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* kernel/pid.c: update comment on find_task_by_pid_nsTetsuo Handa2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | tasklist_lock does protect the task and its pid, it can't go away. The problem is that find_pid_ns() itself is unsafe without rcu lock, it can race with copy_process()->free_pid(any_pid). Protecting copy_process()->free_pid(any_pid) with tasklist_lock would make it possible to call find_task_by_pid_ns() under tasklist safely, but we don't do so because we are trying to get rid of the read_lock sites of tasklist_lock. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* panic: fix panic_timeout accuracy when running on a hypervisorAnton Blanchard2010-03-061-16/+30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I've had some complaints about panic_timeout being wildly innacurate on shared processor PowerPC partitions (a 3 minute panic_timeout taking 30 minutes). The problem is we loop on mdelay(1) and with a 1ms in 10ms hypervisor timeslice each of these will take 10ms (ie 10x) longer. I expect other platforms with shared processor hypervisors will see the same issue. This patch keeps the old behaviour if we have a panic_blink (only keyboard LEDs right now) and does 1 second mdelays if we don't. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* kernel core: use helpers for rlimitsJiri Slaby2010-03-067-16/+20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Make sure compiler won't do weird things with limits. E.g. fetching them twice may return 2 different values after writable limits are implemented. I.e. either use rlimit helpers added in commit 3e10e716abf3 ("resource: add helpers for fetching rlimits") or ACCESS_ONCE if not applicable. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* posix-cpu-timers: cleanup rlimits usageJiri Slaby2010-03-061-15/+17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fetch rlimit (both hard and soft) values only once and work on them. It removes many accesses through sig structure and makes the code cleaner. Mostly a preparation for writable resource limits support. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* kernel/exit.c: fix shadows sparse warningThiago Farina2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | kernel/exit.c:1183:26: warning: symbol 'status' shadows an earlier one kernel/exit.c:1173:21: originally declared here Signed-off-by: Thiago Farina <tfransosi@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* includecheck fix for kernel/params.cJaswinder Singh Rajput2010-03-061-1/+0
| | | | | | | | | | Fix the following 'make includecheck' warning: kernel/params.c: linux/string.h is included more than once. Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com> Cc: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* splice: comparing unsigned int < 0Dan Carpenter2010-03-061-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | "ret" needs to be signed or the error handling for splice_to_pipe() won't work correctly. Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com> Cc: Tom Zanussi <zanussi@comcast.net> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* lkdtm: add debugfs access and loosen KPROBE tiesSimon Kagstrom2010-03-063-85/+430
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add adds a debugfs interface and additional failure modes to LKDTM to provide similar functionality to the provoke-crash driver submitted here: http://lwn.net/Articles/371208/ Crashes can now be induced either through module parameters (as before) or through the debugfs interface as in provoke-crash. The patch also provides a new "direct" interface, where KPROBES are not used, i.e., the crash is invoked directly upon write to the debugfs file. When built without KPROBES configured, only this mode is available. Signed-off-by: Simon Kagstrom <simon.kagstrom@netinsight.net> Cc: M. Mohan Kumar <mohan@in.ibm.com> Cc: Americo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>, Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* eisa: fix coding style for eisa bus codeThadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo2010-03-061-112/+128
| | | | | | | | | Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@holoscopio.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* drivers/misc/iwmc3200top/main.c: eliminate useless codeJulia Lawall2010-03-061-2/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The variable priv is initialized twice to the same (side effect-free) expression. Drop one initialization. A simplified version of the semantic match that finds this problem is: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/) // <smpl> @forall@ idexpression *x; identifier f!=ERR_PTR; @@ x = f(...) ... when != x ( x = f(...,<+...x...+>,...) | * x = f(...) ) // </smpl> Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk> Cc: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* init/main.c: make setup_max_cpus static for !SMPH Hartley Sweeten2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The only in tree external users of the symbol setup_max_cpus are in arch/x86/. The files ./kernel/alternative.c, ./kernel/visws_quirks.c, and ./mm/kmemcheck/kmemcheck.c are all guarded by CONFIG_SMP being defined. For this case the symbol is an unsigned int and declared as an extern in include/linux/smp.h. When CONFIG_SMP is not defined the symbol setup_max_cpus is a constant value that is only used in init/main.c. Make the symbol static for this case. Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* smp: fix documentation in include/linux/smp.hRakib Mullick2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | smp: Fix documentation. Fix documentation in include/linux/smp.h: smp_processor_id() Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* nodemask.h: remove macro any_online_nodeH Hartley Sweeten2010-03-063-15/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The macro any_online_node() is prone to producing sparse warnings due to the local symbol 'node'. Since all the in-tree users are really requesting the first online node (the mask argument is either NODE_MASK_ALL or node_online_map) just use the first_online_node macro and remove the any_online_node macro since there are no users. Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com> Cc: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@austin.ibm.com> Cc: Geoff Levand <geoffrey.levand@am.sony.com> Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org> Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com> Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Cc: Ricardo Labiaga <Ricardo.Labiaga@netapp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* fs: use rlimit helpersJiri Slaby2010-03-068-12/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Make sure compiler won't do weird things with limits. E.g. fetching them twice may return 2 different values after writable limits are implemented. I.e. either use rlimit helpers added in commit 3e10e716abf3 ("resource: add helpers for fetching rlimits") or ACCESS_ONCE if not applicable. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cpumask: let num_*_cpus() function always return unsigned valuesHeiko Carstens2010-03-061-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dependent on CONFIG_SMP the num_*_cpus() functions return unsigned or signed values. Let them always return unsigned values to avoid strange casts. Fixes at least one warning: kernel/kprobes.c: In function 'register_kretprobe': kernel/kprobes.c:1038: warning: comparison of distinct pointer types lacks a cast Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* init/initramfs.c: fix "symbol shadows an earlier one" noiseH Hartley Sweeten2010-03-061-6/+6
| | | | | | | | | | The symbol 'count' is a local global variable in this file. The function clean_rootfs() should use a different symbol name to prevent "symbol shadows an earlier one" noise. Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* init/main.c: improve usability in case of init binary failureAndreas Mohr2010-03-062-1/+51
| | | | | | | | | | | | - new Documentation/init.txt file describing various forms of failure trying to load the init binary after kernel bootup - extend the init/main.c init failure message to direct to Documentation/init.txt Signed-off-by: Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* kernel/cpu.c: delete deprecated definition in cpu_up()Chen Gong2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | Additional_cpus is only supported for IA64 now. X86_64 should not be included. Signed-off-by: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* MFGPT: move clocksource menuRandy Dunlap2010-03-063-11/+9
| | | | | | | | | | | Move the CS5535 MFGPT hrtimer kconfig option to be with the other MFGPT options. This makes it easier to find and also removes it from the main "Device Drivers" menu, where it should not have been. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Acked-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* um: tell git to ignore generated filesWANG Cong2010-03-062-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tell git to ignore the generated files under um, except: include/shared/kern_constants.h include/shared/user_constants.h which will be moved to include/generated. Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* uml: line.c: avoid NULL pointer dereferenceAlexander Beregalov2010-03-061-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | Assign tty only if line is not NULL. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplification] Signed-off-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cris v32: typo in crisv32_arbiter_unwatch()?Roel Kluin2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | With id 1 the wrong bp was unwatched. Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cryptocop: fix assertion in create_output_descriptors()Roel Kluin2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | size_t desc_len cannot be less than 0, test before the subtraction. Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cris: convert to use arch_gettimeoffset()john stultz2010-03-062-66/+8
| | | | | | | | | | | Convert cris to use GENERIC_TIME via the arch_getoffset() infrastructure, reducing the amount of arch specific code we need to maintain. Signed-off-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* cpuidle menu: remove 8 bytes of padding on 64 bit buildsRichard Kennedy2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | Reorder struct menu_device to remove 8 bytes of padding on 64 bit builds. Size drops from 136 to 128 bytes, so possibly needing one fewer cache lines. Signed-off-by: Richard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* alpha: PTR_ERR overwrites -EINVAL in syscall osf_mountRoel Kluin2010-03-061-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | The initial -EINVAL value is overwritten by `retval = PTR_ERR(name)'. If this isn't an error pointer and typenr is not 1, 6 or 9, then this retval, a pointer cast to a long, is returned. Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <roel.kluin@gmail.com> Acked-by: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* frv: remove pci_dma_sync_single() and pci_dma_sync_sg()FUJITA Tomonori2010-03-061-37/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | No architecture except for frv has pci_dma_sync_single() and pci_dma_sync_sg(). The APIs are deprecated. Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: add comment on swap_duplicate's error codeHugh Dickins2010-03-061-1/+5
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | swap_duplicate()'s loop appears to miss out on returning the error code from __swap_duplicate(), except when that's -ENOMEM. In fact this is intentional: prior to -ENOMEM for swap_count_continuation, swap_duplicate() was void (and the case only occurs when copy_one_pte() hits a corrupt pte). But that's surprising behaviour, which certainly deserves a comment. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reported-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* nommu: get_user_pages(): pin last page on non-page-aligned startSteven J. Magnani2010-03-061-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | The noMMU version of get_user_pages() fails to pin the last page when the start address isn't page-aligned. The patch fixes this in a way that makes find_extend_vma() congruent to its MMU cousin. Signed-off-by: Steven J. Magnani <steve@digidescorp.com> Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: use the same log level for show_mem()Amerigo Wang2010-03-061-7/+7
| | | | | | | | | Use the same log level for printk's in show_mem(), so that those messages can be shown completely when using log level 6. Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: add comment about deprecation of __GFP_NOFAILDavid Rientjes2010-03-061-1/+2
| | | | | | | | | | __GFP_NOFAIL was deprecated in dab48dab, so add a comment that no new users should be added. Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vmscan: detect mapped file pages used only onceJohannes Weiner2010-03-063-14/+36
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The VM currently assumes that an inactive, mapped and referenced file page is in use and promotes it to the active list. However, every mapped file page starts out like this and thus a problem arises when workloads create a stream of such pages that are used only for a short time. By flooding the active list with those pages, the VM quickly gets into trouble finding eligible reclaim canditates. The result is long allocation latencies and eviction of the wrong pages. This patch reuses the PG_referenced page flag (used for unmapped file pages) to implement a usage detection that scales with the speed of LRU list cycling (i.e. memory pressure). If the scanner encounters those pages, the flag is set and the page cycled again on the inactive list. Only if it returns with another page table reference it is activated. Otherwise it is reclaimed as 'not recently used cache'. This effectively changes the minimum lifetime of a used-once mapped file page from a full memory cycle to an inactive list cycle, which allows it to occur in linear streams without affecting the stable working set of the system. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: OSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vmscan: drop page_mapping_inuse()Johannes Weiner2010-03-061-23/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | page_mapping_inuse() is a historic predicate function for pages that are about to be reclaimed or deactivated. According to it, a page is in use when it is mapped into page tables OR part of swap cache OR backing an mmapped file. This function is used in combination with page_referenced(), which checks for young bits in ptes and the page descriptor itself for the PG_referenced bit. Thus, checking for unmapped swap cache pages is meaningless as PG_referenced is not set for anonymous pages and unmapped pages do not have young ptes. The test makes no difference. Protecting file pages that are not by themselves mapped but are part of a mapped file is also a historic leftover for short-lived things like the exec() code in libc. However, the VM now does reference accounting and activation of pages at unmap time and thus the special treatment on reclaim is obsolete. This patch drops page_mapping_inuse() and switches the two callsites to use page_mapped() directly. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: OSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vmscan: factor out page reference checksJohannes Weiner2010-03-061-13/+43
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The used-once mapped file page detection patchset. It is meant to help workloads with large amounts of shortly used file mappings, like rtorrent hashing a file or git when dealing with loose objects (git gc on a bigger site?). Right now, the VM activates referenced mapped file pages on first encounter on the inactive list and it takes a full memory cycle to reclaim them again. When those pages dominate memory, the system no longer has a meaningful notion of 'working set' and is required to give up the active list to make reclaim progress. Obviously, this results in rather bad scanning latencies and the wrong pages being reclaimed. This patch makes the VM be more careful about activating mapped file pages in the first place. The minimum granted lifetime without another memory access becomes an inactive list cycle instead of the full memory cycle, which is more natural given the mentioned loads. This test resembles a hashing rtorrent process. Sequentially, 32MB chunks of a file are mapped into memory, hashed (sha1) and unmapped again. While this happens, every 5 seconds a process is launched and its execution time taken: python2.4 -c 'import pydoc' old: max=2.31s mean=1.26s (0.34) new: max=1.25s mean=0.32s (0.32) find /etc -type f old: max=2.52s mean=1.44s (0.43) new: max=1.92s mean=0.12s (0.17) vim -c ':quit' old: max=6.14s mean=4.03s (0.49) new: max=3.48s mean=2.41s (0.25) mplayer --help old: max=8.08s mean=5.74s (1.02) new: max=3.79s mean=1.32s (0.81) overall hash time (stdev): old: time=1192.30 (12.85) thruput=25.78mb/s (0.27) new: time=1060.27 (32.58) thruput=29.02mb/s (0.88) (-11%) I also tested kernbench with regular IO streaming in the background to see whether the delayed activation of frequently used mapped file pages had a negative impact on performance in the presence of pressure on the inactive list. The patch made no significant difference in timing, neither for kernbench nor for the streaming IO throughput. The first patch submission raised concerns about the cost of the extra faults for actually activated pages on machines that have no hardware support for young page table entries. I created an artificial worst case scenario on an ARM machine with around 300MHz and 64MB of memory to figure out the dimensions involved. The test would mmap a file of 20MB, then 1. touch all its pages to fault them in 2. force one full scan cycle on the inactive file LRU -- old: mapping pages activated -- new: mapping pages inactive 3. touch the mapping pages again -- old and new: fault exceptions to set the young bits 4. force another full scan cycle on the inactive file LRU 5. touch the mapping pages one last time -- new: fault exceptions to set the young bits The test showed an overall increase of 6% in time over 100 iterations of the above (old: ~212sec, new: ~225sec). 13 secs total overhead / (100 * 5k pages), ignoring the execution time of the test itself, makes for about 25us overhead for every page that gets actually activated. Note: 1. File mapping the size of one third of main memory, _completely_ in active use across memory pressure - i.e., most pages referenced within one LRU cycle. This should be rare to non-existant, especially on such embedded setups. 2. Many huge activation batches. Those batches only occur when the working set fluctuates. If it changes completely between every full LRU cycle, you have problematic reclaim overhead anyway. 3. Access of activated pages at maximum speed: sequential loads from every single page without doing anything in between. In reality, the extra faults will get distributed between actual operations on the data. So even if a workload manages to get the VM into the situation of activating a third of memory in one go on such a setup, it will take 2.2 seconds instead 2.1 without the patch. Comparing the numbers (and my user-experience over several months), I think this change is an overall improvement to the VM. Patch 1 is only refactoring to break up that ugly compound conditional in shrink_page_list() and make it easy to document and add new checks in a readable fashion. Patch 2 gets rid of the obsolete page_mapping_inuse(). It's not strictly related to #3, but it was in the original submission and is a net simplification, so I kept it. Patch 3 implements used-once detection of mapped file pages. This patch: Moving the big conditional into its own predicate function makes the code a bit easier to read and allows for better commenting on the checks one-by-one. This is just cleaning up, no semantics should have been changed. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: OSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: document /sys/devices/system/node/nodeXMel Gorman2010-03-061-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | Add a bare description of what /sys/devices/system/node/nodeX is. Others will follow in time but right now, none of that tree is documented. The existence of this file might at least encourage people to document new entries. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: document /proc/pagetypeinfoMel Gorman2010-03-061-1/+44
| | | | | | | | | | Add documentation for /proc/pagetypeinfo. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: suppress pfn range output for zones without pagesDavid Rientjes2010-03-061-2/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | free_area_init_nodes() emits pfn ranges for all zones on the system. There may be no pages on a higher zone, however, due to memory limitations or the use of the mem= kernel parameter. For example: Zone PFN ranges: DMA 0x00000001 -> 0x00001000 DMA32 0x00001000 -> 0x00100000 Normal 0x00100000 -> 0x00100000 The implementation copies the previous zone's highest pfn, if any, as the next zone's lowest pfn. If its highest pfn is then greater than the amount of addressable memory, the upper memory limit is used instead. Thus, both the lowest and highest possible pfn for higher zones without memory may be the same. The pfn range for zones without memory is now shown as "empty" instead. Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/pm: force GFP_NOIO during suspend/hibernation and resumeRafael J. Wysocki2010-03-065-5/+41
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There are quite a few GFP_KERNEL memory allocations made during suspend/hibernation and resume that may cause the system to hang, because the I/O operations they depend on cannot be completed due to the underlying devices being suspended. Avoid this problem by clearing the __GFP_IO and __GFP_FS bits in gfp_allowed_mask before suspend/hibernation and restoring the original values of these bits in gfp_allowed_mask durig the subsequent resume. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_PM=n linkage] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Reported-by: Maxim Levitsky <maximlevitsky@gmail.com> Cc: Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/swapfile.c: fix swapon size off-by-oneHugh Dickins2010-03-061-13/+18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | There's an off-by-one disagreement between mkswap and swapon about the meaning of swap_header last_page: mkswap (in all versions I've looked at: util-linux-ng and BusyBox and old util-linux; probably as far back as 1999) consistently means the offset (in page units) of the last page of the swap area, whereas kernel sys_swapon (as far back as 2.2 and 2.3) strangely takes it to mean the size (in page units) of the swap area. This disagreement is the safe way round; but it's worrying people, and loses us one page of swap. The fix is not just to add one to nr_good_pages: we need to get maxpages (the size of the swap_map array) right before that; and though that is an unsigned long, be careful not to overflow the unsigned int p->max which later holds it (probably why header uses __u32 last_page instead of size). Why did we subtract one from the maximum swp_offset to calculate maxpages? Though it was probably me who made that change in 2.4.10, I don't get it: and now we should be adding one (without risk of overflow in this case). Fix the handling of swap_header badpages: it could have overrun the swap_map when very large swap area used on a more limited architecture. Remove pre-initializations of swap_header, nr_good_pages and maxpages: those date from when sys_swapon was supporting other versions of header. Reported-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org> Reported-by: Jarkko Lavinen <jarkko.lavinen@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: remove VM_LOCK_RMAP codeRik van Riel2010-03-063-31/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When a VMA is in an inconsistent state during setup or teardown, the worst that can happen is that the rmap code will not be able to find the page. The mapping is in the process of being torn down (PTEs just got invalidated by munmap), or set up (no PTEs have been instantiated yet). It is also impossible for the rmap code to follow a pointer to an already freed VMA, because the rmap code holds the anon_vma->lock, which the VMA teardown code needs to take before the VMA is removed from the anon_vma chain. Hence, we should not need the VM_LOCK_RMAP locking at all. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* rmap: move exclusively owned pages to own anon_vma in do_wp_page()Rik van Riel2010-03-063-0/+32
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When the parent process breaks the COW on a page, both the original which is mapped at child and the new page which is mapped parent end up in that same anon_vma. Generally this won't be a problem, but for some workloads it could preserve the O(N) rmap scanning complexity. A simple fix is to ensure that, when a page which is mapped child gets reused in do_wp_page, because we already are the exclusive owner, the page gets moved to our own exclusive child's anon_vma. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* rmap: remove obsolete check from __page_check_anon_rmap()Rik van Riel2010-03-061-3/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | When an anonymous page is inherited from a parent process, the vma->anon_vma can differ from the page anon_vma. This can trip up __page_check_anon_rmap, which is indirectly called from do_swap_page(). Remove that obsolete check to prevent an oops. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm: change anon_vma linking to fix multi-process server scalability issueRik van Riel2010-03-0614-85/+298
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The old anon_vma code can lead to scalability issues with heavily forking workloads. Specifically, each anon_vma will be shared between the parent process and all its child processes. In a workload with 1000 child processes and a VMA with 1000 anonymous pages per process that get COWed, this leads to a system with a million anonymous pages in the same anon_vma, each of which is mapped in just one of the 1000 processes. However, the current rmap code needs to walk them all, leading to O(N) scanning complexity for each page. This can result in systems where one CPU is walking the page tables of 1000 processes in page_referenced_one, while all other CPUs are stuck on the anon_vma lock. This leads to catastrophic failure for a benchmark like AIM7, where the total number of processes can reach in the tens of thousands. Real workloads are still a factor 10 less process intensive than AIM7, but they are catching up. This patch changes the way anon_vmas and VMAs are linked, which allows us to associate multiple anon_vmas with a VMA. At fork time, each child process gets its own anon_vmas, in which its COWed pages will be instantiated. The parents' anon_vma is also linked to the VMA, because non-COWed pages could be present in any of the children. This reduces rmap scanning complexity to O(1) for the pages of the 1000 child processes, with O(N) complexity for at most 1/N pages in the system. This reduces the average scanning cost in heavily forking workloads from O(N) to 2. The only real complexity in this patch stems from the fact that linking a VMA to anon_vmas now involves memory allocations. This means vma_adjust can fail, if it needs to attach a VMA to anon_vma structures. This in turn means error handling needs to be added to the calling functions. A second source of complexity is that, because there can be multiple anon_vmas, the anon_vma linking in vma_adjust can no longer be done under "the" anon_vma lock. To prevent the rmap code from walking up an incomplete VMA, this patch introduces the VM_LOCK_RMAP VMA flag. This bit flag uses the same slot as the NOMMU VM_MAPPED_COPY, with an ifdef in mm.h to make sure it is impossible to compile a kernel that needs both symbolic values for the same bitflag. Some test results: Without the anon_vma changes, when AIM7 hits around 9.7k users (on a test box with 16GB RAM and not quite enough IO), the system ends up running >99% in system time, with every CPU on the same anon_vma lock in the pageout code. With these changes, AIM7 hits the cross-over point around 29.7k users. This happens with ~99% IO wait time, there never seems to be any spike in system time. The anon_vma lock contention appears to be resolved. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups] Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/memcontrol.c: fix "integer as NULL pointer" sparse warningThiago Farina2010-03-061-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | mm/memcontrol.c:2548:32: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer Signed-off-by: Thiago Farina <tfransosi@gmail.com> Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* include/linux/fs.h: convert FMODE_* constants to hexAndrew Morton2010-03-061-11/+11
| | | | | | | | | It was tolerable until Eric went and added 8388608. Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* readahead: introduce FMODE_RANDOM for POSIX_FADV_RANDOMWu Fengguang2010-03-063-1/+18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This fixes inefficient page-by-page reads on POSIX_FADV_RANDOM. POSIX_FADV_RANDOM used to set ra_pages=0, which leads to poor performance: a 16K read will be carried out in 4 _sync_ 1-page reads. In other places, ra_pages==0 means - it's ramfs/tmpfs/hugetlbfs/sysfs/configfs - some IO error happened where multi-page read IO won't help or should be avoided. POSIX_FADV_RANDOM actually want a different semantics: to disable the *heuristic* readahead algorithm, and to use a dumb one which faithfully submit read IO for whatever application requests. So introduce a flag FMODE_RANDOM for POSIX_FADV_RANDOM. Note that the random hint is not likely to help random reads performance noticeably. And it may be too permissive on huge request size (its IO size is not limited by read_ahead_kb). In Quentin's report (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/12/24/145), the overall (NFS read) performance of the application increased by 313%! Tested-by: Quentin Barnes <qbarnes+nfs@yahoo-inc.com> Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.33.x] Cc: <qbarnes+nfs@yahoo-inc.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* vfs: take f_lock on modifying f_mode after open timeWu Fengguang2010-03-062-0/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | We'll introduce FMODE_RANDOM which will be runtime modified. So protect all runtime modification to f_mode with f_lock to avoid races. Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.33.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/migrate.c: kill anon local variable from migrate_page_copyKOSAKI Motohiro2010-03-061-4/+0
| | | | | | | | | | | | commit 01b1ae63c2 ("memcg: simple migration handling") removed mem_cgroup_uncharge_cache_page() call from migrate_page_copy. Local variable `anon' is now unused. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* mm/mempolicy.c: fix indentation of the comments of do_migrate_pagesKOSAKI Motohiro2010-03-061-30/+30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Currently, do_migrate_pages() have very long comment and this is not indent properly. I often misunderstand it is function starting commnents and confused it. this patch fixes it. note: this patch doesn't break 80 column rule. I guess original author intended this indentaion, but an accident corrupted it. Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* memory-hotplug: create /sys/firmware/memmap entry for new memoryakpm@linux-foundation.org2010-03-063-24/+43
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A memmap is a directory in sysfs which includes 3 text files: start, end and type. For example: start: 0x100000 end: 0x7e7b1cff type: System RAM Interface firmware_map_add was not called explicitly. Remove it and add function firmware_map_add_hotplug as hotplug interface of memmap. Each memory entry has a memmap in sysfs, When we hot-add new memory, sysfs does not export memmap entry for it. We add a call in function add_memory to function firmware_map_add_hotplug. Add a new function add_sysfs_fw_map_entry() to create memmap entry, it will be called when initialize memmap and hot-add memory. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: un-kernedoc a no longer kerneldoc comment] Signed-off-by: Shaohui Zheng <shaohui.zheng@intel.com> Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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