will still be send to the whole process of which that thread is part. Since people do want to properly direct SIGIO we introduce F_SETOWN_EX. The need to direct SIGIO comes from self-monitoring profiling such as with perf-counters. Perf-counters uses SIGIO to notify that new sample data is available. If the signal is delivered to the same task that generated the new sample it can augment that data by inspecting the task's user-space state right after it returns from the kernel. This is esp. convenient for interpreted or virtual machine driven environments. Both F_SETOWN_EX and F_GETOWN_EX take a pointer to a struct f_owner_ex as argument: struct f_owner_ex { int type; pid_t pid; }; Where type is one of F_OWNER_TID, F_OWNER_PID or F_OWNER_GID. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Tested-by: stephane eranian <eranian@googlemail.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@googlemail.com> Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | cpumask: remove obsolete node_to_cpumask now everyone uses cpumask_of_nodeRusty Russell2009-09-241-17/+0
| | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* | Merge branch 'timers-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-09-231-0/+1
|\ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'timers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: itimers: Add tracepoints for itimer hrtimer: Add tracepoint for hrtimers timers: Add tracepoints for timer_list timers cputime: Optimize jiffies_to_cputime(1) itimers: Simplify arm_timer() code a bit itimers: Fix periodic tics precision itimers: Merge ITIMER_VIRT and ITIMER_PROF Trivial header file include conflicts in kernel/fork.c
| * | cputime: Optimize jiffies_to_cputime(1)Stanislaw Gruszka2009-08-031-0/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | For powerpc with CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING jiffies_to_cputime(1) is not compile time constant and run time calculations are quite expensive. To optimize we use precomputed value. For all other architectures is is preprocessor definition. Signed-off-by: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> LKML-Reference: <1248862529-6063-5-git-send-email-sgruszka@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* | | Merge branch 'x86/orig_ax' of ↵Linus Torvalds2009-09-231-2/+6
|\ \ \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frob/linux-2.6-roland * 'x86/orig_ax' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frob/linux-2.6-roland: x86: ptrace: set TS_COMPAT when 32-bit ptrace sets orig_eax>=0 x86: ptrace: do not sign-extend orig_ax on write x86: syscall_get_nr returns int asm-generic: syscall_get_nr returns int
| * | | asm-generic: syscall_get_nr returns intRoland McGrath2009-09-221-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Only 32 bits of system call number are meaningful, so make the specification for syscall_get_nr() be to return int, not long. Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
* | | | gpiolib: allow exported GPIO nodes to be named using sysfs linksJani Nikula2009-09-231-0/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit 926b663ce8215ba448960e1ff6e58b67a2c3b99b (gpiolib: allow GPIOs to be named) already provides naming on the chip level. This patch provides more flexibility by allowing multiple names where ever in sysfs on a per GPIO basis. Adapted from David Brownell's comments on a similar concept: http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/4/20/203. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: fix build for CONFIG_GENERIC_GPIO=n] Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <ext-jani.1.nikula@nokia.com> Acked-by: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: Daniel Silverstone <dsilvers@simtec.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* | | | asm/sections: add text/data checking functions for arches to overrideMike Frysinger2009-09-231-0/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Some ports (like the Blackfin arch) have a discontiguous memory map which means there may be text or data that falls outside of the standard range of the start/end text/data symbols. Creating some helper functions allows these non-standard ports to declare these regions without adversely affecting anyone else. Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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