diff options
author | Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com> | 2013-07-03 13:50:51 +0900 |
---|---|---|
committer | Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> | 2014-01-02 16:17:29 -0500 |
commit | c31ffb3ff633109e8b7b438a9e1815b919f5e32d (patch) | |
tree | 77536f8c866a626b4e7992151058068dd8bda5d8 | |
parent | 50eb2672ce13d73e96f6cee84e78cfb52513ff48 (diff) | |
download | blackbird-op-linux-c31ffb3ff633109e8b7b438a9e1815b919f5e32d.tar.gz blackbird-op-linux-c31ffb3ff633109e8b7b438a9e1815b919f5e32d.zip |
tracing/kprobes: Factor out struct trace_probe
There are functions that can be shared to both of kprobes and uprobes.
Separate common data structure to struct trace_probe and use it from
the shared functions.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: zhangwei(Jovi) <jovi.zhangwei@huawei.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
-rw-r--r-- | kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c | 560 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | kernel/trace/trace_probe.h | 20 |
2 files changed, 295 insertions, 285 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c b/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c index dae9541ada9e..727190698727 100644 --- a/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c +++ b/kernel/trace/trace_kprobe.c @@ -27,18 +27,12 @@ /** * Kprobe event core functions */ -struct trace_probe { +struct trace_kprobe { struct list_head list; struct kretprobe rp; /* Use rp.kp for kprobe use */ unsigned long nhit; - unsigned int flags; /* For TP_FLAG_* */ const char *symbol; /* symbol name */ - struct ftrace_event_class class; - struct ftrace_event_call call; - struct list_head files; - ssize_t size; /* trace entry size */ - unsigned int nr_args; - struct probe_arg args[]; + struct trace_probe tp; }; struct event_file_link { @@ -46,56 +40,46 @@ struct event_file_link { struct list_head list; }; -#define SIZEOF_TRACE_PROBE(n) \ - (offsetof(struct trace_probe, args) + \ +#define SIZEOF_TRACE_KPROBE(n) \ + (offsetof(struct trace_kprobe, tp.args) + \ (sizeof(struct probe_arg) * (n))) -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_is_return(struct trace_probe *tp) +static __kprobes bool trace_kprobe_is_return(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - return tp->rp.handler != NULL; + return tk->rp.handler != NULL; } -static __kprobes const char *trace_probe_symbol(struct trace_probe *tp) +static __kprobes const char *trace_kprobe_symbol(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - return tp->symbol ? tp->symbol : "unknown"; + return tk->symbol ? tk->symbol : "unknown"; } -static __kprobes unsigned long trace_probe_offset(struct trace_probe *tp) +static __kprobes unsigned long trace_kprobe_offset(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - return tp->rp.kp.offset; + return tk->rp.kp.offset; } -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_is_enabled(struct trace_probe *tp) +static __kprobes bool trace_kprobe_has_gone(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - return !!(tp->flags & (TP_FLAG_TRACE | TP_FLAG_PROFILE)); + return !!(kprobe_gone(&tk->rp.kp)); } -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_is_registered(struct trace_probe *tp) -{ - return !!(tp->flags & TP_FLAG_REGISTERED); -} - -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_has_gone(struct trace_probe *tp) -{ - return !!(kprobe_gone(&tp->rp.kp)); -} - -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_within_module(struct trace_probe *tp, - struct module *mod) +static __kprobes bool trace_kprobe_within_module(struct trace_kprobe *tk, + struct module *mod) { int len = strlen(mod->name); - const char *name = trace_probe_symbol(tp); + const char *name = trace_kprobe_symbol(tk); return strncmp(mod->name, name, len) == 0 && name[len] == ':'; } -static __kprobes bool trace_probe_is_on_module(struct trace_probe *tp) +static __kprobes bool trace_kprobe_is_on_module(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - return !!strchr(trace_probe_symbol(tp), ':'); + return !!strchr(trace_kprobe_symbol(tk), ':'); } -static int register_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp); -static int unregister_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp); +static int register_kprobe_event(struct trace_kprobe *tk); +static int unregister_kprobe_event(struct trace_kprobe *tk); static DEFINE_MUTEX(probe_lock); static LIST_HEAD(probe_list); @@ -107,42 +91,42 @@ static int kretprobe_dispatcher(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, /* * Allocate new trace_probe and initialize it (including kprobes). */ -static struct trace_probe *alloc_trace_probe(const char *group, +static struct trace_kprobe *alloc_trace_kprobe(const char *group, const char *event, void *addr, const char *symbol, unsigned long offs, int nargs, bool is_return) { - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; int ret = -ENOMEM; - tp = kzalloc(SIZEOF_TRACE_PROBE(nargs), GFP_KERNEL); - if (!tp) + tk = kzalloc(SIZEOF_TRACE_KPROBE(nargs), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!tk) return ERR_PTR(ret); if (symbol) { - tp->symbol = kstrdup(symbol, GFP_KERNEL); - if (!tp->symbol) + tk->symbol = kstrdup(symbol, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!tk->symbol) goto error; - tp->rp.kp.symbol_name = tp->symbol; - tp->rp.kp.offset = offs; + tk->rp.kp.symbol_name = tk->symbol; + tk->rp.kp.offset = offs; } else - tp->rp.kp.addr = addr; + tk->rp.kp.addr = addr; if (is_return) - tp->rp.handler = kretprobe_dispatcher; + tk->rp.handler = kretprobe_dispatcher; else - tp->rp.kp.pre_handler = kprobe_dispatcher; + tk->rp.kp.pre_handler = kprobe_dispatcher; if (!event || !is_good_name(event)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto error; } - tp->call.class = &tp->class; - tp->call.name = kstrdup(event, GFP_KERNEL); - if (!tp->call.name) + tk->tp.call.class = &tk->tp.class; + tk->tp.call.name = kstrdup(event, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!tk->tp.call.name) goto error; if (!group || !is_good_name(group)) { @@ -150,42 +134,42 @@ static struct trace_probe *alloc_trace_probe(const char *group, goto error; } - tp->class.system = kstrdup(group, GFP_KERNEL); - if (!tp->class.system) + tk->tp.class.system = kstrdup(group, GFP_KERNEL); + if (!tk->tp.class.system) goto error; - INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tp->list); - INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tp->files); - return tp; + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tk->list); + INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tk->tp.files); + return tk; error: - kfree(tp->call.name); - kfree(tp->symbol); - kfree(tp); + kfree(tk->tp.call.name); + kfree(tk->symbol); + kfree(tk); return ERR_PTR(ret); } -static void free_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) +static void free_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { int i; - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) - traceprobe_free_probe_arg(&tp->args[i]); + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) + traceprobe_free_probe_arg(&tk->tp.args[i]); - kfree(tp->call.class->system); - kfree(tp->call.name); - kfree(tp->symbol); - kfree(tp); + kfree(tk->tp.call.class->system); + kfree(tk->tp.call.name); + kfree(tk->symbol); + kfree(tk); } -static struct trace_probe *find_trace_probe(const char *event, - const char *group) +static struct trace_kprobe *find_trace_kprobe(const char *event, + const char *group) { - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; - list_for_each_entry(tp, &probe_list, list) - if (strcmp(tp->call.name, event) == 0 && - strcmp(tp->call.class->system, group) == 0) - return tp; + list_for_each_entry(tk, &probe_list, list) + if (strcmp(tk->tp.call.name, event) == 0 && + strcmp(tk->tp.call.class->system, group) == 0) + return tk; return NULL; } @@ -194,7 +178,7 @@ static struct trace_probe *find_trace_probe(const char *event, * if the file is NULL, enable "perf" handler, or enable "trace" handler. */ static int -enable_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) +enable_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct ftrace_event_file *file) { int ret = 0; @@ -208,17 +192,17 @@ enable_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) } link->file = file; - list_add_tail_rcu(&link->list, &tp->files); + list_add_tail_rcu(&link->list, &tk->tp.files); - tp->flags |= TP_FLAG_TRACE; + tk->tp.flags |= TP_FLAG_TRACE; } else - tp->flags |= TP_FLAG_PROFILE; + tk->tp.flags |= TP_FLAG_PROFILE; - if (trace_probe_is_registered(tp) && !trace_probe_has_gone(tp)) { - if (trace_probe_is_return(tp)) - ret = enable_kretprobe(&tp->rp); + if (trace_probe_is_registered(&tk->tp) && !trace_kprobe_has_gone(tk)) { + if (trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) + ret = enable_kretprobe(&tk->rp); else - ret = enable_kprobe(&tp->rp.kp); + ret = enable_kprobe(&tk->rp.kp); } out: return ret; @@ -241,14 +225,14 @@ find_event_file_link(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) * if the file is NULL, disable "perf" handler, or disable "trace" handler. */ static int -disable_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) +disable_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct ftrace_event_file *file) { struct event_file_link *link = NULL; int wait = 0; int ret = 0; if (file) { - link = find_event_file_link(tp, file); + link = find_event_file_link(&tk->tp, file); if (!link) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out; @@ -256,18 +240,18 @@ disable_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) list_del_rcu(&link->list); wait = 1; - if (!list_empty(&tp->files)) + if (!list_empty(&tk->tp.files)) goto out; - tp->flags &= ~TP_FLAG_TRACE; + tk->tp.flags &= ~TP_FLAG_TRACE; } else - tp->flags &= ~TP_FLAG_PROFILE; + tk->tp.flags &= ~TP_FLAG_PROFILE; - if (!trace_probe_is_enabled(tp) && trace_probe_is_registered(tp)) { - if (trace_probe_is_return(tp)) - disable_kretprobe(&tp->rp); + if (!trace_probe_is_enabled(&tk->tp) && trace_probe_is_registered(&tk->tp)) { + if (trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) + disable_kretprobe(&tk->rp); else - disable_kprobe(&tp->rp.kp); + disable_kprobe(&tk->rp.kp); wait = 1; } out: @@ -288,40 +272,40 @@ disable_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp, struct ftrace_event_file *file) } /* Internal register function - just handle k*probes and flags */ -static int __register_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int __register_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { int i, ret; - if (trace_probe_is_registered(tp)) + if (trace_probe_is_registered(&tk->tp)) return -EINVAL; - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) - traceprobe_update_arg(&tp->args[i]); + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) + traceprobe_update_arg(&tk->tp.args[i]); /* Set/clear disabled flag according to tp->flag */ - if (trace_probe_is_enabled(tp)) - tp->rp.kp.flags &= ~KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED; + if (trace_probe_is_enabled(&tk->tp)) + tk->rp.kp.flags &= ~KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED; else - tp->rp.kp.flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED; + tk->rp.kp.flags |= KPROBE_FLAG_DISABLED; - if (trace_probe_is_return(tp)) - ret = register_kretprobe(&tp->rp); + if (trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) + ret = register_kretprobe(&tk->rp); else - ret = register_kprobe(&tp->rp.kp); + ret = register_kprobe(&tk->rp.kp); if (ret == 0) - tp->flags |= TP_FLAG_REGISTERED; + tk->tp.flags |= TP_FLAG_REGISTERED; else { pr_warning("Could not insert probe at %s+%lu: %d\n", - trace_probe_symbol(tp), trace_probe_offset(tp), ret); - if (ret == -ENOENT && trace_probe_is_on_module(tp)) { + trace_kprobe_symbol(tk), trace_kprobe_offset(tk), ret); + if (ret == -ENOENT && trace_kprobe_is_on_module(tk)) { pr_warning("This probe might be able to register after" "target module is loaded. Continue.\n"); ret = 0; } else if (ret == -EILSEQ) { pr_warning("Probing address(0x%p) is not an " "instruction boundary.\n", - tp->rp.kp.addr); + tk->rp.kp.addr); ret = -EINVAL; } } @@ -330,67 +314,67 @@ static int __register_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) } /* Internal unregister function - just handle k*probes and flags */ -static void __unregister_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) +static void __unregister_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - if (trace_probe_is_registered(tp)) { - if (trace_probe_is_return(tp)) - unregister_kretprobe(&tp->rp); + if (trace_probe_is_registered(&tk->tp)) { + if (trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) + unregister_kretprobe(&tk->rp); else - unregister_kprobe(&tp->rp.kp); - tp->flags &= ~TP_FLAG_REGISTERED; + unregister_kprobe(&tk->rp.kp); + tk->tp.flags &= ~TP_FLAG_REGISTERED; /* Cleanup kprobe for reuse */ - if (tp->rp.kp.symbol_name) - tp->rp.kp.addr = NULL; + if (tk->rp.kp.symbol_name) + tk->rp.kp.addr = NULL; } } /* Unregister a trace_probe and probe_event: call with locking probe_lock */ -static int unregister_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int unregister_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { /* Enabled event can not be unregistered */ - if (trace_probe_is_enabled(tp)) + if (trace_probe_is_enabled(&tk->tp)) return -EBUSY; /* Will fail if probe is being used by ftrace or perf */ - if (unregister_probe_event(tp)) + if (unregister_kprobe_event(tk)) return -EBUSY; - __unregister_trace_probe(tp); - list_del(&tp->list); + __unregister_trace_kprobe(tk); + list_del(&tk->list); return 0; } /* Register a trace_probe and probe_event */ -static int register_trace_probe(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int register_trace_kprobe(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - struct trace_probe *old_tp; + struct trace_kprobe *old_tk; int ret; mutex_lock(&probe_lock); /* Delete old (same name) event if exist */ - old_tp = find_trace_probe(tp->call.name, tp->call.class->system); - if (old_tp) { - ret = unregister_trace_probe(old_tp); + old_tk = find_trace_kprobe(tk->tp.call.name, tk->tp.call.class->system); + if (old_tk) { + ret = unregister_trace_kprobe(old_tk); if (ret < 0) goto end; - free_trace_probe(old_tp); + free_trace_kprobe(old_tk); } /* Register new event */ - ret = register_probe_event(tp); + ret = register_kprobe_event(tk); if (ret) { pr_warning("Failed to register probe event(%d)\n", ret); goto end; } /* Register k*probe */ - ret = __register_trace_probe(tp); + ret = __register_trace_kprobe(tk); if (ret < 0) - unregister_probe_event(tp); + unregister_kprobe_event(tk); else - list_add_tail(&tp->list, &probe_list); + list_add_tail(&tk->list, &probe_list); end: mutex_unlock(&probe_lock); @@ -398,11 +382,11 @@ end: } /* Module notifier call back, checking event on the module */ -static int trace_probe_module_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, +static int trace_kprobe_module_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val, void *data) { struct module *mod = data; - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; int ret; if (val != MODULE_STATE_COMING) @@ -410,15 +394,15 @@ static int trace_probe_module_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, /* Update probes on coming module */ mutex_lock(&probe_lock); - list_for_each_entry(tp, &probe_list, list) { - if (trace_probe_within_module(tp, mod)) { + list_for_each_entry(tk, &probe_list, list) { + if (trace_kprobe_within_module(tk, mod)) { /* Don't need to check busy - this should have gone. */ - __unregister_trace_probe(tp); - ret = __register_trace_probe(tp); + __unregister_trace_kprobe(tk); + ret = __register_trace_kprobe(tk); if (ret) pr_warning("Failed to re-register probe %s on" "%s: %d\n", - tp->call.name, mod->name, ret); + tk->tp.call.name, mod->name, ret); } } mutex_unlock(&probe_lock); @@ -426,12 +410,12 @@ static int trace_probe_module_callback(struct notifier_block *nb, return NOTIFY_DONE; } -static struct notifier_block trace_probe_module_nb = { - .notifier_call = trace_probe_module_callback, +static struct notifier_block trace_kprobe_module_nb = { + .notifier_call = trace_kprobe_module_callback, .priority = 1 /* Invoked after kprobe module callback */ }; -static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) +static int create_trace_kprobe(int argc, char **argv) { /* * Argument syntax: @@ -451,7 +435,7 @@ static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) * Type of args: * FETCHARG:TYPE : use TYPE instead of unsigned long. */ - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; int i, ret = 0; bool is_return = false, is_delete = false; char *symbol = NULL, *event = NULL, *group = NULL; @@ -498,16 +482,16 @@ static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) return -EINVAL; } mutex_lock(&probe_lock); - tp = find_trace_probe(event, group); - if (!tp) { + tk = find_trace_kprobe(event, group); + if (!tk) { mutex_unlock(&probe_lock); pr_info("Event %s/%s doesn't exist.\n", group, event); return -ENOENT; } /* delete an event */ - ret = unregister_trace_probe(tp); + ret = unregister_trace_kprobe(tk); if (ret == 0) - free_trace_probe(tp); + free_trace_kprobe(tk); mutex_unlock(&probe_lock); return ret; } @@ -554,47 +538,49 @@ static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) is_return ? 'r' : 'p', addr); event = buf; } - tp = alloc_trace_probe(group, event, addr, symbol, offset, argc, + tk = alloc_trace_kprobe(group, event, addr, symbol, offset, argc, is_return); - if (IS_ERR(tp)) { + if (IS_ERR(tk)) { pr_info("Failed to allocate trace_probe.(%d)\n", - (int)PTR_ERR(tp)); - return PTR_ERR(tp); + (int)PTR_ERR(tk)); + return PTR_ERR(tk); } /* parse arguments */ ret = 0; for (i = 0; i < argc && i < MAX_TRACE_ARGS; i++) { + struct probe_arg *parg = &tk->tp.args[i]; + /* Increment count for freeing args in error case */ - tp->nr_args++; + tk->tp.nr_args++; /* Parse argument name */ arg = strchr(argv[i], '='); if (arg) { *arg++ = '\0'; - tp->args[i].name = kstrdup(argv[i], GFP_KERNEL); + parg->name = kstrdup(argv[i], GFP_KERNEL); } else { arg = argv[i]; /* If argument name is omitted, set "argN" */ snprintf(buf, MAX_EVENT_NAME_LEN, "arg%d", i + 1); - tp->args[i].name = kstrdup(buf, GFP_KERNEL); + parg->name = kstrdup(buf, GFP_KERNEL); } - if (!tp->args[i].name) { + if (!parg->name) { pr_info("Failed to allocate argument[%d] name.\n", i); ret = -ENOMEM; goto error; } - if (!is_good_name(tp->args[i].name)) { + if (!is_good_name(parg->name)) { pr_info("Invalid argument[%d] name: %s\n", - i, tp->args[i].name); + i, parg->name); ret = -EINVAL; goto error; } - if (traceprobe_conflict_field_name(tp->args[i].name, - tp->args, i)) { + if (traceprobe_conflict_field_name(parg->name, + tk->tp.args, i)) { pr_info("Argument[%d] name '%s' conflicts with " "another field.\n", i, argv[i]); ret = -EINVAL; @@ -602,7 +588,7 @@ static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) } /* Parse fetch argument */ - ret = traceprobe_parse_probe_arg(arg, &tp->size, &tp->args[i], + ret = traceprobe_parse_probe_arg(arg, &tk->tp.size, parg, is_return, true); if (ret) { pr_info("Parse error at argument[%d]. (%d)\n", i, ret); @@ -610,35 +596,35 @@ static int create_trace_probe(int argc, char **argv) } } - ret = register_trace_probe(tp); + ret = register_trace_kprobe(tk); if (ret) goto error; return 0; error: - free_trace_probe(tp); + free_trace_kprobe(tk); return ret; } -static int release_all_trace_probes(void) +static int release_all_trace_kprobes(void) { - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; int ret = 0; mutex_lock(&probe_lock); /* Ensure no probe is in use. */ - list_for_each_entry(tp, &probe_list, list) - if (trace_probe_is_enabled(tp)) { + list_for_each_entry(tk, &probe_list, list) + if (trace_probe_is_enabled(&tk->tp)) { ret = -EBUSY; goto end; } /* TODO: Use batch unregistration */ while (!list_empty(&probe_list)) { - tp = list_entry(probe_list.next, struct trace_probe, list); - ret = unregister_trace_probe(tp); + tk = list_entry(probe_list.next, struct trace_kprobe, list); + ret = unregister_trace_kprobe(tk); if (ret) goto end; - free_trace_probe(tp); + free_trace_kprobe(tk); } end: @@ -666,22 +652,22 @@ static void probes_seq_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *v) static int probes_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) { - struct trace_probe *tp = v; + struct trace_kprobe *tk = v; int i; - seq_printf(m, "%c", trace_probe_is_return(tp) ? 'r' : 'p'); - seq_printf(m, ":%s/%s", tp->call.class->system, tp->call.name); + seq_printf(m, "%c", trace_kprobe_is_return(tk) ? 'r' : 'p'); + seq_printf(m, ":%s/%s", tk->tp.call.class->system, tk->tp.call.name); - if (!tp->symbol) - seq_printf(m, " 0x%p", tp->rp.kp.addr); - else if (tp->rp.kp.offset) - seq_printf(m, " %s+%u", trace_probe_symbol(tp), - tp->rp.kp.offset); + if (!tk->symbol) + seq_printf(m, " 0x%p", tk->rp.kp.addr); + else if (tk->rp.kp.offset) + seq_printf(m, " %s+%u", trace_kprobe_symbol(tk), + tk->rp.kp.offset); else - seq_printf(m, " %s", trace_probe_symbol(tp)); + seq_printf(m, " %s", trace_kprobe_symbol(tk)); - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) - seq_printf(m, " %s=%s", tp->args[i].name, tp->args[i].comm); + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) + seq_printf(m, " %s=%s", tk->tp.args[i].name, tk->tp.args[i].comm); seq_printf(m, "\n"); return 0; @@ -699,7 +685,7 @@ static int probes_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) int ret; if ((file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) && (file->f_flags & O_TRUNC)) { - ret = release_all_trace_probes(); + ret = release_all_trace_kprobes(); if (ret < 0) return ret; } @@ -711,7 +697,7 @@ static ssize_t probes_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { return traceprobe_probes_write(file, buffer, count, ppos, - create_trace_probe); + create_trace_kprobe); } static const struct file_operations kprobe_events_ops = { @@ -726,10 +712,10 @@ static const struct file_operations kprobe_events_ops = { /* Probes profiling interfaces */ static int probes_profile_seq_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) { - struct trace_probe *tp = v; + struct trace_kprobe *tk = v; - seq_printf(m, " %-44s %15lu %15lu\n", tp->call.name, tp->nhit, - tp->rp.kp.nmissed); + seq_printf(m, " %-44s %15lu %15lu\n", tk->tp.call.name, tk->nhit, + tk->rp.kp.nmissed); return 0; } @@ -804,7 +790,7 @@ static __kprobes void store_trace_args(int ent_size, struct trace_probe *tp, /* Kprobe handler */ static __kprobes void -__kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs, +__kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct pt_regs *regs, struct ftrace_event_file *ftrace_file) { struct kprobe_trace_entry_head *entry; @@ -812,7 +798,7 @@ __kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs, struct ring_buffer *buffer; int size, dsize, pc; unsigned long irq_flags; - struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tp->call; + struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tk->tp.call; WARN_ON(call != ftrace_file->event_call); @@ -822,8 +808,8 @@ __kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs, local_save_flags(irq_flags); pc = preempt_count(); - dsize = __get_data_size(tp, regs); - size = sizeof(*entry) + tp->size + dsize; + dsize = __get_data_size(&tk->tp, regs); + size = sizeof(*entry) + tk->tp.size + dsize; event = trace_event_buffer_lock_reserve(&buffer, ftrace_file, call->event.type, @@ -832,8 +818,8 @@ __kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs, return; entry = ring_buffer_event_data(event); - entry->ip = (unsigned long)tp->rp.kp.addr; - store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); + entry->ip = (unsigned long)tk->rp.kp.addr; + store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), &tk->tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); if (!filter_check_discard(ftrace_file, entry, buffer, event)) trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs(buffer, event, @@ -841,17 +827,17 @@ __kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs, } static __kprobes void -kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs) +kprobe_trace_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct pt_regs *regs) { struct event_file_link *link; - list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &tp->files, list) - __kprobe_trace_func(tp, regs, link->file); + list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &tk->tp.files, list) + __kprobe_trace_func(tk, regs, link->file); } /* Kretprobe handler */ static __kprobes void -__kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, +__kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs, struct ftrace_event_file *ftrace_file) { @@ -860,7 +846,7 @@ __kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct ring_buffer *buffer; int size, pc, dsize; unsigned long irq_flags; - struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tp->call; + struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tk->tp.call; WARN_ON(call != ftrace_file->event_call); @@ -870,8 +856,8 @@ __kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, local_save_flags(irq_flags); pc = preempt_count(); - dsize = __get_data_size(tp, regs); - size = sizeof(*entry) + tp->size + dsize; + dsize = __get_data_size(&tk->tp, regs); + size = sizeof(*entry) + tk->tp.size + dsize; event = trace_event_buffer_lock_reserve(&buffer, ftrace_file, call->event.type, @@ -880,9 +866,9 @@ __kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, return; entry = ring_buffer_event_data(event); - entry->func = (unsigned long)tp->rp.kp.addr; + entry->func = (unsigned long)tk->rp.kp.addr; entry->ret_ip = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr; - store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); + store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), &tk->tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); if (!filter_check_discard(ftrace_file, entry, buffer, event)) trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs(buffer, event, @@ -890,13 +876,13 @@ __kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, } static __kprobes void -kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, +kretprobe_trace_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) { struct event_file_link *link; - list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &tp->files, list) - __kretprobe_trace_func(tp, ri, regs, link->file); + list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &tk->tp.files, list) + __kretprobe_trace_func(tk, ri, regs, link->file); } /* Event entry printers */ @@ -983,16 +969,18 @@ static int kprobe_event_define_fields(struct ftrace_event_call *event_call) { int ret, i; struct kprobe_trace_entry_head field; - struct trace_probe *tp = (struct trace_probe *)event_call->data; + struct trace_kprobe *tk = (struct trace_kprobe *)event_call->data; DEFINE_FIELD(unsigned long, ip, FIELD_STRING_IP, 0); /* Set argument names as fields */ - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) { - ret = trace_define_field(event_call, tp->args[i].type->fmttype, - tp->args[i].name, - sizeof(field) + tp->args[i].offset, - tp->args[i].type->size, - tp->args[i].type->is_signed, + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) { + struct probe_arg *parg = &tk->tp.args[i]; + + ret = trace_define_field(event_call, parg->type->fmttype, + parg->name, + sizeof(field) + parg->offset, + parg->type->size, + parg->type->is_signed, FILTER_OTHER); if (ret) return ret; @@ -1004,17 +992,19 @@ static int kretprobe_event_define_fields(struct ftrace_event_call *event_call) { int ret, i; struct kretprobe_trace_entry_head field; - struct trace_probe *tp = (struct trace_probe *)event_call->data; + struct trace_kprobe *tk = (struct trace_kprobe *)event_call->data; DEFINE_FIELD(unsigned long, func, FIELD_STRING_FUNC, 0); DEFINE_FIELD(unsigned long, ret_ip, FIELD_STRING_RETIP, 0); /* Set argument names as fields */ - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) { - ret = trace_define_field(event_call, tp->args[i].type->fmttype, - tp->args[i].name, - sizeof(field) + tp->args[i].offset, - tp->args[i].type->size, - tp->args[i].type->is_signed, + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) { + struct probe_arg *parg = &tk->tp.args[i]; + + ret = trace_define_field(event_call, parg->type->fmttype, + parg->name, + sizeof(field) + parg->offset, + parg->type->size, + parg->type->is_signed, FILTER_OTHER); if (ret) return ret; @@ -1022,14 +1012,14 @@ static int kretprobe_event_define_fields(struct ftrace_event_call *event_call) return 0; } -static int __set_print_fmt(struct trace_probe *tp, char *buf, int len) +static int __set_print_fmt(struct trace_kprobe *tk, char *buf, int len) { int i; int pos = 0; const char *fmt, *arg; - if (!trace_probe_is_return(tp)) { + if (!trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) { fmt = "(%lx)"; arg = "REC->" FIELD_STRING_IP; } else { @@ -1042,21 +1032,21 @@ static int __set_print_fmt(struct trace_probe *tp, char *buf, int len) pos += snprintf(buf + pos, LEN_OR_ZERO, "\"%s", fmt); - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) { + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) { pos += snprintf(buf + pos, LEN_OR_ZERO, " %s=%s", - tp->args[i].name, tp->args[i].type->fmt); + tk->tp.args[i].name, tk->tp.args[i].type->fmt); } pos += snprintf(buf + pos, LEN_OR_ZERO, "\", %s", arg); - for (i = 0; i < tp->nr_args; i++) { - if (strcmp(tp->args[i].type->name, "string") == 0) + for (i = 0; i < tk->tp.nr_args; i++) { + if (strcmp(tk->tp.args[i].type->name, "string") == 0) pos += snprintf(buf + pos, LEN_OR_ZERO, ", __get_str(%s)", - tp->args[i].name); + tk->tp.args[i].name); else pos += snprintf(buf + pos, LEN_OR_ZERO, ", REC->%s", - tp->args[i].name); + tk->tp.args[i].name); } #undef LEN_OR_ZERO @@ -1065,20 +1055,20 @@ static int __set_print_fmt(struct trace_probe *tp, char *buf, int len) return pos; } -static int set_print_fmt(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int set_print_fmt(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { int len; char *print_fmt; /* First: called with 0 length to calculate the needed length */ - len = __set_print_fmt(tp, NULL, 0); + len = __set_print_fmt(tk, NULL, 0); print_fmt = kmalloc(len + 1, GFP_KERNEL); if (!print_fmt) return -ENOMEM; /* Second: actually write the @print_fmt */ - __set_print_fmt(tp, print_fmt, len + 1); - tp->call.print_fmt = print_fmt; + __set_print_fmt(tk, print_fmt, len + 1); + tk->tp.call.print_fmt = print_fmt; return 0; } @@ -1087,9 +1077,9 @@ static int set_print_fmt(struct trace_probe *tp) /* Kprobe profile handler */ static __kprobes void -kprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs) +kprobe_perf_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct pt_regs *regs) { - struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tp->call; + struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tk->tp.call; struct kprobe_trace_entry_head *entry; struct hlist_head *head; int size, __size, dsize; @@ -1099,8 +1089,8 @@ kprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs) if (hlist_empty(head)) return; - dsize = __get_data_size(tp, regs); - __size = sizeof(*entry) + tp->size + dsize; + dsize = __get_data_size(&tk->tp, regs); + __size = sizeof(*entry) + tk->tp.size + dsize; size = ALIGN(__size + sizeof(u32), sizeof(u64)); size -= sizeof(u32); @@ -1108,18 +1098,18 @@ kprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct pt_regs *regs) if (!entry) return; - entry->ip = (unsigned long)tp->rp.kp.addr; + entry->ip = (unsigned long)tk->rp.kp.addr; memset(&entry[1], 0, dsize); - store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); + store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), &tk->tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); perf_trace_buf_submit(entry, size, rctx, 0, 1, regs, head, NULL); } /* Kretprobe profile handler */ static __kprobes void -kretprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, +kretprobe_perf_func(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) { - struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tp->call; + struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tk->tp.call; struct kretprobe_trace_entry_head *entry; struct hlist_head *head; int size, __size, dsize; @@ -1129,8 +1119,8 @@ kretprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, if (hlist_empty(head)) return; - dsize = __get_data_size(tp, regs); - __size = sizeof(*entry) + tp->size + dsize; + dsize = __get_data_size(&tk->tp, regs); + __size = sizeof(*entry) + tk->tp.size + dsize; size = ALIGN(__size + sizeof(u32), sizeof(u64)); size -= sizeof(u32); @@ -1138,9 +1128,9 @@ kretprobe_perf_func(struct trace_probe *tp, struct kretprobe_instance *ri, if (!entry) return; - entry->func = (unsigned long)tp->rp.kp.addr; + entry->func = (unsigned long)tk->rp.kp.addr; entry->ret_ip = (unsigned long)ri->ret_addr; - store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); + store_trace_args(sizeof(*entry), &tk->tp, regs, (u8 *)&entry[1], dsize); perf_trace_buf_submit(entry, size, rctx, 0, 1, regs, head, NULL); } #endif /* CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS */ @@ -1155,20 +1145,20 @@ static __kprobes int kprobe_register(struct ftrace_event_call *event, enum trace_reg type, void *data) { - struct trace_probe *tp = (struct trace_probe *)event->data; + struct trace_kprobe *tk = (struct trace_kprobe *)event->data; struct ftrace_event_file *file = data; switch (type) { case TRACE_REG_REGISTER: - return enable_trace_probe(tp, file); + return enable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); case TRACE_REG_UNREGISTER: - return disable_trace_probe(tp, file); + return disable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS case TRACE_REG_PERF_REGISTER: - return enable_trace_probe(tp, NULL); + return enable_trace_kprobe(tk, NULL); case TRACE_REG_PERF_UNREGISTER: - return disable_trace_probe(tp, NULL); + return disable_trace_kprobe(tk, NULL); case TRACE_REG_PERF_OPEN: case TRACE_REG_PERF_CLOSE: case TRACE_REG_PERF_ADD: @@ -1182,15 +1172,15 @@ int kprobe_register(struct ftrace_event_call *event, static __kprobes int kprobe_dispatcher(struct kprobe *kp, struct pt_regs *regs) { - struct trace_probe *tp = container_of(kp, struct trace_probe, rp.kp); + struct trace_kprobe *tk = container_of(kp, struct trace_kprobe, rp.kp); - tp->nhit++; + tk->nhit++; - if (tp->flags & TP_FLAG_TRACE) - kprobe_trace_func(tp, regs); + if (tk->tp.flags & TP_FLAG_TRACE) + kprobe_trace_func(tk, regs); #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS - if (tp->flags & TP_FLAG_PROFILE) - kprobe_perf_func(tp, regs); + if (tk->tp.flags & TP_FLAG_PROFILE) + kprobe_perf_func(tk, regs); #endif return 0; /* We don't tweek kernel, so just return 0 */ } @@ -1198,15 +1188,15 @@ int kprobe_dispatcher(struct kprobe *kp, struct pt_regs *regs) static __kprobes int kretprobe_dispatcher(struct kretprobe_instance *ri, struct pt_regs *regs) { - struct trace_probe *tp = container_of(ri->rp, struct trace_probe, rp); + struct trace_kprobe *tk = container_of(ri->rp, struct trace_kprobe, rp); - tp->nhit++; + tk->nhit++; - if (tp->flags & TP_FLAG_TRACE) - kretprobe_trace_func(tp, ri, regs); + if (tk->tp.flags & TP_FLAG_TRACE) + kretprobe_trace_func(tk, ri, regs); #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS - if (tp->flags & TP_FLAG_PROFILE) - kretprobe_perf_func(tp, ri, regs); + if (tk->tp.flags & TP_FLAG_PROFILE) + kretprobe_perf_func(tk, ri, regs); #endif return 0; /* We don't tweek kernel, so just return 0 */ } @@ -1219,21 +1209,21 @@ static struct trace_event_functions kprobe_funcs = { .trace = print_kprobe_event }; -static int register_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int register_kprobe_event(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { - struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tp->call; + struct ftrace_event_call *call = &tk->tp.call; int ret; /* Initialize ftrace_event_call */ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&call->class->fields); - if (trace_probe_is_return(tp)) { + if (trace_kprobe_is_return(tk)) { call->event.funcs = &kretprobe_funcs; call->class->define_fields = kretprobe_event_define_fields; } else { call->event.funcs = &kprobe_funcs; call->class->define_fields = kprobe_event_define_fields; } - if (set_print_fmt(tp) < 0) + if (set_print_fmt(tk) < 0) return -ENOMEM; ret = register_ftrace_event(&call->event); if (!ret) { @@ -1242,7 +1232,7 @@ static int register_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp) } call->flags = 0; call->class->reg = kprobe_register; - call->data = tp; + call->data = tk; ret = trace_add_event_call(call); if (ret) { pr_info("Failed to register kprobe event: %s\n", call->name); @@ -1252,14 +1242,14 @@ static int register_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp) return ret; } -static int unregister_probe_event(struct trace_probe *tp) +static int unregister_kprobe_event(struct trace_kprobe *tk) { int ret; /* tp->event is unregistered in trace_remove_event_call() */ - ret = trace_remove_event_call(&tp->call); + ret = trace_remove_event_call(&tk->tp.call); if (!ret) - kfree(tp->call.print_fmt); + kfree(tk->tp.call.print_fmt); return ret; } @@ -1269,7 +1259,7 @@ static __init int init_kprobe_trace(void) struct dentry *d_tracer; struct dentry *entry; - if (register_module_notifier(&trace_probe_module_nb)) + if (register_module_notifier(&trace_kprobe_module_nb)) return -EINVAL; d_tracer = tracing_init_dentry(); @@ -1309,26 +1299,26 @@ static __used int kprobe_trace_selftest_target(int a1, int a2, int a3, } static struct ftrace_event_file * -find_trace_probe_file(struct trace_probe *tp, struct trace_array *tr) +find_trace_probe_file(struct trace_kprobe *tk, struct trace_array *tr) { struct ftrace_event_file *file; list_for_each_entry(file, &tr->events, list) - if (file->event_call == &tp->call) + if (file->event_call == &tk->tp.call) return file; return NULL; } /* - * Nobody but us can call enable_trace_probe/disable_trace_probe at this + * Nobody but us can call enable_trace_kprobe/disable_trace_kprobe at this * stage, we can do this lockless. */ static __init int kprobe_trace_self_tests_init(void) { int ret, warn = 0; int (*target)(int, int, int, int, int, int); - struct trace_probe *tp; + struct trace_kprobe *tk; struct ftrace_event_file *file; target = kprobe_trace_selftest_target; @@ -1337,44 +1327,44 @@ static __init int kprobe_trace_self_tests_init(void) ret = traceprobe_command("p:testprobe kprobe_trace_selftest_target " "$stack $stack0 +0($stack)", - create_trace_probe); + create_trace_kprobe); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret)) { pr_warn("error on probing function entry.\n"); warn++; } else { /* Enable trace point */ - tp = find_trace_probe("testprobe", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL)) { + tk = find_trace_kprobe("testprobe", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tk == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting new probe.\n"); warn++; } else { - file = find_trace_probe_file(tp, top_trace_array()); + file = find_trace_probe_file(tk, top_trace_array()); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(file == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting probe file.\n"); warn++; } else - enable_trace_probe(tp, file); + enable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); } } ret = traceprobe_command("r:testprobe2 kprobe_trace_selftest_target " - "$retval", create_trace_probe); + "$retval", create_trace_kprobe); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret)) { pr_warn("error on probing function return.\n"); warn++; } else { /* Enable trace point */ - tp = find_trace_probe("testprobe2", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL)) { + tk = find_trace_kprobe("testprobe2", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tk == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting 2nd new probe.\n"); warn++; } else { - file = find_trace_probe_file(tp, top_trace_array()); + file = find_trace_probe_file(tk, top_trace_array()); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(file == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting probe file.\n"); warn++; } else - enable_trace_probe(tp, file); + enable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); } } @@ -1384,46 +1374,46 @@ static __init int kprobe_trace_self_tests_init(void) ret = target(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); /* Disable trace points before removing it */ - tp = find_trace_probe("testprobe", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL)) { + tk = find_trace_kprobe("testprobe", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tk == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting test probe.\n"); warn++; } else { - file = find_trace_probe_file(tp, top_trace_array()); + file = find_trace_probe_file(tk, top_trace_array()); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(file == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting probe file.\n"); warn++; } else - disable_trace_probe(tp, file); + disable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); } - tp = find_trace_probe("testprobe2", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); - if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tp == NULL)) { + tk = find_trace_kprobe("testprobe2", KPROBE_EVENT_SYSTEM); + if (WARN_ON_ONCE(tk == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting 2nd test probe.\n"); warn++; } else { - file = find_trace_probe_file(tp, top_trace_array()); + file = find_trace_probe_file(tk, top_trace_array()); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(file == NULL)) { pr_warn("error on getting probe file.\n"); warn++; } else - disable_trace_probe(tp, file); + disable_trace_kprobe(tk, file); } - ret = traceprobe_command("-:testprobe", create_trace_probe); + ret = traceprobe_command("-:testprobe", create_trace_kprobe); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret)) { pr_warn("error on deleting a probe.\n"); warn++; } - ret = traceprobe_command("-:testprobe2", create_trace_probe); + ret = traceprobe_command("-:testprobe2", create_trace_kprobe); if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret)) { pr_warn("error on deleting a probe.\n"); warn++; } end: - release_all_trace_probes(); + release_all_trace_kprobes(); if (warn) pr_cont("NG: Some tests are failed. Please check them.\n"); else diff --git a/kernel/trace/trace_probe.h b/kernel/trace/trace_probe.h index 5c7e09d10d74..984e91ed8a44 100644 --- a/kernel/trace/trace_probe.h +++ b/kernel/trace/trace_probe.h @@ -124,6 +124,26 @@ struct probe_arg { const struct fetch_type *type; /* Type of this argument */ }; +struct trace_probe { + unsigned int flags; /* For TP_FLAG_* */ + struct ftrace_event_class class; + struct ftrace_event_call call; + struct list_head files; + ssize_t size; /* trace entry size */ + unsigned int nr_args; + struct probe_arg args[]; +}; + +static inline bool trace_probe_is_enabled(struct trace_probe *tp) +{ + return !!(tp->flags & (TP_FLAG_TRACE | TP_FLAG_PROFILE)); +} + +static inline bool trace_probe_is_registered(struct trace_probe *tp) +{ + return !!(tp->flags & TP_FLAG_REGISTERED); +} + static inline __kprobes void call_fetch(struct fetch_param *fprm, struct pt_regs *regs, void *dest) { |