summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/drivers/ata/sata_sis.c
Commit message (Collapse)AuthorAgeFilesLines
* libata-sff: separate out BMDMA initTejun Heo2010-05-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | Separate out ata_pci_bmdma_prepare_host() and ata_pci_bmdma_init_one() from their SFF counterparts. SFF ones no longer try to initialize BMDMA or set PCI master. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* libata-sff: separate out BMDMA irq handlerTejun Heo2010-05-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Separate out BMDMA irq handler from SFF irq handler. The misnamed host_intr() functions are renamed to ata_sff_port_intr() and ata_bmdma_port_intr(). Common parts are factored into __ata_sff_port_intr() and __ata_sff_interrupt() and used by sff and bmdma interrupt routines. All BMDMA drivers now use ata_bmdma_interrupt() or ata_bmdma_port_intr() while all non-BMDMA SFF ones use ata_sff_interrupt() or ata_sff_port_intr(). For now, ata_pci_sff_init_one() uses ata_bmdma_interrupt() as it's used by both SFF and BMDMA drivers. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* sata_sis: convert to slave_linkTejun Heo2009-09-081-50/+25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | During introduction of slave_link, sata_sis slipped through the crack and left with ad-hoc merged SCR access. As SCR status was shared for both the master and slave devices, when only one of the device is online, libata EH would think both are online but would only get valid device signature for the actually present one, which in turn trigger the probing safety net mechanism and make EH retry causing large delay during boot. This patch converts sata_sis to slave_link mechanism. This bug was reported by TAXI in bko#14075. http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14075 Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reported-by: TAXI <taxi@a-city.de> Cc: Uwe Koziolek <uwe.koziolek@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* [libata] convert drivers to use ata.h mode mask definesErik Inge Bolsø2009-03-241-2/+2
| | | | | | | No functional changes in this patch. Signed-off-by: Erik Inge Bolsø <knan-lkml@anduin.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* libata: make SCR access ops per-linkTejun Heo2008-09-291-12/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Logically, SCR access ops should take @link; however, there was no compelling reason to convert all SCR access ops when adding @link abstraction as there's one-to-one mapping between a port and a non-PMP link. However, that assumption won't hold anymore with the scheduled addition of slave link. Make SCR access ops per-link. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* sata_sis: SCR accessors return -EINVAL when requested SCR isn't availableTejun Heo2008-04-241-5/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sis_scr_cfg_read() can't access SError and was incorrectly returning -1 instead of -EINVAL. This went unnoticed because SError used to be cleared in @postreset() and it didn't care about how scr_read() failed but commit ac371987 moved SError clearing into sata_link_resume() and SCR access failure other than -EINVAL is considered an error condition and exposes the incorrect return value bug as detection failure. Fix it. Also, scsi_scr_cfg_write() was incorrectly returning 0 after it ignored the request to write to SError. Make it also return -EINVAL. This was bisected and reported by Patrick McHardy. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* libata: rename SFF functionsTejun Heo2008-04-171-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SFF functions have confusing names. Some have sff prefix, some have bmdma, some std, some pci and some none. Unify the naming by... * SFF functions which are common to both BMDMA and non-BMDMA are prefixed with ata_sff_. * SFF functions which are specific to BMDMA are prefixed with ata_bmdma_. * SFF functions which are specific to PCI but apply to both BMDMA and non-BMDMA are prefixed with ata_pci_sff_. * SFF functions which are specific to PCI and BMDMA are prefixed with ata_pci_bmdma_. * Drop generic prefixes from LLD specific routines. For example, bfin_std_dev_select -> bfin_dev_select. The following renames are noteworthy. ata_qc_issue_prot() -> ata_sff_qc_issue() ata_pci_default_filter() -> ata_bmdma_mode_filter() ata_dev_try_classify() -> ata_sff_dev_classify() This rename is in preparation of separating SFF support out of libata core layer. This patch strictly renames functions and doesn't introduce any behavior difference. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
* libata: implement and use ops inheritanceTejun Heo2008-04-171-21/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | libata lets low level drivers build ata_port_operations table and register it with libata core layer. This allows low level drivers high level of flexibility but also burdens them with lots of boilerplate entries. This becomes worse for drivers which support related similar controllers which differ slightly. They share most of the operations except for a few. However, the driver still needs to list all operations for each variant. This results in large number of duplicate entries, which is not only inefficient but also error-prone as it becomes very difficult to tell what the actual differences are. This duplicate boilerplates all over the low level drivers also make updating the core layer exteremely difficult and error-prone. When compounded with multi-branched development model, it ends up accumulating inconsistencies over time. Some of those inconsistencies cause immediate problems and fixed. Others just remain there dormant making maintenance increasingly difficult. To rectify the problem, this patch implements ata_port_operations inheritance. To allow LLDs to easily re-use their own ops tables overriding only specific methods, this patch implements poor man's class inheritance. An ops table has ->inherits field which can be set to any ops table as long as it doesn't create a loop. When the host is started, the inheritance chain is followed and any operation which isn't specified is taken from the nearest ancestor which has it specified. This operation is called finalization and done only once per an ops table and the LLD doesn't have to do anything special about it other than making the ops table non-const such that libata can update it. libata provides four base ops tables lower drivers can inherit from - base, sata, pmp, sff and bmdma. To avoid overriding these ops accidentaly, these ops are declared const and LLDs should always inherit these instead of using them directly. After finalization, all the ops table are identical before and after the patch except for setting .irq_handler to ata_interrupt in drivers which didn't use to. The .irq_handler doesn't have any actual effect and the field will soon be removed by later patch. * sata_sx4 is still using old style EH and currently doesn't take advantage of ops inheritance. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
* libata: implement and use SHT initializersTejun Heo2008-04-171-15/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | libata lets low level drivers build scsi_host_template and register it to the SCSI layer. This allows low level drivers high level of flexibility but also burdens them with lots of boilerplate entries. This patch implements SHT initializers which can be used to initialize all the boilerplate entries in a sht. Three variants of them are implemented - BASE, BMDMA and NCQ - for different types of drivers. Note that entries can be overriden by putting individual initializers after the helper macro. All sht tables are identical before and after this patch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
* libata: normalize port_info, port_operations and sht tablesTejun Heo2008-04-171-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Over the time, port info, ops and sht structures developed quite a bit of inconsistencies. This patch updates drivers. * Enable/disable_pm callbacks added to all ahci ops tables. * Every driver for SFF controllers now uses ata_sff_port_start() instead of ata_port_start() unless the driver has custom implementation. * Every driver for SFF controllers now uses ata_pci_default_filter() unless the driver has custom implementation. * Removed an odd port_info->sht initialization from ata_piix.c. Likely a merge byproduct. * A port which has ATA_FLAG_SATA set doesn't need to set cable_detect to ata_cable_sata(). Remove it from via and mv port ops. * Some drivers had unnecessary .max_sectors initialization which is ignored and was missing .slave_destroy callback. Fixed. * Removed unnecessary sht initializations port_info's. * Removed onsolete scsi device suspend/resume callbacks from pata_bf54x. * No reason to set ata_pci_default_filter() and bmdma functions for PIO-only drivers. Remove those callbacks and replace ata_bmdma_irq_clear with ata_noop_irq_clear. * pata_platform sets port_start to ata_dummy_ret0. port_start can just be set to NULL. * sata_fsl supports NCQ but was missing qc_defer. Fixed. * pata_rb600_cf implements dummy port_start. Removed. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
* [libata] Address some checkpatch-spotted issuesJeff Garzik2007-10-291-30/+34
| | | | Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* [libata] sata_sis: use correct S/G table sizeJeff Garzik2007-10-191-1/+1
| | | | | | | | sata_sis has the same restrictions as other SFF controllers, and so must use LIBATA_MAX_PRD to denote that SCSI may only fill ATA_MAX_PRD/2 entries, due to our need to handle IOMMU merging. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
* sata_sis: fix SCR read breakageTejun Heo2007-10-191-5/+8
| | | | | | | | | SCR read for controllers which uses PCI configuration space for SCR access got broken while adding @val argument to SCR accessors. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Remove ->port_disable() hookJeff Garzik2007-10-121-1/+0
| | | | | | | | It was always set to ata_port_disable(). Removed the hook, and replaced the very few ap->ops->port_disable() callsites with direct calls to ata_port_disable(). Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Remove ->irq_ack() hook, and ata_dummy_irq_on()Jeff Garzik2007-10-121-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | * ->irq_ack() is redundant to what the irq handler already performs... chk-status + irq-clear. Furthermore, it is only called in one place, when screaming-irq-debugging is enabled, so we don't want to bother with a hook just for that. * ata_dummy_irq_on() is only ever used in drivers that have no callpath reaching ->irq_on(). Remove .irq_on hook from those drivers, and the now-unused ata_dummy_irq_on() Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Bump driver versionsJeff Garzik2007-08-311-1/+1
| | | | | | | Bump the versions for drivers that were modified, but had not already had a version number bump. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: make ->scr_read/write callbacks return error codeTejun Heo2007-07-201-10/+12
| | | | | | | | Convert ->scr_read/write callbacks to return error code to better indicate failure. This will help handling of SCR_NOTIFICATION. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: simplify PCI legacy SFF host handlingTejun Heo2007-07-101-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | With PCI resource fix up for legacy hosts. We can use the same code path to allocate IO resources and initialize host for both legacy and native SFF hosts. Only IRQ requesting needs to be different. Rename ata_pci_*_native_host() to ata_pci_*_sff_host(), kill all legacy specific functions and use the renamed functions instead. This simplifies code a lot. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Use ATA_UDMAx standard masks when filling driver's udma_mask infoJeff Garzik2007-07-091-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | The ATA_UDMAx masks are self-documenting, and far better than manually writing in the hex mask. Note that pata_it8213 mask differed from the comment. Added a FIXME there. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: PATA-mode fixes for sis_sataUwe Koziolek2007-07-021-20/+19
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Changed PATA handler for PATA-ports used by sata_sis. This patch was originally submitted by Jeff Garzik. Added PCI-ID 1180 for SiS966 Controller in pata_sis. The 1180 mode is fully compatible to other SiS PATA-controller. The PCI-ID 1183 is SATA in PATA-emulation, but not fully compatible to SiS5513/5518. sata_sis.c is forwarding this ID to pata_sis. 1183 is not working if simply added to pata_sis. This handling fixes issues with SiS968. Signed-off-by: Uwe Koziolek <uwe.koziolek@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: sata_sis fixesUwe Koziolek2007-05-251-1/+1
| | | | | | | | The sata_sis driver supports SATA and PATA ports. The broken support of both types in one controller is fixed. Signed-off-by: Uwe Koziolek <uwe.koziolek@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: bump versionsJeff Garzik2007-05-211-1/+1
| | | | Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: clean up SFF init messTejun Heo2007-05-111-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The intention of using port_mask in SFF init helpers was to eventually support exoctic configurations such as combination of legacy and native port on the same controller. This never became actually necessary and the related code always has been subtly broken one way or the other. Now that new init model is in place, there is no reason to make common helpers capable of handling all corner cases. Exotic cases can simply dealt within LLDs as necessary. This patch removes port_mask handling in SFF init helpers. SFF init helpers don't take n_ports argument and interpret it into port_mask anymore. All information is carried via port_info. n_ports argument is dropped and always two ports are allocated. LLD can tell SFF to skip certain port by marking it dummy. Note that SFF code has been treating unuvailable ports this way for a long time until recent breakage fix from Linus and is consistent with how other drivers handle with unavailable ports. This fixes 1-port legacy host handling still broken after the recent native mode fix and simplifies SFF init logic. The following changes are made... * ata_pci_init_native_host() and ata_init_legacy_host() both now try to initialized whatever they can and mark failed ports dummy. They return 0 if any port is successfully initialized. * ata_pci_prepare_native_host() and ata_pci_init_one() now doesn't take n_ports argument. All info should be specified via port_info array. Always two ports are allocated. * ata_pci_init_bmdma() exported to be used by LLDs in exotic cases. * port_info handling in all LLDs are standardized - all port_info arrays are const stack variable named ppi. Unless the second port is different from the first, its port_info is specified as NULL (tells libata that it's identical to the last non-NULL port_info). * pata_hpt37x/hpt3x2n: don't modify static variable directly. Make an on-stack copy instead as ata_piix does. * pata_uli: It has 4 ports instead of 2. Don't use ata_pci_prepare_native_host(). Allocate the host explicitly and use init helpers. It's simple enough. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: convert ata_pci_init_native_mode() users to new init modelTejun Heo2007-04-281-34/+16
| | | | | | | | | | | | Convert drivers which use ata_pci_init_native_mode() to new init model. ata_pci_init_native_host() is used instead. sata_nv, sata_uli and sata_sis are in this category. Tested on nVidia Corporation CK804 Serial ATA Controller [10de:0054] in both BMDMA and ADMA mode. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [PATCH] trivial ATA iomem annotationsAl Viro2007-03-141-1/+1
| | | | | | Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* [libata] Trim trailing whitespace.Jeff Garzik2007-02-261-1/+1
| | | | | | No code changes. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* SiS warning fixesAlan2007-02-211-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Somehow the sis_info133 external definition ended up in libata.h and that was included by both drivers. However libata.h contains libata-* specific internals and clashing defines like DRV_NAME so this makes a mess. Move the extern into the C file and remove the warnings [akpm@linux-foundation.org: create sis.h to avoid extern-decl-in-C] Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: add another IRQ calls (libata drivers)Akira Iguchi2007-02-091-0/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch is against each libata driver. Two IRQ calls are added in ata_port_operations. - irq_on() is used to enable interrupts. - irq_ack() is used to acknowledge a device interrupt. In most drivers, ata_irq_on() and ata_irq_ack() are used for irq_on and irq_ack respectively. In some drivers (ex: ahci, sata_sil24) which cannot use them as is, ata_dummy_irq_on() and ata_dummy_irq_ack() are used. Signed-off-by: Kou Ishizaki <kou.ishizaki@toshiba.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Akira Iguchi <akira2.iguchi@toshiba.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: convert to iomapTejun Heo2007-02-091-9/+13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Convert libata core layer and LLDs to use iomap. * managed iomap is used. Pointer to pcim_iomap_table() is cached at host->iomap and used through out LLDs. This basically replaces host->mmio_base. * if possible, pcim_iomap_regions() is used Most iomap operation conversions are taken from Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>'s iomap branch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Shuffle DRV_xxx in core and SiS drivers, to kill warningsJeff Garzik2007-02-091-0/+1
| | | | Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: update libata LLDs to use devresTejun Heo2007-02-091-23/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Update libata LLDs to use devres. Core layer is already converted to support managed LLDs. This patch simplifies initialization and fixes many resource related bugs in init failure and detach path. For example, all converted drivers now handle ata_device_add() failure gracefully without excessive resource rollback code. As most resources are released automatically on driver detach, many drivers don't need or can do with much simpler ->{port|host}_stop(). In general, stop callbacks are need iff port or host needs to be given commands to shut it down. Note that freezing is enough in many cases and ports are automatically frozen before being detached. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* fix CONFIG_SATA_SIS=y compile errorAdrian Bunk2007-02-091-3/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Static code shouldn't be used from other modules. drivers/built-in.o: In function `sis_init_one': sata_sis.c:(.text+0x7634cd): undefined reference to `sis_info133' sata_sis.c:(.text+0x7634d6): undefined reference to `sis_info133' While I was at it, I also moved the prototype of this struct to a header file. Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* sata_sis: Support for PATA supportsAlan2007-02-091-9/+25
| | | | | | | | | | | | This is quick rework of the patch Uwe proposed but using Kconfig not ifdefs and user selection to sort out PATA support. Instead of ifdefs and requiring the user to select both drivers the SATA driver selects the PATA one. For neatness I've also moved the extern into the function that uses it. Signed-off-by: Alan Cox Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] trim trailing whitespaceJeff Garzik2007-02-091-1/+1
| | | | | | Most of these contributed by that mysterious figger known as A.C. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [PATCH] sata_sis: support SiS966/966LUwe Koziolek2007-02-091-25/+54
| | | | | | | | | | | | The SiS966/966L has different PCI-IDs for native mode and AHCI mode. The SiS966 supports four SATA ports only in native mode. Added additional PCI-ID 0x0183 for SiS965/965L. this patch is based on the code from David Wang from SiS Corporation published on SiS Website. Signed-off-by: Uwe Koziolek <uwe.koziolek@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [PATCH] sata_sis: slave support on SiS965Uwe Koziolek2006-12-011-5/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | SiS965 and SiS180 chips must support slave mode, SiS965L and SiS964 chips must not support slave mode. SCR_STATUS for SATA ports in powerdown state fixed. Now returning 0x0113 instead of 0x0117. Avoids problem on detecting sata_sis controller. Signed-off-by: Uwe Koziolek <uwe.koziolek@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [PATCH] sata_sis: fix flags handling for the secondary portTejun Heo2006-10-311-11/+10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | sis_init_one() modifies probe_ent->port_flags after allocating and initializing it using ata_pci_init_native_mode(). This makes port_flags for the secondary port (probe_ent->pinfo2->flags) go out of sync resulting in misdetection of device due to incorrectly initialized SCR access flag. This patch make probe_ent alloc/init happen after the final port flags value is determined. This is fragile but probe_ent and all the related mess are scheduled to go away soon for exactly this reason. We just need to hold everything together till then. This has been spotted and diagnosed and tested by Patrick McHardy. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Cc: Patric McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] PCI ID table cleanup in various driversJeff Garzik2006-09-281-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | * Use PCI_VDEVICE() macro * const-ify pci_device_id table * standardize list terminator as "{ }" * convert spaces to tab in pci_driver struct (Alan-ism) * various minor whitespace cleanups Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Use new PCI_VDEVICE() macro to dramatically shorten ID listsJeff Garzik2006-09-271-3/+3
| | | | Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* [libata] Fix oops introduced in non-uniform port handling fixJeff Garzik2006-09-251-3/+3
| | | | | | Noticed by several people. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* libata: Grand renaming.Jeff Garzik2006-08-241-9/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The biggest change is that ata_host_set is renamed to ata_host. * ata_host_set => ata_host * ata_probe_ent->host_flags => ata_probe_ent->port_flags * ata_probe_ent->host_set_flags => ata_probe_ent->_host_flags * ata_host_stats => ata_port_stats * ata_port->host => ata_port->scsi_host * ata_port->host_set => ata_port->host * ata_port_info->host_flags => ata_port_info->flags * ata_(.*)host_set(.*)\(\) => ata_\1host\2() The leading underscore in ata_probe_ent->_host_flags is to avoid reusing ->host_flags for different purpose. Currently, the only user of the field is libata-bmdma.c and probe_ent itself is scheduled to be removed. ata_port->host is reused for different purpose but this field is used inside libata core proper and of different type. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
* Move libata to drivers/ata.Jeff Garzik2006-08-101-0/+347
OpenPOWER on IntegriCloud